- •Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
- •Conditionals and if - clauses. Type I (true in the present, past and future)
- •Type II– untrue (contrary to the fact) in the present or future
- •Начало формы Конец формы Начало формы
- •Sequence of tenses in conditionals.
- •Implied conditions. Exercise 64. Translate the sentences with implied conditions into Russian. Comment on the italicized forms.
- •Example: Without his wife’s constant support he would never have achieved his ambition.
- •Reviewing – Conditionals
- •Exercise 89. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
- •Example: Suppose the student sitting next to you drops her pen. What would you
- •– I would pick it up for her.
- •Unreal tenses and subjunctives.
- •Verb forms following wish.
- •2. What is something you can’t do, but you wish you could?
- •Verb forms following as if, as though
- •He looked at me as if he found it all hard to believe.
- •Verb forms following “that” clauses.
- •Exercise 141. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
- •Other useful phrases expressing various kinds of evaluation and emotions
- •Other useful phrases expressing various kinds of evaluation and emotions
- •Other useful phrases expressing various kinds of evaluation and emotions:
- •Verb forms following “lest / that” clauses.
- •Verb forms in the adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •Examples: I’d rather go to bed now.
- •You’d better close the window to keep off the rain.
- •What had we better do?
- •Hadn’t we better start at once?
- •Common expressions or formulaic subjunctives.
- •In Different Types of Adverbial Clauses. Principal clause Conjunction Subordinate clause
- •Contents conditionals and if - clauses……………………………3 type I ………………………………………………………………3
Sequence of tenses in conditionals.
Exercise 62. Say the following sentences in reported speech using the verbs assure, warn, explain, fear, suppose, etc. Observe the sequence of tenses in clauses of real condition. Follow the example:
Example: There’ll be an accident if the car doesn’t stop.
I feared (that) there would be an accident if the car didn’t stop.
I’ll understand you better if you don’t speak so quickly.
We’ll miss the newsreel if we are late.
His English will improve if he does the drills properly.
She will get there faster if she goes by plane.
You will make the sound softer if you press the volume control.
Father won’t get tickets to the hockey match if he doesn’t book them in advance.
We shall lose our way if we go to the forest alone.
They will get wet to the skin if it starts raining.
Exercise 63. Say the following sentences in reported speech using the verbs assure, warn, explain, fear, suppose, etc. Remember that the tenses in clauses of unreal condition remain unchanged. Follow the examples:
Example: If I bought her everything she asked for, I should be ruined.
He declared that if he bought her everything she asked for, he
would be ruined.
If she hadn’t trusted the doctor, she wouldn’t have come to the hospital.
She declared that if she hadn’t trusted the doctor, she wouldn’t have
come to the hospital.
If a burning match were dropped into the petrol tank, it would explode.
If she did her hair differently, she might look quite nice.
If I had realized that it was such a long way, I should have taken a taxi.
If he had extinguished his pipe before putting it into his pocket, he wouldn’t have burnt a hole in his coat.
If you didn’t know German, there would be little point in your buying this book.
If the driver had been careless, all the passengers would have been killed.
If he had left that dog alone, it wouldn’t have bitten him.
If he shaved more often, he would look a lot better.
Implied conditions. Exercise 64. Translate the sentences with implied conditions into Russian. Comment on the italicized forms.
1. Under other conditions we would have got along very well. 2. There must have been a weak strain in him. Otherwise he could have fought and conquered. 3. But it could not have been anything serious, or I should have remembered. 4. She would be happy to know all about the case. 5. Without me there would have been no victory. 6. She ran; otherwise she would have missed her bus. 7. I washed my things tonight. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have any clean clothes to wear tomorrow. 8. Thank God Tom has got the job, or else his family wouldn’t have enough money for food. 9. You were clever enough to stay in bed, or else your cold would have got worse. 10. But for him we should never have known this. 11. But for you, doctor, we’d have lost our daughter. 12. In her place I would have refused point blank.
Exercise 65. Complete the sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one printed before it.