2.6. Read the text and carry out the following assignments:

1) find the sentences describing kinds of surface irrigation;

2) find the paragraph concerning wild flooding;

3) find the sentences related to the most common method of applying water to row crops;

4) translate the text into Ukrainian.

Text a. Methods of irrigation.

1. The methods by which irrigation is applied to the land should depend, under ideal conditions, on individual land features such as the slope of the land, the crops to be irrigated, the nature of the water supply and the ability of the soil to absorb and hold water.

2. There are three general methods of applying water: surface irrigation, sprinkling and subirrigation.

3. Surface irrigation includes the general methods of flood and furrow and corrugation irrigation.

4. In its turn flood irrigation includes several methods: border strip irrigation, basic irrigation, contour or bench border irrigation, wild flooding and others.

5. The object of border strip irrigation is to advance a sheet of water down a narrow strip between low ridges or borders and to get the water into the soil as the sheet advances. The ridges should be low and rounded. Border strip irrigation is well adapted for all close-growing crops and is used for some row crops, such as cotton.

6. Basin irrigation consists in quickly filling a diked area with water to the desired depth and allowing the water to percolate into the soil. It is desirable for close-growing crops, orchards and rice.

7. Contour, or bench border, irrigation is adapted to uniform, moderate slopes. Border strips are laid out across the slope and ridges are constructed parallel to each other.

8. In wild flooding the stream of water is diverted from its course and allowed to spread out over the field at random. It is not recommended, because the low spots in field will get too much water and high spots will receive none.

9. Furrow irrigation always was the most common method of applying water to row crops. Water is applied in the furrow between the rows of plants, as water runs down the row, part of it is being absorbed all along the furrow. It is adapted to all row crops, truck crops, orchards, vineyards, and berry patches on gentle slopes.

10. Corrugation irrigation is well adapted to close-growing crops on sloping lands and to soil slow to take water. The water is applied in small furrows running down the slope from the head ditch. Corrugation irrigation provides uniform wetting and prevents erosive water accumulation on land too steep for borders or basins. Besides they need small irrigation streams.

III. Vocabulary study

3.1. Translate into Ukrainian the following words with common stem and word-combinations:

– crop (n), crop (v), technical crops, crop plants, row crops, high-standing crop, truck crops, heavy crop, close-growing crops, crop failure;

– irrigation, irrigative, surface irrigation, basin irrigation, irrigable, corrugation irrigation, irrigation canal, irrigation engineering, irrigate, irrigation station, flood irrigation;

– erosion, erosive water, soil erosion, erode, erodent, eroded, anti-erosion measures, uneroded soils, wind erosion;

– slope (n), slope (v), steep slope, slope down, sloping, moderate slopes, sloping lands, gentle slope;

– absorb, absorbability, absorbable, absorbency, absorbent, absorber, absorbing, absorptance, absorption, absorptive power, absorptivity;

– flood (n), flood (v), flooded, flood-gate, flooding, flood-anchor, flood-lit, flood-hatch, flood-light, flood-mark, flood-tide, flood water, wild flooding.