- •Table of Contents
- •Also by James Randi The Truth About Uri Geller Houdini: His Life and Art (with Bert Sugar) Flim-Flaml Test Your esp Potential
- •Inquiries should be addressed to Prometheus Books, 59 John Glenn Drive, Amherst, New York 14228-2197, 716-691-0133, ext. 207. Fax: 716-564-2711. Www.Prometheusbooks.Com
- •1. Spiritual healing—Controversial literature. 2. Healers—Controversial literature. I. Title.
- •Isbn 0-87975-369-2
- •Foreword by Carl Sagan
- •Acknowledgments
- •Introduction
- •The Origins of Faith-Healing
- •A Plethora of Religious Flotsam
- •The Royal Touch
- •Valentine Greatraks, the “Stroker.”
- •The Most Famous Christian Shrine
- •Virgins Galore
- •The Afflicted Visionary
- •There Is a Baby in the Bath Water
- •The Problems of Examining Claims
- •A Remarkable Case from Lourdes
- •The Search for Evidence on Micheli
- •The Latest Official “Miracle”
- •Faith-Healing in Modern Times
- •The Pattern Is Established
- •A Similarity to Witchcraft
- •An Orthodox Service
- •It’s Magic
- •Sacred Babble
- •A Minor Test
- •The Most Important Ingredient
- •A Trick with Biblical Roots
- •The “Gift of Knowledge”
- •A Smooth Act
- •The Family Bible Tells All
- •A Disclaimer
- •The Art of Mnemonics
- •All Sorts of Trickery
- •The Church View
- •More Orthodox Views
- •How Do Their Associates Feel About the Faith-Healers?
- •Caution: Demons at Work
- •Send in the Demons
- •The Roman Catholic Bestiary
- •Christianity and Voodoo: Are They That Different?
- •An Early Skeptic
- •Anointing by the Anointed
- •A Lutheran Point of View
- •The Financial Aspects
- •God as Terrorist
- •Saved from the Unthinkable
- •Gold Bars and Cut Diamonds
- •A Very Private Matter
- •The Mail Operation
- •Living High on the Hog
- •Religion, Texas-style
- •Revelations of a Decorator
- •More Real Estate
- •High Living in Texas, Too
- •A Bold Admission
- •The Mail Operations of Faith-Healers
- •I Have a Little List
- •The Biggest Little Mail Room in California
- •The Eagle’s Nest Mail Room
- •The Tulsa Postman’s Burden
- •Copying a Good Idea
- •Faulty Computer Programming
- •A. A. Allen and Miracle Valley
- •A Disclaimer—Just in Case
- •A Colorful Start
- •A Tough Customer
- •The Evidence for Healing
- •The Dream Ends
- •The King Is Dead
- •A Fortuitous Encounter
- •Trouble in Paradise and a Touching Defense
- •Suspicious Signs and Wonders
- •A Man with a Lot of Enemies
- •The Preacher in Prison
- •Enter a New Character, the Reverend Peter Popoff
- •Caught in the Act
- •Back in the Saddle Again
- •A Simple Act to Follow
- •W. V. Grant and the Eagle’s Nest
- •The Big Operator from Big d
- •Diversity of Operations
- •The Elusive Truth
- •Miracle Time
- •How Blind Is “Blind”?
- •A Careful Observer
- •The Wheelchair Trick
- •A Theologian’s Opinion
- •Behind the Scenes
- •Does Grant Ever Heal Anyone?
- •An Unhappy Customer
- •The Pretending Game
- •Not Blind Enough to Be Deceived
- •The Media Attitude
- •A Devastating Exposé in Rochester
- •An Odd Coincidence
- •The Story Starts Falling Apart
- •The Haitian Orphanages
- •W. V. Grant Replies to wokr-tv
- •A Brother in Trouble
- •Another Well-Informed Reporter
- •The Trash Detail
- •A Sad Record of Problems with No Solutions
- •The Written Evidence
- •The “Leg-Stretching” Miracle
- •Celebrities at His Feet
- •A Disillusioned Employee
- •A Brooklyn Encounter with Grant
- •The Interior Decorator Tells All
- •Peter Popoff and His Wonderful Machine
- •A Rellglous Entrepreneur
- •A Major Exposure
- •The Leaflet Campaign
- •Revelations
- •Sophisticated Technology at Work
- •An Intended Deception
- •Case for the Defense
- •A Valuable Colleague
- •The Electronic Evidence
- •A Different Brand of People
- •They’ll Believe Anything
- •The Popoff Camp Answers by Mail
- •Backs to the Wall
- •An Unhappy Toiler in the Vineyard
- •And Then There’s the Other Sherrill Family
- •An Important Character
- •One Broken Promise Too Many
- •Electronics to the Rescue
- •The “Russian Bibles” Vandalism Scam
- •The Plot Thickens
- •The Vandals Strike
- •The Appeal to Repair the Devil’s Work
- •The Smoking Videotape
- •Selling the Snake Oil
- •The Damning Evidence of Popoff’s Personal Involvement
- •The Mail Campaign
- •No Refunds in the Religion Business
- •A Plea from a Colleague
- •A Similar Case in Chicago
- •Expert Advice Is Sought—and Ignored
- •High-Powered Mail
- •Oral Roberts and the City of Faith
- •A Losing Proposition
- •Divine Financial Advice
- •Get Thee Behind Me, Poverty
- •The Canvas Cathedral
- •Economy-Size Miracles
- •The Midas Touch
- •A Few Paradoxes and Second Thoughts
- •The Ultimate Presumption
- •A Word of Knowledge from Pat Robertson
- •The Political Power of the Evangelists
- •Other Wonders, Too
- •A Sour Note from a Colleague
- •A Redefinition
- •The tv Special to End Them All
- •The Psychic Dentist and an Unamazing Grace
- •Skimpy Evidence
- •Going to the Top
- •Trouble Down Under
- •Improving the Account
- •Dentistry by Alchemy
- •A Serious, Direct Health Hazard
- •The Shirley Temple of Faith-Healing
- •Six More Failed Examples
- •An Amazing Lack of Evidence and Loss of Memory
- •The Gift of Knowledge Backfires
- •Father DiOrio: Vatican-Approved Wizard
- •Down Syndrome “Cured”
- •A Superior’s Opinion
- •More Incredible Claims, But No Evidence
- •Sidestepping the Question
- •The Heavy Burden of Guilt
- •The Lesser Lights
- •Danny Davis
- •Kathryn (“The Great”) Kuhlman
- •Daniel Atwood
- •David Epley
- •Brother (Reverend) Al (Warick)
- •David Paul
- •Ernest Angley
- •The Happy Hunters
- •Practical Limitations of Medical Science
- •What Does Medical Science Offer?
- •The Attitude of Orthodox Physicians
- •The Experts Speak Up
- •The French Attitude
- •An Interested Anthropologist Looks at Faith-Healing
- •Evangelists as Friends
- •The Aim of Medical Science
- •Where Is the Evidence?
- •Ancient Precursors
- •What You See Is Not What You Get
- •An m.D. Refuses to Answer
- •A Nlneteenth-Century Case and Its Conclusion
- •Willful Blindness
- •The Case of Rose Osha
- •So What Harm Is Done, Anyway?
- •The Nature of the Ailments
- •The Elusive Proof
- •The Mystery of the Discarded Crutches
- •A Personal Experience in Canada
- •The Anthropologist’s View
- •Many Similar Conclusions
- •A Proudly Quoted Miracle
- •A Physician Answers My Request
- •The Newspapers Have a Go at It
- •Why Do They Continue to Believe?
- •A Poor Body of Proof
- •The Devil Known as Science
- •The Refusal to Know
- •A Religious Parallel
- •The Art of Rationalization
- •The Overlap of Magic and Science
- •The Placebo Effect
- •The Endorphin Effect
- •Psychotherapy vs. Faith-Healing
- •Keeping the Victims Dependent
- •Standards of Evidence
- •Oral Roberts Fails Examination
- •An Epilepsy “Cure” by Peter Popoff
- •A Nonexistent Tumor “Cured” by Peter Popoff
- •The Bare Facts
- •A Simple Challenge, Unanswered
- •Legal Aspects
- •Many More Cases of Dying Children
- •A Wise Statement Seldom Heeded
- •A Reluctance to Enforce the Law
- •Other Legal Concerns
- •Final Thoughts
- •An Update
- •Bibliography
- •Appendix Appendix I
- •Appendix II
- •Appendix III
- •Appendix IV
A Simple Act to Follow
It seems that Jenkins is an excellent “cold reader.” It also appears, from what little information I have been able to gather, that he uses no mnemonic system or other more technical means for his “calling out,” though he undoubtedly makes use of any information that may come his way, whether by design or by chance. Many ailing people can be diagnosed even by an amateur, by watching their gait, their complexion, or their expressions. If Jenkins were obtaining names and addresses as well, without any data-gathering, I’d have to award him my prize. But I may never have that opportunity. As of this writing, he is still trying to collect from Peter Popoff the court settlement granted him, plus another $200,000 penalty. And, says Henry Eckhart, Jenkins’s lawyer, Popoff still owes his Ohio lawyers their fees for defending him, and Danny Jenkins has left his father’s ministry. With all of his ingenuity, charisma, and showmanship, Leroy Jenkins is just another of the bombastic actors in the sad charade that passes before us. Lots of faith—from the victims—but no evidence whatsoever that he produces any healing.
8
W. V. Grant and the Eagle’s Nest
Joseph Barnhart, professor of philosophy at North Texas State University, was one of those who gave me valuable assistance in my investigation of faith-healer W. V. Grant. As a result of his observations of this ministry and Grant’s techniques, Barnhart suggested a scenario that I have come to accept—though with some difficulty—because it satisfies all the evidence and it has been confirmed by my subsequent investigations. He contends that the faith-healing service functions as a significant drama for those who attend. This explains their willingness to believe what others see as obvious delusions. He says that we cannot divide the participants into “audience” and “performers.” The entire auditorium becomes a huge stage, with both the preachers and the believers taking part in the drama. A careful observer notices that almost everything in the drama leads up to the climax, the long-anticipated healing scene. It is a ritual of major magical importance to the participants. Barnhart points out that the afflicted person wants to get close to this magic. By pretending—earnestly—and by refusing to entertain any doubt, on his or her part or on behalf of another, the subject maintains and reinforces the myth that all of the actors have agreed to believe in, for their own reasons. The faith-healing service is a sort of mutually accepted morality play that is participated in without doubt or hesitation, for fear of breaking the spell.
The Big Operator from Big d
Walter Vinson Grant is a tubby, 40-year-old faith-healer now based in Dallas, Texas, at a quite modest (500-seat) “cathedral” he calls the Eagle’s Nest. He inherited his anointment from his father, a butcher turned tent-show preacher who was said to be very much against faith-healing. Grant Sr. wrote booklets full of trashy, juvenile, bigoted pseudo-religious pap that his son is still selling as if they were his own creations. The books rave about UFOs. demon possession, and psychic powers, predicting that men will never land on the moon because Lucifer and his devils live there. Winning titles among the 60 available (at 50 cents each) are The Great Dictator—The Man Whose Number Is 666, I Was a Cannibal, Men in the Flying Saucers Identified, Faith for Finance, and Freedom from Evil Spirits. Grant dresses in expensive and well-tailored business suits set off by monogrammed shirts and elegant jewelry. As he performs on stage, equipped with a stammer that he seems unable to cure (though he claimed to have “healed” it 20 years ago), he looks like prosperity personified. He must have a highly elastic wardrobe, as his girth oscillates grandly between visits to a North Carolina fat farm and a spa near San Diego. It was at this spa that Grant says he was approached by—of all things—a young deer that uttered words of prophecy to him, sort of a Delphic Bambi. Grant wanted to announce this on his TV show, but director Rod Sherrill says he talked him out of it. Grant runs his mail-order business from a post office box, selling a book titled God’s Answers for You (“made to sell for $30” but available for $15, “gold gilted [sic] edges” and all), tape cassettes of sermons, Bibles (“half-price this month”), record albums, and eight-tracks. Also available is a Bible course ($64), which offers the subscriber a purple and gold diploma as a real “Reverend” with an “honorary Doctor’s Degree” and a “license to preach” after certain “true-and-false [sic]” questions have been answered. Grant offers to take $2.00 off the price for anyone who gives him the “name of someone who wants this course.” Until recently, a popular item in his catalog was the “Jesus 8 Personalized Health Club Kit,” said to be a mixture of herbs, vitamins, and “7 Magic Minerals of Youth.” The accompanying literature promised to cure AIDS, among other problems. Grant Jr.’s history is uncertain at best. Consider what Grant Sr. wrote about his son’s early history and what the son recalls of his own youth. The father claimed that during one football game, Grant “was knocked unconscious that night. He played for half the game while he was unconscious, scoring three touchdowns.” Well, I hardly think that myth needs to be debunked. We are accustomed to impossible claims from the Grants. Suffice it to say that the school young Grant attended was W. B. Adamson High School in Dallas, and those three touchdowns don’t show up in the record books there. Grant Jr. tells reporters that he “led the state of Texas in scoring as a halfback ... and I had 77 full NCAA football scholarship offers.” He says that he scored an average of 22 points a game while at Adamson. These stories are firmly denied by the recollections of Adamson’s former coach, James Batchelor, who now works with the Dallas Cowboys football team. He recalls Grant well. “He was not the kind that would get 77 scholarships,” Batchelor says. The fact is that W. V. Grant did not receive offers from even one school, let alone 77. And no football player in the history of that school has had the record Grant invented for himself. Batchelor says Grant’s claims are “just not true,” and he regrets having to blow the whistle on him. Even Grant’s college degree is phony. He claims that he obtained it from “Midstates Bible College” in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1972. He displays the diploma on his office wall. But Midstates wasn’t then and isn’t now registered with the Iowa Department of Public Instruction, as all parochial and public schools are required to be. It wasn’t recorded with the secretary of state’s office in Iowa as a corporation; nor was it listed in the county recorder’s office. It didn’t even show up in the telephone directory!