- •Table of Contents
- •Also by James Randi The Truth About Uri Geller Houdini: His Life and Art (with Bert Sugar) Flim-Flaml Test Your esp Potential
- •Inquiries should be addressed to Prometheus Books, 59 John Glenn Drive, Amherst, New York 14228-2197, 716-691-0133, ext. 207. Fax: 716-564-2711. Www.Prometheusbooks.Com
- •1. Spiritual healing—Controversial literature. 2. Healers—Controversial literature. I. Title.
- •Isbn 0-87975-369-2
- •Foreword by Carl Sagan
- •Acknowledgments
- •Introduction
- •The Origins of Faith-Healing
- •A Plethora of Religious Flotsam
- •The Royal Touch
- •Valentine Greatraks, the “Stroker.”
- •The Most Famous Christian Shrine
- •Virgins Galore
- •The Afflicted Visionary
- •There Is a Baby in the Bath Water
- •The Problems of Examining Claims
- •A Remarkable Case from Lourdes
- •The Search for Evidence on Micheli
- •The Latest Official “Miracle”
- •Faith-Healing in Modern Times
- •The Pattern Is Established
- •A Similarity to Witchcraft
- •An Orthodox Service
- •It’s Magic
- •Sacred Babble
- •A Minor Test
- •The Most Important Ingredient
- •A Trick with Biblical Roots
- •The “Gift of Knowledge”
- •A Smooth Act
- •The Family Bible Tells All
- •A Disclaimer
- •The Art of Mnemonics
- •All Sorts of Trickery
- •The Church View
- •More Orthodox Views
- •How Do Their Associates Feel About the Faith-Healers?
- •Caution: Demons at Work
- •Send in the Demons
- •The Roman Catholic Bestiary
- •Christianity and Voodoo: Are They That Different?
- •An Early Skeptic
- •Anointing by the Anointed
- •A Lutheran Point of View
- •The Financial Aspects
- •God as Terrorist
- •Saved from the Unthinkable
- •Gold Bars and Cut Diamonds
- •A Very Private Matter
- •The Mail Operation
- •Living High on the Hog
- •Religion, Texas-style
- •Revelations of a Decorator
- •More Real Estate
- •High Living in Texas, Too
- •A Bold Admission
- •The Mail Operations of Faith-Healers
- •I Have a Little List
- •The Biggest Little Mail Room in California
- •The Eagle’s Nest Mail Room
- •The Tulsa Postman’s Burden
- •Copying a Good Idea
- •Faulty Computer Programming
- •A. A. Allen and Miracle Valley
- •A Disclaimer—Just in Case
- •A Colorful Start
- •A Tough Customer
- •The Evidence for Healing
- •The Dream Ends
- •The King Is Dead
- •A Fortuitous Encounter
- •Trouble in Paradise and a Touching Defense
- •Suspicious Signs and Wonders
- •A Man with a Lot of Enemies
- •The Preacher in Prison
- •Enter a New Character, the Reverend Peter Popoff
- •Caught in the Act
- •Back in the Saddle Again
- •A Simple Act to Follow
- •W. V. Grant and the Eagle’s Nest
- •The Big Operator from Big d
- •Diversity of Operations
- •The Elusive Truth
- •Miracle Time
- •How Blind Is “Blind”?
- •A Careful Observer
- •The Wheelchair Trick
- •A Theologian’s Opinion
- •Behind the Scenes
- •Does Grant Ever Heal Anyone?
- •An Unhappy Customer
- •The Pretending Game
- •Not Blind Enough to Be Deceived
- •The Media Attitude
- •A Devastating Exposé in Rochester
- •An Odd Coincidence
- •The Story Starts Falling Apart
- •The Haitian Orphanages
- •W. V. Grant Replies to wokr-tv
- •A Brother in Trouble
- •Another Well-Informed Reporter
- •The Trash Detail
- •A Sad Record of Problems with No Solutions
- •The Written Evidence
- •The “Leg-Stretching” Miracle
- •Celebrities at His Feet
- •A Disillusioned Employee
- •A Brooklyn Encounter with Grant
- •The Interior Decorator Tells All
- •Peter Popoff and His Wonderful Machine
- •A Rellglous Entrepreneur
- •A Major Exposure
- •The Leaflet Campaign
- •Revelations
- •Sophisticated Technology at Work
- •An Intended Deception
- •Case for the Defense
- •A Valuable Colleague
- •The Electronic Evidence
- •A Different Brand of People
- •They’ll Believe Anything
- •The Popoff Camp Answers by Mail
- •Backs to the Wall
- •An Unhappy Toiler in the Vineyard
- •And Then There’s the Other Sherrill Family
- •An Important Character
- •One Broken Promise Too Many
- •Electronics to the Rescue
- •The “Russian Bibles” Vandalism Scam
- •The Plot Thickens
- •The Vandals Strike
- •The Appeal to Repair the Devil’s Work
- •The Smoking Videotape
- •Selling the Snake Oil
- •The Damning Evidence of Popoff’s Personal Involvement
- •The Mail Campaign
- •No Refunds in the Religion Business
- •A Plea from a Colleague
- •A Similar Case in Chicago
- •Expert Advice Is Sought—and Ignored
- •High-Powered Mail
- •Oral Roberts and the City of Faith
- •A Losing Proposition
- •Divine Financial Advice
- •Get Thee Behind Me, Poverty
- •The Canvas Cathedral
- •Economy-Size Miracles
- •The Midas Touch
- •A Few Paradoxes and Second Thoughts
- •The Ultimate Presumption
- •A Word of Knowledge from Pat Robertson
- •The Political Power of the Evangelists
- •Other Wonders, Too
- •A Sour Note from a Colleague
- •A Redefinition
- •The tv Special to End Them All
- •The Psychic Dentist and an Unamazing Grace
- •Skimpy Evidence
- •Going to the Top
- •Trouble Down Under
- •Improving the Account
- •Dentistry by Alchemy
- •A Serious, Direct Health Hazard
- •The Shirley Temple of Faith-Healing
- •Six More Failed Examples
- •An Amazing Lack of Evidence and Loss of Memory
- •The Gift of Knowledge Backfires
- •Father DiOrio: Vatican-Approved Wizard
- •Down Syndrome “Cured”
- •A Superior’s Opinion
- •More Incredible Claims, But No Evidence
- •Sidestepping the Question
- •The Heavy Burden of Guilt
- •The Lesser Lights
- •Danny Davis
- •Kathryn (“The Great”) Kuhlman
- •Daniel Atwood
- •David Epley
- •Brother (Reverend) Al (Warick)
- •David Paul
- •Ernest Angley
- •The Happy Hunters
- •Practical Limitations of Medical Science
- •What Does Medical Science Offer?
- •The Attitude of Orthodox Physicians
- •The Experts Speak Up
- •The French Attitude
- •An Interested Anthropologist Looks at Faith-Healing
- •Evangelists as Friends
- •The Aim of Medical Science
- •Where Is the Evidence?
- •Ancient Precursors
- •What You See Is Not What You Get
- •An m.D. Refuses to Answer
- •A Nlneteenth-Century Case and Its Conclusion
- •Willful Blindness
- •The Case of Rose Osha
- •So What Harm Is Done, Anyway?
- •The Nature of the Ailments
- •The Elusive Proof
- •The Mystery of the Discarded Crutches
- •A Personal Experience in Canada
- •The Anthropologist’s View
- •Many Similar Conclusions
- •A Proudly Quoted Miracle
- •A Physician Answers My Request
- •The Newspapers Have a Go at It
- •Why Do They Continue to Believe?
- •A Poor Body of Proof
- •The Devil Known as Science
- •The Refusal to Know
- •A Religious Parallel
- •The Art of Rationalization
- •The Overlap of Magic and Science
- •The Placebo Effect
- •The Endorphin Effect
- •Psychotherapy vs. Faith-Healing
- •Keeping the Victims Dependent
- •Standards of Evidence
- •Oral Roberts Fails Examination
- •An Epilepsy “Cure” by Peter Popoff
- •A Nonexistent Tumor “Cured” by Peter Popoff
- •The Bare Facts
- •A Simple Challenge, Unanswered
- •Legal Aspects
- •Many More Cases of Dying Children
- •A Wise Statement Seldom Heeded
- •A Reluctance to Enforce the Law
- •Other Legal Concerns
- •Final Thoughts
- •An Update
- •Bibliography
- •Appendix Appendix I
- •Appendix II
- •Appendix III
- •Appendix IV
A Physician Answers My Request
On April 5, 1986, Peter Popoff brought onto his TV program a physician named William Standish Reed. This man did not offer Popoff any direct support of that particular ministry, but he chortled at the things that had been said against Popoff by me and by others. He openly pitied those who could not accept miracles and related in detail a wonder that he had seen happen in his organization, the Christian Medical Foundation International of Tampa, Florida. I wrote to Reed, asking four simple questions and guaranteeing that his answers, if any, would be published in full in this book. I will not bore you with his responses here, but because they are excellent examples of this sort of shilly-shallying, a copy of his letter may be found in Appendix II. However, I will mention one of Reed’s comments:With reference to the “lady patient” who suffered from ovarian cancer, this patient appeared on the Christian Broadcasting Network 700 Club on April 2, 1986 so her personal testimony has been on national television and therefore does not need my statements to further verify her cure.
Does Dr. William Standish Reed, M.D., M.S., really believe that “personal testimony” from a patient is sufficient evidence to prove a miracle? If so, how did he arrive at those standards of proof? And he was the woman’s doctor? When asked for information by another physician, he even refused to give this responsible colleague the name of the patient involved, citing “the doctrine of privilege”! We do not even know if that woman is still alive, let alone if she is cured.
The Newspapers Have a Go at It
On the rare occasions when the media have seriously attempted to investigate faith-healing, they have had no better success at finding genuine healings than scientific investigators have had. Back in April 1956, the Fresno (California) Bee surveyed those who had been treated by faith-healer A. A. Allen in a three-week revival meeting there. They covered some 400 miles, interviewing everyone they could find who had experienced Allen’s efforts. They found that some of the claimed illnesses were entirely imaginary in the first place and had been self-diagnosed. Though a few people still claimed they had been healed, not one case could be confirmed by any medical authority. Of those who had permitted Allen to quote their cases as examples of his powers, some confessed that their illnesses either had never really been cured or had returned. One Colorado victim had traveled 1,000 miles to get treatment from the evangelist, had been declared cured of liver cancer, and had returned home, only to die of the disease two weeks later. Perhaps media in other countries have a more skeptical point of view than those in America. In early October of 1986, ten million West German viewers sat entranced before their television sets as ZDF—one of the country’s two largest networks—offered them a program titled “Healing Currents That Flow Through the Entire Cosmos.” The periodical Der Spiegel called it “a new low point in television and at the same time a high point in healing promises, con artistry, and quackery.” The program featured a couple from Switzerland, the Wallimans, who held forth in a Hannover TV studio jammed with 2,000 paying guests, including many who were blind, asthmatic, and rheumatic, and a large number of cancer victims. Unknown to the TV audience, some 50 wheelchair patients were kept out of sight of the cameras. Bild, the West German equivalent of the National Enquirer, had run ads claiming that the audience would be seeing “today’s greatest faith-healers, live on television.” A prominent medical society, generally said to be right-wing, described the event as “deceptive medieval superstition”; Cologne’s archbishop, Joseph Höffner, was content to comment that the program made him “very uncomfortable.” Protestant pastor Wilhelm Haack declared that the show was “occultism” and “religious trickery, information from the far side of the moon, a massive advertising event for the Walliman family.” German newspapers were not deceived. The Hamburger Abendblatt thundered that the producers of the program had brought forth the “bluff of the year.” The Munich Abendzeitung reported:The mass healing was nothing but a flop. Truly, it is seldom that the fears and hopes of millions of sick people have been exploited in such a foolhardy manner. It is blasphemy for some, obscenity for others.... It is nothing more than an attempt at mass suggestion, a spiritualist seance presented under apologetic terms like “healing meditation” and “autogenic training.” ... No one kicked away a wheelchair, and no one regained mental capacity.
Professor Hoimar von Ditfurth, a science writer and physician with whom I have appeared on West German television, has long been a foe of these irrationalities. He said of the program: “[It is] a scandal that ZDF, under the temptations of high viewing ratings, threw their responsibilities overboard.” Even the presiding judge of the Circuit Court of the City of Mannheim was moved to comment to Der Spiegel: “The Federal Republic of Germany has become a training ground and a playground for magical healers.”