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Обстоятельство времени

Present Forms

Past Forms

Future Forms

Present Simple

Every day | week, month, | year, usually, often. always, never, rarely, sometimes, in the morning | evening | afternoon, at night, on Sunday etc.

Past Simple

Yesterday, last week month etc, ago, just now, when, in 2008 etc.

Will / Be going to

Tomorrow, tonight, next week. month, in two /three … days, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week, month etc.

Present Cont./Progressive

Now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, today, tonight, always, still etc

Past Continuous

While, when, as, etc.

Future Continuous

While, when, as, etc.

Present Perfect

Just, ever, never, already, yet, always how long, so far, recently, since, for, today, this week, month, etc

Past Perfect

For, since, already, after, just, never, yet, before, by, by the time, etc.

Future Perfect

Before, by, by then, by the time, until

Таблица 19. Употребление основных форм глагола

I - Infinitive

Past

Indefinite

Participle II

Participle I

1. V.1 -

V.1 + es

Present Simple

2. V.1 + ed -

V.2, V.3

правильных глаголов

3. V.1 + ing – V.4

4. shall + V.1 –

will + V.1 –

Future Simple

5. be+to+V.1 –

have+to+V.1 –

эквиваленты модального глагола must

Готовое сказуемое в Past Simple

  1. Соответствует русскому страдательному причастию и выполняет в предложении функцию определения (перед и после) существительного).

  2. Have + V.3 –

Группа Perfect

  1. be+V.3 –

страдательный залог.

1. Соответствует русскому действительному причастию и выполняет в предложении функции:

а) определения (после и перед существительным);

б) обстоятельства образа действия (после глагола);

в) обстоятельства времени (в начале предложения).

2. be+V.4 - Группа Continuous.

Таблица 20. Формулы образования времен английского глагола.

Действительный залог (субъект выполняет действие)

Времена

Past

Present

Future

Future-in-the-Past

аспект

Simple

Обычное действие (сообщение

фактов)

V.2

V.1

V.1 + (e)s

shall

+V.1

will

should

+ V.1

would

Progressive

Длительное действие (подчеркивание процесса)

was

+ V.4

were

am

is + V.4

are

shall be

+ V.4

will be

should be

+V.4

would be

Perfect

совершенное действие (ожидание результата)

had + V.3

have

+ V.3

has

shall have

+ V.3

will have

should have

+V.3

would have

Perfect-

Continuous

(совершенно-длительное

действие)

had been

+ V.4

have been

+V.4

has been

shall have been

+ V.4

will have been

should have been

would have been

+V.4

V.1 – I форма глагола; V.2 – II форма глагола; V.3 – III форма глагола; V.4 – IV форма глагола.

Таблица 21. Формулы образования времен английского глагола.

Страдательный залог (действие направлено на субъект) Be + V.3

Времена

Past

Present

Future

аспект

Simple

Was

+ V.3

were

am

is + V.3

are

shall

+ be + V.3

will

Continuous

(progressive)

Was

+ being + V.3

were

am

is + being + V.3

are

-

Perfect

had + been + V.3

have

+ been + V.3

has

shall

+have+been + V.3

will

Таблица 22. Сводная таблица глагольных форм

в страдательном залоге TO BE + V.3.

Past

Present

Future

I

N

D

E

F

I

N

I

T

E

I

he

she

it

we

you

they

was written

were written

I

he

she

it

we

you

they

is written

are written

I

he

she

it

we

you

they

shall be written

will be written

Was I written?

I was not written.

Am I written?

I am not written.

Shall I be written?

I shall not be written.

C

O

N

T

I

N

U

O

U

S

I

he

she

it

we

you

they

was being written

were being written

I

he

she

it

we

you

they

is being written

are being written

Was I being written?

I was not being written.

Am I being written?

I am not being written.

P

E

R

F

E

C

T

I

he

she

we

you

they

had been written

he

she

I

we

you

they

has been written

have been written

I

we

he

she

you

they

Shall

have been written

will

Had I been written?

I hadn’t been written.

Have I been written?

I haven’t been written.

Shall I have been written?

I shall not have been written.