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Shortened words

Either part of a word or a word in a word-combination can be shortened:

1) part of a word: advert, ad (advertisement); bargs (bargains); burger (ham­burger); chimp (chimpanse); demo (demonstration); a detox (detoxication) clinic; high-tech (high technology); lab (laboratory); the LibDems (the Liberal Democrats); quake (earthquake); sub (submarine); yard (shipyard); veg (vegetable/s); vent (ventilator); vet(s) (veterinarian/s); the Indi (The Independent);

2) a word in the word combination: cash point (machine); crude (oil); a lap-top (computer); the Med (the Mediterranean Sea); the Met (the Meteorological Office or the Metropolitan police); the Mid-East (the Middle East); four-star / leaded / unleaded (type of petrol); satnav (automobile satellite navigation); welly boots (Wellington boots).

Quite often a noun reduction in a combination “an adjective + a noun in plural” leads to formation of a new noun with collective meaning (the so-called lexical ellipsis): heavies (heavy or quality papers); hereditaries (hereditary peers); pops (popular papers or tabloids); primaries (primary exams or elections); semis (semi-final matches).

Control Questions

1. What are the lexical features of newspaper articles?

2. What is the basis of classifying the print media lexical units into two large categories?

3. List all categories of lexical units in each group.

4. What are the two groups of neologisms used by the media?

5. Recall the ways the second group of neologisms is formed.

Practical Tasks

Task 1. Read the piece below. Say what genre it is. Get ready to analyse its linguistic features.

Former Mandela Fund Official Says Model Gave Him Diamonds

Alan Cowell

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A former director of the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund charity, Jeremy Ractliffe, confirmed on Friday that he received “three small uncut diamonds” from the supermodel Naomi Campbell the day after she attended a 1997 dinner given by Mr Mandela and attended by Charles Taylor, then the president of Liberia. Ms Campbell testified at Mr Taylor’s war crimes trial in the Hague on Thursday that after the dinner, two unidentified men gave her a pouch containing “very small, dirty-looking stones”, which she passed to Mr Ractliffe in the hope that they might be used to help the charity. The prosecution has accused Mr Taylor of trading in so-called blood diamonds, which are used to foment civil conflict – a charge he denies. In a statement, Mr Ractliffe said he worried that the gift would damage reputations and that it might be illegal, so he kept the diamonds and did not tell anyone until he recently turned them over to South African authorities. Mr Ractliffe is no longer the charity’s chief executive, but he is listed on its Web site as a trustee.

The International Herald Tribune, August 6, 2010

Task 2. Have a look at articles A – C below, and say what genre they are. What is the syntactical structure of their headlines? Translate them into Russian.

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