- •Table of Contents
- •Also by James Randi The Truth About Uri Geller Houdini: His Life and Art (with Bert Sugar) Flim-Flaml Test Your esp Potential
- •Inquiries should be addressed to Prometheus Books, 59 John Glenn Drive, Amherst, New York 14228-2197, 716-691-0133, ext. 207. Fax: 716-564-2711. Www.Prometheusbooks.Com
- •1. Spiritual healing—Controversial literature. 2. Healers—Controversial literature. I. Title.
- •Isbn 0-87975-369-2
- •Foreword by Carl Sagan
- •Acknowledgments
- •Introduction
- •The Origins of Faith-Healing
- •A Plethora of Religious Flotsam
- •The Royal Touch
- •Valentine Greatraks, the “Stroker.”
- •The Most Famous Christian Shrine
- •Virgins Galore
- •The Afflicted Visionary
- •There Is a Baby in the Bath Water
- •The Problems of Examining Claims
- •A Remarkable Case from Lourdes
- •The Search for Evidence on Micheli
- •The Latest Official “Miracle”
- •Faith-Healing in Modern Times
- •The Pattern Is Established
- •A Similarity to Witchcraft
- •An Orthodox Service
- •It’s Magic
- •Sacred Babble
- •A Minor Test
- •The Most Important Ingredient
- •A Trick with Biblical Roots
- •The “Gift of Knowledge”
- •A Smooth Act
- •The Family Bible Tells All
- •A Disclaimer
- •The Art of Mnemonics
- •All Sorts of Trickery
- •The Church View
- •More Orthodox Views
- •How Do Their Associates Feel About the Faith-Healers?
- •Caution: Demons at Work
- •Send in the Demons
- •The Roman Catholic Bestiary
- •Christianity and Voodoo: Are They That Different?
- •An Early Skeptic
- •Anointing by the Anointed
- •A Lutheran Point of View
- •The Financial Aspects
- •God as Terrorist
- •Saved from the Unthinkable
- •Gold Bars and Cut Diamonds
- •A Very Private Matter
- •The Mail Operation
- •Living High on the Hog
- •Religion, Texas-style
- •Revelations of a Decorator
- •More Real Estate
- •High Living in Texas, Too
- •A Bold Admission
- •The Mail Operations of Faith-Healers
- •I Have a Little List
- •The Biggest Little Mail Room in California
- •The Eagle’s Nest Mail Room
- •The Tulsa Postman’s Burden
- •Copying a Good Idea
- •Faulty Computer Programming
- •A. A. Allen and Miracle Valley
- •A Disclaimer—Just in Case
- •A Colorful Start
- •A Tough Customer
- •The Evidence for Healing
- •The Dream Ends
- •The King Is Dead
- •A Fortuitous Encounter
- •Trouble in Paradise and a Touching Defense
- •Suspicious Signs and Wonders
- •A Man with a Lot of Enemies
- •The Preacher in Prison
- •Enter a New Character, the Reverend Peter Popoff
- •Caught in the Act
- •Back in the Saddle Again
- •A Simple Act to Follow
- •W. V. Grant and the Eagle’s Nest
- •The Big Operator from Big d
- •Diversity of Operations
- •The Elusive Truth
- •Miracle Time
- •How Blind Is “Blind”?
- •A Careful Observer
- •The Wheelchair Trick
- •A Theologian’s Opinion
- •Behind the Scenes
- •Does Grant Ever Heal Anyone?
- •An Unhappy Customer
- •The Pretending Game
- •Not Blind Enough to Be Deceived
- •The Media Attitude
- •A Devastating Exposé in Rochester
- •An Odd Coincidence
- •The Story Starts Falling Apart
- •The Haitian Orphanages
- •W. V. Grant Replies to wokr-tv
- •A Brother in Trouble
- •Another Well-Informed Reporter
- •The Trash Detail
- •A Sad Record of Problems with No Solutions
- •The Written Evidence
- •The “Leg-Stretching” Miracle
- •Celebrities at His Feet
- •A Disillusioned Employee
- •A Brooklyn Encounter with Grant
- •The Interior Decorator Tells All
- •Peter Popoff and His Wonderful Machine
- •A Rellglous Entrepreneur
- •A Major Exposure
- •The Leaflet Campaign
- •Revelations
- •Sophisticated Technology at Work
- •An Intended Deception
- •Case for the Defense
- •A Valuable Colleague
- •The Electronic Evidence
- •A Different Brand of People
- •They’ll Believe Anything
- •The Popoff Camp Answers by Mail
- •Backs to the Wall
- •An Unhappy Toiler in the Vineyard
- •And Then There’s the Other Sherrill Family
- •An Important Character
- •One Broken Promise Too Many
- •Electronics to the Rescue
- •The “Russian Bibles” Vandalism Scam
- •The Plot Thickens
- •The Vandals Strike
- •The Appeal to Repair the Devil’s Work
- •The Smoking Videotape
- •Selling the Snake Oil
- •The Damning Evidence of Popoff’s Personal Involvement
- •The Mail Campaign
- •No Refunds in the Religion Business
- •A Plea from a Colleague
- •A Similar Case in Chicago
- •Expert Advice Is Sought—and Ignored
- •High-Powered Mail
- •Oral Roberts and the City of Faith
- •A Losing Proposition
- •Divine Financial Advice
- •Get Thee Behind Me, Poverty
- •The Canvas Cathedral
- •Economy-Size Miracles
- •The Midas Touch
- •A Few Paradoxes and Second Thoughts
- •The Ultimate Presumption
- •A Word of Knowledge from Pat Robertson
- •The Political Power of the Evangelists
- •Other Wonders, Too
- •A Sour Note from a Colleague
- •A Redefinition
- •The tv Special to End Them All
- •The Psychic Dentist and an Unamazing Grace
- •Skimpy Evidence
- •Going to the Top
- •Trouble Down Under
- •Improving the Account
- •Dentistry by Alchemy
- •A Serious, Direct Health Hazard
- •The Shirley Temple of Faith-Healing
- •Six More Failed Examples
- •An Amazing Lack of Evidence and Loss of Memory
- •The Gift of Knowledge Backfires
- •Father DiOrio: Vatican-Approved Wizard
- •Down Syndrome “Cured”
- •A Superior’s Opinion
- •More Incredible Claims, But No Evidence
- •Sidestepping the Question
- •The Heavy Burden of Guilt
- •The Lesser Lights
- •Danny Davis
- •Kathryn (“The Great”) Kuhlman
- •Daniel Atwood
- •David Epley
- •Brother (Reverend) Al (Warick)
- •David Paul
- •Ernest Angley
- •The Happy Hunters
- •Practical Limitations of Medical Science
- •What Does Medical Science Offer?
- •The Attitude of Orthodox Physicians
- •The Experts Speak Up
- •The French Attitude
- •An Interested Anthropologist Looks at Faith-Healing
- •Evangelists as Friends
- •The Aim of Medical Science
- •Where Is the Evidence?
- •Ancient Precursors
- •What You See Is Not What You Get
- •An m.D. Refuses to Answer
- •A Nlneteenth-Century Case and Its Conclusion
- •Willful Blindness
- •The Case of Rose Osha
- •So What Harm Is Done, Anyway?
- •The Nature of the Ailments
- •The Elusive Proof
- •The Mystery of the Discarded Crutches
- •A Personal Experience in Canada
- •The Anthropologist’s View
- •Many Similar Conclusions
- •A Proudly Quoted Miracle
- •A Physician Answers My Request
- •The Newspapers Have a Go at It
- •Why Do They Continue to Believe?
- •A Poor Body of Proof
- •The Devil Known as Science
- •The Refusal to Know
- •A Religious Parallel
- •The Art of Rationalization
- •The Overlap of Magic and Science
- •The Placebo Effect
- •The Endorphin Effect
- •Psychotherapy vs. Faith-Healing
- •Keeping the Victims Dependent
- •Standards of Evidence
- •Oral Roberts Fails Examination
- •An Epilepsy “Cure” by Peter Popoff
- •A Nonexistent Tumor “Cured” by Peter Popoff
- •The Bare Facts
- •A Simple Challenge, Unanswered
- •Legal Aspects
- •Many More Cases of Dying Children
- •A Wise Statement Seldom Heeded
- •A Reluctance to Enforce the Law
- •Other Legal Concerns
- •Final Thoughts
- •An Update
- •Bibliography
- •Appendix Appendix I
- •Appendix II
- •Appendix III
- •Appendix IV
A Sad Record of Problems with No Solutions
A total of 97 letters and envelopes, torn in half, showed up in the garbage. Some were the bright red numbered ones, but there were also blue, orange, pink, white, yellow, and beige envelopes—all, we discovered, for different purposes. One envelope contained a letter from a Mary Birchman, a subject who later had been “called out” and “healed” of colon cancer and a swollen leg at the first Fort Lauderdale meeting we attended. This woman was not healed, and her letter, which she had personally given to Grant, contained every detail he later revealed to her during the service. A score or so more letters were similar, revealing specific details that Grant had purportedly been divinely inspired to announce.
The Written Evidence
The big prize from that garbage search was a crib sheet. Grant had met certain people as they gave him the beige envelopes, each containing $20 and a letter. These had been sent out in advance of his arrival in Florida, with instructions to hand them to Grant in person at the auditorium with a “$20 love offering” inside. As Grant met these people, he associated their faces with their first names (on the outside of the envelopes). He had about ten envelopes at a time taken backstage and received in return a 4-by-6-inch data sheet some time later from an assistant. He studied the sheet, adding the new data to his memory or putting it in his pocket for later use. This is the crib sheet we found:
One of W. V. Grant’s “crib sheets.”
Almost all of the beige-colored envelopes we found contained letters to Grant. These had probably been thrown out because the people who received that color envelope were already entered on the computer mailing list. Most other colored envelopes had no letters thrown out with them, except where no donation had been enclosed. Two contained $5.00 checks that Grant either had missed or discarded because of the low value. In his personal ministry and on television, the Reverend Grant had encouraged his congregation to enclose letters expressing their prayer needs along with their money. He had promised:I will take each letter and anoint it with this holy oil from Israel, and I will pray over your letter back in my church in Dallas.
The callous fact we discovered was that those letters, some several pages long and filled with heart-rending pleas for the minister’s prayers and intercession with God, had been torn up, crumpled, and tossed in with the garbage. They never reached the hands of Grant at all, and they certainly never made it to Dallas. The only oil that got on those letters was snake oil, and possibly some cooking oil from french fries. By piecing together these scraps of the congregation’s hopes, bit by bit, and learning how Grant handled these needs, we were gradually beginning to see the true attitude this pastor held toward his flock.
The “Leg-Stretching” Miracle
At every crusade meeting, Reverend Grant announces that a subject has “a short leg” that needs to be adjusted. He brings the person on stage, and seats him on a chair facing across the stage but slightly turned to the audience. He lifts both legs up, parallel to the floor. At this point, the spectators see that one leg (the one nearest them) appears shorter by about two inches, judged by the relative positions of the heels of the shoes or boots. During some heavy incantations, with Grant holding both feet resting upon his one hand, the short leg seems to lengthen to match the other one. (Grant does this no more than once a show. But back in 1970, Brother Ted Whitesell did a marathon demonstration in Australia, when he claimed that he not only gave sight to a young boy, cleared up several arthritic conditions, and cured astigmatism and stuttering cases, but lengthened 16 short legs as an encore! Furthermore, he said he often raised the dead. Whitesell himself is now dead.) The stunt is similar to one that is still a carnival mainstay. “The Man Who Grows” is the name of the act. In this performance, a man is revealed onstage who seems to fit his clothes well enough. He is seen to go into a “trance” and appears to grow by seven or eight inches, by which time his sleeves are far too short and his pants go to half-mast as well. The gimmick is simple: The man is dressed in a too-small suit, and only has to “scrunch down” while in a standing position. The suit appears to fit him at this point, but as he straightens up and swells out his chest, the bad fit becomes apparent. It is a striking illusion, often enhanced by a popping belt buckle and falling shirt buttons thrown in for further effect. Grant’s trick is even simpler. His subject must be wearing loose shoes; cowboy boots are far better. As the subject sits, Grant merely places his hand beneath the feet, twisting his hand so that one shoe is pulled slightly off the foot (the farther one) and the other shoe is pressed tightly against the sole (the nearer one). By reversing the twist, the farther shoe is pushed on against that sole and the two shoes—as well as the two feet!—are now seen to be the same length. Refer to the photograph section of this book. I have reproduced two leg-stretching pictures from Grant’s own publication. In the upper photo, the far (right) leg appears to be longer than the left one, judging from the position of the woman’s shoes relative to one another. In the lower photo, Grant is praising Jesus for having lengthened the left leg. Simple observation shows that it is not the left leg that has grown, but the right leg that has shortened ! Look at the photos carefully, and you will see that the left shoe did not move at all. The right shoe, pulled away from the foot, has simply been pressed back on again. This is further proved by the fact that the woman’s slacks have stayed in exactly the same position relative to her left foot! If Grant caused her left leg to grow, he also caused her pant leg to grow along with it. Polyester seems to be subject to faith as much as are flesh and bone. There is another trick used here as well. The illusion can also depend upon the fact that Grant swings the two legs away from the audience so that they are not truly at right angles to the audience, while the chair (and the person’s body) remains slightly turned toward the audience. This displaces the feet relative to one another, and they do not meet, the legs thus seeming to be of differing lengths. To cause the “growth” of the nearer leg, Grant simultaneously presses the loose shoe into place and swings the legs into line with the subject’s body. Accurate measurements of photographs of this trick prove that these are the methods used to produce the illusion of the growing leg. As mentioned earlier, cowboy boots are an advantage to the trick. The very fit of such a boot allows it to be pulled away from the foot for some distance. (It appears that Grant’s subjects get the notion about a too-short leg from their chiropractors, who frequently tell them that this discrepancy exists and prescribe a custom-made “lift” for the shoe. In my visits to chiropractors to examine their claims, I’ve had several such devices prescribed, some for one shoe, some for the other.)