Type II– untrue (contrary to the fact) in the present or future

Exercise 12. Translate into Russian according to the example:

Example: If I got an invitation to the reception, I would (should) go.

Если бы я получил приглашение на прием, я бы пошел.

If I were you, I wouldn’t eat so much chocolate!

На твоем месте я не ела бы столько шоколада.

1. If there were no clouds, we wouldn’t enjoy the sun. 2. If fools wore white caps, we would seem a flock of geese. 3. If riches were granted, even beggars would become rich. 4. If only these weather conditions continued, we should indeed have a perfect holiday. 5. Wouldn't it be better if you did everything yourself? 6. The motive cannot be obvious. If it were - why, then, truly the risk would indeed be too great to be taken! 7. I should be quite jealous if I were you. 8. If these belonged to me instead of the jeweler, I’d ram them down your ungrateful throat. 9. But I owe so much to you that I should be very unhappy if you forgot me. 10. I don’t believe I could utter one of the old sounds if I tried. 11. I wouldn’t marry you if you asked me. 12. I should be uneasy about you and her if she were less fond of Colonel Pickering. 13. Would you sleep well if you did not take some proper sleeping stuff? 14. If I told her about it myself, she wouldn't believe me. 15. If I were you, I should fear him. 16. If I remembered him, I should say so at once. 17. She would be annoyed if she were told so. 18. And what would you do if you were rich? 19. Would you tell them all if you were in my place? 20. If this country were invaded, would you fight for it? 21. You wouldn’t see the change unless you looked very close. 22. I shouldn't let them down unless it were quite unavoidable. 23. She would not help them if she weren't so sorry for them. 24. Would you come on Saturday if you had no work to do?

Exercise 13. Using the given information create conditionals as shown in the examples.

Examples A: I don't like to swim. I won't go to the beach.

If I liked to swim, I would/should go to the beach.

The weather isn’t warm to day. We won’t go hiking.

If the weather were warm today, we would go hiking.

Larry doesn't have time. He won't play tennis.

The teams aren't good. The game won't be exciting.

I'm not a superstar. I won’t be a rich man.

We don't live in Montreal. We're not hockey fans.

Tom doesn't have a lot of appointments. He doesn't need an

appointment book.

She doesn’t have a new car. She doesn’t drive a lot.

He doesn’t know us well. He won’t invite us.

We don’t like chicken. We won’t buy it.

I’m not cold. I won’t put on a sweater.

Dave doesn’t smoke. He won’t take cigarettes.

She doesn’t like opera. She won’t go to the opera house with us.

He doesn’t know my cousin. He won’t meet her at the station.

She doesn’t like coffee. She never buys it.

He doesn’t read English books in the original. He won’t improve his English.

He doesn’t try to save money. He won’t travel in summer.

I have no appetite. I won’t take more meat.

They are not here. I won’t talk to them.

Mary doesn’t earn much. She doesn’t buy anything new.

Jane hasn’t got a DVD player. She doesn’t watch many films.

Example B: I'm not a rich man, I worry about my bills.

If I were a rich man, I wouldn’t worry about my bills.

He's not an astronaut. He can't travel in space.

Inflation is low. The price of gold won't rise.

The teacher isn't here today. We won't have our test.

His high school grades aren't good. He can't get a scholarship

There's no ice cream on the menu. He orders pie.

Chinese is a very difficult language. Not many Americans study it.

Examples C: John doesn't have a good job. He's not happy.

If John had a good job, he would be happy.

He wants a better job. He worries about it.

He doesn't have computer skills. He can't get a job with a big firm.

They don't have a car. They take the subway.

He doesn't make enough money. He has to borrow from the bank.

He has a steady job. He can get a loan.

He's highly motivated. He'll be able to succeed.

Examples D: I'm good at tennis. I enjoy myself when I play.

If I weren't good at tennis, I wouldn't enjoy myself when I play.

He knows the town very well. He often shows strangers about it.

If he didn’t know the town so well, he wouldn’t show strangers

about it.

1. I like this T.V. show. I watch it every week.

2. Pete makes a lot of money. He lives in the best part of town.

3. John's car is almost out of gas. He has to stop at a gas station.

4. Susan enjoys reading. She buys a lot of books.

5. They sell coffee at the newsstand. I stop there on my way to work.

6. We love music. We go to a concert every week.

7. He lives near the University. It takes him ten minutes to get there.

8. The weather is nasty. We’ll stay indoors.

9. He earns a lot of money. He travels a lot.

10. He is a very interesting person. I always enjoy talking to him.

11. The plant is going to close down. Many people will be out of work.

12. The shrimps are good. We’ll take another helping.

13. We’ve got bicycles. We can go for a run in the country.

14. She has courage. She will tell the truth.

15. The flats are clearly numbered. It is easy to find anyone.

16. People drive very fast. There are so many accidents.

17. We have a ladder. We can get over the wall.

18. He has a map. He can direct you.

Example E: He smokes too much; perhaps that's why he can't get rid of his cough.

If he didn't smoke so much, he might (be able to) get rid of his cough.

or

If he smoked less he might (be able to) get rid of his cough.

1. She is very shy; that's why she doesn't enjoy parties.

2. He doesn't take any exercise; that's why he is so unhealthy.

3. I haven't the right change so we can't get tickets from the machine.

4. They speak French to her, not English, so her English doesn't improve.

5. He doesn't work overtime, so he doesn't earn as much as I do.

6. My number isn't in the directory so people don't ring me up.

7. The police are not armed so we don't have gun battles in the streets.

8. The shops don't deliver now, which makes life difficult.

9. He's very thin; perhaps that's why he feels the cold so much.

10. We haven't any matches so we can't light a fire.

11. It's a pity we have no steak to cook over our camp fire.

12. I'm fat; that's why I can't get through the bathroom window.

13. He doesn't help me, possibly, because I never ask him for help.

14. I can't drive so we can't rent the car.

15. People drive very fast. That's why there are so many accidents.

16. You don't wipe your feet, so you make muddy marks all over the floor.

17. I haven't much time so I read very little.

18. They don't clean the windows so the rooms look rather dark.

19. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart.

20. He doesn't pay his staff properly; perhaps that's why they don't work well.

21. We haven't got central heating, so the house is rather cold.

22. I have no dog, so I don't like being alone in the house at night.

23. He spends hours watching television; that's why he never has time to do the

house.

24. I haven't got a vacuum cleaner; that's why I'm so slow in cleaning the house.

25. I don't know his address, so I can't write to him.

My house is guarded by two Alsatian dogs. That's the only reason it isn't

broken into every night.

27. You work too fast; that's why you make so many mistakes.

English people speak very quickly. Perhaps that's why I can’t understand

them.

29. I live a long way from the centre; that's why I am always late for work.

30. I haven't a map so I can't direct you.

Exercise 14. Extend the following sentences using clauses of unreal condition referring to the present or future. Use the verbs suggested. Follow the example.

Example: You wouldn't be so fat ... (eat).

You wouldn't be so fat if you didn't eat so much.

She wouldn't be so boring ... (talk).

He wouldn't be so popular ... (travel).

It wouldn't be so wet ... (rain).

He wouldn't be so healthy ... (swim).

You wouldn't be so hoarse ... (shout).

They wouldn't be so strong ... (play football).

He wouldn't be so tired ... (work).

She wouldn't be so short-sighted ... (read)

Exercise 15. Keep the conversation going using clauses of unreal condition referring to the future.

A)

Example : What would happen if you bought a lucky lottery ticket?

(win a car)

If I bought a lucky lottery ticket, I'd probably win a car.

If I won a car ... (take a long journey).

If I took a long journey ... (travel about Europe).

If I travelled about Europe... (visit a lot of towns and cities).

If I visited a lot of towns and cities ... (meet different people).

If I met different people... (try to speak their languages)

If I met young people ... (speak about their life and work).

If I spoke about their life and work (get interesting information)

If I got interesting information ... (write an article).

If I wrote an article ... (publish it in the newspaper).

B) Using the following beginnings do the same as in A)

If I were a married man…

If I had a thousand dollars…

If the weather were better…

If I had a car of my own…

If I were President of…

If I could get any job I wanted…

If I were an English teacher…

If I could travel anywhere in the world…

If I were … years old again…

If it were the last day of my life…

Exercise 16. Extend the following statements. Use clauses of unreal condition referring to the present or future. Use the given suggestions.

Example: If she were late, he would get worried. (early)

If she were early, he wouldn't get worried.

1. If she were good-natured, she would be willing to help others. (ill-natured).

2. If she were younger she would take up mountaineering. (older).

3. If he were stronger, he would agree to work in the Far North for some years. (weaker).

4. If she were well-bred, she wouldn't forget to be the first to greet older people. (ill-bred)

5. If he were hardworking, she would help him. (lazy).

6. If he were tall, he would get the apple from the apple-tree. (short).

7. If she were just, I would tell her everything. (unjust).

8. If she were an unbiased (беспристрастный) critic, he would read his poems to her. (have a prejudice against).

Exercise 17. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. (Conditional clauses: Type II.)

A)

If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself.

If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes.

If I were sent to prison, you (visit) me?

He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often.

I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money.

If you drove your car into the river, you (be able) to get out?

What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house?

If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come).

I (be) ruined if I bought her everything she asked for.

If you slept under a mosquito net you (not be) bitten so often.

If we had more rain, our crops (grow) faster.

I (keep) a horse if I could afford it.

I (offer) to help if I thought I'd be any use.

What you (do) if the lift got stuck between two floors?

If you painted the walls white, the room (be) much brighter.

B)

1. If I (know) his address I'd give it to you.

2. If you (play) for lower stakes, you wouldn't lose so much.

3. I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) you.

4. If someone (give) you a helicopter, what would you do with it?

5. More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate.

6. If he (clean) his windscreen, he'd be able to see where he was going.

7. If you (not belong) to a union, you couldn't get a job.

8. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.

9. I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek.

10. If everybody (give) $1 we would have enough.

11. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.

12. If you (see) someone drowning, what would you do?

13. I could get a job easily if I (have) a degree.

14. If she (do) her hair differently, she might look quite nice.

15. The whole machine would fall to pieces if you (remove) that screw.

16. If they (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches there might be less violence.

17. If you (change) your job, would it affect your pension?

18. You wouldn't have so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly.

19. I'd climb over the wall if there (not be) so much broken glass on top of it.

Exercise 18. Change the following sentences of real condition into sentences of unreal condition.

Example: I shall take a bus if I am in a hurry.

I should/would take a bus if I were in a hurry.

1. If the storm is over, we shall have a pleasant walk.

2. If it grows cold, they’ll start heating the rooms.

3. He will let me know if he goes to Moscow

4. Harold will be late if he walks so slowly.

5. The dog will catch the stick if it is thrown into the river.

6. If it snows, the streets will be cleared of snow.

7. If the weather keeps dry, we’ll have to water the flowers.

8. We shall not see anything if the night is very dark.

9. The child won’t sleep if he has a high temperature.

10. The room will look warmer if the walls are painted yellow.

11. The dust and noise of the street will not reach us if the trees grow bigger.

Exercise 19. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form using the clauses of real and unreal condition.

1. Researchers are visiting Loch Ness next week to see if they can find signs of the Loch Ness Monster. I seriously doubt they will find anything. If they did actually manage to find something, I am sure they (become) world famous. 2. I am going to go to California next week on business. If I have enough time, I (visit) my friends in Los Angeles. 3. Sally has always been interested in pre-Columbian cultures. When she (go) to Mexico, she (visit) Chichen Itza, the most famous Mayan site in the Yucatan. 4. We are driving from Las Vegas to Death Valley next week by way of Pahrump, a town located on the edge of the infamous Area 51. Area 51 is well known for its UFO sightings. If I (see) any aliens, I will be sure to take a picture for you. Just kidding! 5. I am afraid I won't be able to come to your wedding next week because my company is sending me to New York to attend a trade show. I (miss, never) your wedding if I (have) a choice in the matter. 6. I (interpret) for you at the conference tomorrow if I (be) not already scheduled to work at the UN. I have a friend who (do) it for you if she (be) not busy. Why don't I give her a call to see what her schedule is like? 7. The mountain climbing team (attempt) to conquer Mount Everest next month if the weather conditions (be) suitable. I (join) them in the ascent if I (can). Unfortunately, I broke my leg last month while training in Alaska. 8. If Sarah (go) to university, she (be) the first person in her family to get an advanced education. She has applied to many schools, but she really wants to go to MIT. If she (get) accepted to the university, she (move) to Boston to study astrophysics. 9. If mankind (do) not do something about the destruction of the rain forest, global warming (cause) dramatic changes in weather conditions all over the world. 10. Even if they managed to convince him to run for President in the next election, he (be, never) elected. His ideas are too dramatic and unconventional to be accepted by the mainstream.

Exercise 20. Answer the following questions:

1. If a classmate asked you for the answer to a question during an exam while the teacher was not looking, what would you do?

2. If someone's underwear were showing, would you tell them?

3. If the whole world were listening, what would you say?

4. If you could ask God any one question, what would it be?

5. If you could be a bird, what would you choose to be?

6. If you could be a plant, what would you choose to be?

7. If you could be a superhero, which one would you be?

8. If you could be an animal, what would you choose to be?

9. If you could be another person for a day, who would you be?

10. If you could be invisible for a day what would you do and why?

11. If you could change one thing about your spouse or significant other, what would it be?

12. If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be?

13. If you could change one thing in the world, what would it be?

14. If you could choose to live on a different planet, which one would you choose?

15. If you could commit a crime and get away with it, what would you do?

16. If you could date a celebrity, who would you choose?

17. If you could have only one food for the rest of your life (assuming that this strange situation would not affect your health), which food would you choose?

18. If you could speak any other language (besides English) which language would you like to speak?

19. If you could spend a day with any celebrity, who would it be and what questions would you ask that person?

20. If you could take a vacation anywhere in the world for any length of time, where would you go?

21. If you could travel back in time, where would you go?

22. If you found a suitcase full of $1,000,000, what would you do?

23. If you had 25-hour days (while everyone else continued to have 24-hour days), what would you do with the extra time?

24. If you had one wish, what would it be?

25. If you had the opportunity to be different, what would you change?

26. If you had time machine, where would you go and why?

27. If you had to choose between a wonderful romantic relationship that would end after only a year, or a so-so relationship that would last your entire life, which one would you choose?

28. If you had to choose, would you give up your sight or your hearing?

29. If you received lottery tickets as a gift at the office party, and you won $30,000.00, would you share the winnings with the person that gave you the gift?

30. If you saw a robbery, would you report it?

31. If you saw your zipper was down and people had noticed, what would you do?

32. If you were a candy, what candy would you be?

33. If you were a monster, what monster would you be?

34. If you were a toy, what toy would you be?

35. If you were abducted by aliens, would you tell anybody? Why or why not?

36. If you were asked to choose which time you would like to live in, which century would you choose?

37. If you were asked to speak to a graduating class, what would you say?

38. If you were given a chance to go to the moon, would you go? Why or why not?

39. If you were given a choice between being given great wisdom or great wealth, which would you choose?

40. If you were given an opportunity to be born again, in which country would you like to be born?

41. If you were given an opportunity to be born again, what kind of person would you choose to be?

42. If you were given one million dollars, what would you buy?

43. If you were given three wishes, what would you wish for?

44. If you were going to a desert island and could only take three things with you, what would you take? Why?

45. If you were invited to have tea with the Queen of England, what would you say?

46. If you were the President, what problem or concern would you work on first?

47. If you woke up suddenly because your house was on fire, which three things would you save as you ran outside?

48. If you worked for a store and you saw another employee steal something, would you tell the manager?

49. What kinds of problems would you have if you always had to tell the truth?

50. What if your cell phone fell in the toilet, what would you do?

Exercise 21. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. Of course I'm not going to give her a diamond ring. If I (give) her a diamond ring, she (sell) it.

2. Tom: I woke up to find the room full of smoke, but I knew exactly

what to do.

Ann: If I (wake) up to find the room full of smoke, I (have) no idea

what to do.

3. Ann: I couldn't live without Tom. If he (go) off with another girl, I (pine) away (чахнуть) and die. But I have complete confidence in Tom.

4. Husband: But I'm not going on a diet. Why should I go on a diet?

Wife: If you (go) on a diet, you (lose) weight.

4. If someone (say), "I'll give you $500 to go into court and swear that this statement is true," what you (do)?

5. If we (work) all night, we (finish) in time; but we have no intention of working all night.

6. You must never blow out a gas light. Do you know what (happen) if you (blow) out a gas light?

7. If I (see) a tiger across Hyde Park, I (climb) a tree. ~ That (not be) any use. The tiger (climb) after you.

8. If I (come) across two men fighting with knives, I (call) the police.

~ But this is a very peaceful area.

Ann: All your clothes are years out of date. Why don't you throw them away?

Mary: Don't be ridiculous! If I (throw) my clothes away, I (have)

to ask my husband for $1,000 to buy new ones.

Ann: If you (ask) him for $1,000 what he (say)?

Mary: He (be) too horrified to speak at first. But when he

(recover) from the shock, he probably (start) talking about a

divorce.

10. If someone (ring) my door at 3 a.m., I (be) very unwilling to open the door.

11. If I (see) a python in Piccadilly, I (assume) it (escape) from a circus.

12. Tom: The plane was on fire so we baled out.

Ann: I don't think I (have) the nerve to do that even if the plane (be) on fire.

We train the children to file out of the classroom quietly, because if a whole class (rush) at the door, someone (get) hurt.

Why don't you buy a season ticket? ~ Because I lose everything. If I (buy) a season ticket, I (lose) it.

Why don't you bring your car to work? If I (have) a car, I (bring) it to work.

16. Jack: They get $150 a week.

Tom: They can't get $150 a week. If they (do), they (not be) striking for

$120.

17. Ann: George is fourteen.

Tom: He must be older than that. He's in a full-time job. If he (be) only

fourteen, he still (be) at school.

18.He is staying at the Savoy in London. ~ Is he very rich? ~ I suppose he is. If

he (be) a poor man, he (not/stay) at the Savoy.

19. If I (have) heaps of money, I (drink) champagne with every meal.

~ If you (drink) champagne with every meal, you soon (get) tired of it.

20.But I don't want to buy an elephant! ~ I know that. But where you

(go) if you (do) want to buy one?

Why don't you get a cat? If you (keep) a cat, the mice (not/run) about everywhere.

What time of year do you think it is in the picture? Summer? ~ No, it must be winter. If it (be) summer, the people (not/sit) round that big fire.

Your notes are almost illegible. Why don’t you type them? If you (type) them, they (be) a lot easier to read.

A university degree is a useful thing. If I (have) a university degree, I now (sit) in a comfortable office instead of standing at a street corner selling newspapers.

If the earth suddenly (stop) spinning, we all (fly) off it.

I have no particular desire to win the Football Pools. If I (win) an enormous sum, everybody (write) to me asking for money.

Why do you always talk to your son in such a scornful manner? If I (be) in your shoes, I (not/be) so rude.

Exercise 22. Complete the sentences.

A)

1. If I could have a dinner with a celebrity, I …

2. If air travel were less expensive, I …

3. If everyone in the world spoke the same language …

4. If countries open their borders to everyone …

5. If I could take six month’s paid vacation starting tomorrow, I …

6. If you changed your job, you …

7. If we bought a house in the country, we…

8. If you took the shoes back to the shop, they…

B)

9. What … if you were in my shoes?

10. If …, I wouldn’t think of changing my job.

11. How would you react if…?

12. If only you would read more carefully, … .

13. Do you think I would be telling you this if …?

14. I wouldn’t buy the picture even if… .

15. Even if he knew the truth, what …?

16. If only he would admit he was wrong, … .

Exercise 23. Put in Type II conditionals.

LYING IN THE SUN.

Two tramps, Eugene and Sergio, are lying in the sun.

Eugene: What (we/doing) if the sun (not/shining)?

Sergio: Well, (we/not be) lying here for a start. But that’s not the important

question. The important question is: what (we/do) if (we/be) rich?

E: If (we/be) rich, we (can/travel) everywhere.

S: True, but we travel everywhere already.

E: Yes, but not in style. If (we/have) money, our chauffeur, James

(can/drive) us round in our Rolls. Imagine, if (we/be) in that position!

(We/return) to our fine mansion in the country.

S: Yes, the butler (put out) fresh clothes for us, the cook (prepare) a fine meal for

us. We (not just be eating) carrots all the time.

E: Yes. If (we/own) a house like that, (we/also have) a fine swimming pool.

S: Yes! Yes! If (we/have) a fine swimming pool, we (can swim) as much as we

liked.

E: If (we/be) really really rich, we (can lie) in the sun!

S: But we are lying in the sun!

Exercise 24. Translate into English.

I. Что бы вы делали,

1. если бы посередине пустыни в вашей машине закончился бензин?

2. если бы вы жарили котлеты, и сковорода внезапно вспыхнула?

3. если бы вы шли по лесу, и вашего спутника укусила бы змея?

4. если бы вы подобрали на дороге человека, а он вынул бы нож и приказал вам убираться из машины?

5. если бы неслись вниз по склону горы, и у вас отказали тормоза?

6. если бы ночью ваша машина съехала бы в реку и начала быстро тонуть вверх дном?

7. если бы вы проснулись ночью в спальне на верхнем этаже вашего особняка и увидели, что загорелись занавески?

8. если бы посреди огромного поля неожиданно увидели злого быка, явно направляющегося к вам?

II. 1. Если бы наш климат был более стабильным, то многие люди не страдали бы от резких перемен погоды. 2. Если бы она умела хорошо готовить, то её муж был бы счастлив. 3. Если бы я жил в Африке, то ел бы одни фрукты : бананы, апельсины, ананасы. 4. Розы стояли бы гораздо дольше, если бы ты добавила в воду две столовые ложки сахара. 5. Если бы она носила короткие юбки, то выглядела бы гораздо моложе. 6. Если бы ты встретился с ней, то влюбился бы в неё. Она прелесть! 7. Будь у них больше общих интересов, то их жизнь была бы интереснее. 8. Мир был бы намного здоровее, если бы все магазины, продающие химикаты, были закрыты. 9. – Нина, что сказала бы мама, если бы увидела тебя сейчас? – Она бы меня убила! 10. Если бы у меня был хороший словарь, я бы тратил меньше времени на переводы. 11. На вашем месте я бы выбрал другую работу. 12. Мне нравятся эти часы. Если бы они были дешевле, я бы купил их. 13. Я уверен, что вы бы делали меньше ошибок, если бы лучше знали грамматику. 14. Если бы решение этого вопроса зависело от меня, я бы помог вам. 15. Если бы Дэнни выехал завтра пораньше, то он был бы в Нью-Йорке уже к вечеру. 16. На вашем месте я бы не спорил. 17. Я бы не согласился на это предложение, если бы я был на месте Ларри. 18. Если бы он не тратил так много денег, ему не пришлось бы брать в долг. 19. Он не приезжал бы в этот город каждое лето, если бы ему там не нравилось. 20. Мне больше нравился бы здешний климат, если бы дождь не шёл так часто. 21. Что бы вы делали, если бы были на моем месте?

TYPE III– untrue (contrary to the fact) in the past.

Exercise 25. Translate into Russian.

Example: If I hadn’t been sick yesterday, I would /should have gone to

class.

Если бы я не был болен вчера, я пошел бы на занятия.

1. If the mother hadn't left the scissors on the floor, the kid wouldn't have cut his finger. 2. Do you think your pretty wife would have married you if she had known that? 3. You mean that you would not have done so if you had known that you were being watched? 4. I am sorry that you have been ill; I wouldn't have bothered you with my problems if I had known that. 5. He would have been a saint, if he hadn't been just a little too intellectual. 6. If you had not come here, I would have gone back. 7. And if I had seen anything I should have said so at the inquest. 8. If he had asked me the same question that day, I would have given him the same answer. 9. If I had known as much this morning, I certainly would not have called on him. 10. I think we have misunderstood each other; of course I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious. 11. If he had had the luck to be born ten years later, he would have avoided all this horror. 12. I'd have believed every word of that story if it had not been for that black glove. 13. They would have run their farm quite peacefully if it had not been for the rumours of the possible earthquake. 14. If George had gone to the party last night, he would've seen Bell there. 15. Would you have gone to Rio if you had known it was going to be so hot there? 16. Matthew wouldn't have left the children alone for too long if it hadn't been so necessary to see the doctor. 17. How much would you have spent on your holiday tour if you had gone business class instead of economy?

Exercise 26. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.

1. I'd have gone to see you ... a) if I had known your address 2. The accident wouldn't b) if she had had enough money on her

have happened ...

3. They would have come c) if I had known that he was expecting my

to our party… call

4. She would have bought d) if I had known you were ill.

that necklace ...

5. We wouldn't have watched e) if you had witnessed the crime?

that programme ...

6. Tom would've been late f) if she hadn't been wearing a seat-belt.

for his interview ...

7. He wouldn't have become g) if you had checked everything before the

a teacher … departure

8. No one would've bothered h) if the driver in front hadn't stopped so

you ... suddenly.

9. I'd have sent you a postcard i) if he had missed the train.

while I was on holiday ...

10. He would've never asked j) if he had left some clues, but he hadn't.

you to give him a lift ...

11. She would've been injured k) if we had known it would be so boring.

in the crash ...

12. I would've phoned him l) if he had understood how hard

yesterday… it was going to be.

13. I wouldn't have fallen off.. m) if you had told us you wanted to sleep. .

14. The man would've been n) if we hadn't forgotten to invite them.

arrested long ago ...

15. You wouldn't have left o) if he hadn't been in such a hurry

your tickets ...

16. What would you have p) if someone had been holding that ladder!

done ...

Exercise 27. Change the following sentences according to the example:

Example: If it didn't rain, we'd go for a walk. (yesterday)

If it hadn't rained yesterday, we'd have gone for a walk.

1. They would come if you invited them. (last night)

2. If you weren't so careless, you wouldn't make such a foolish mistake. (then)

3. If they were present, we would discuss it with them. (last Monday)

4. If it were sunny, we'd go to the beach. (the day before)

5. If she were ready, she would take her exam. (last week)

6. If Gerry weren't so busy, I'd ask him to help me. (in the morning)

7. If you had a spare ticket, I'd see the performance. (yesterday)

8. If I knew English better, I'd work as an interpreter (then)

9. If Phil practiced more, he'd play the guitar better.(at the concert)

10.If I had time, I'd go shopping with you. (yesterday)

11.He would fill in that form if he didn't forget about it. (at the airport)

Exercise 28. Comment on the following situations using if - clauses.

Example: I didn’t enjoy school, so I didn’t do very well.

If I had enjoyed school, I would have done well.

1. John ate too much birthday cake, so he was sick.

2. The house didn’t burn down because the fire brigade came immediately.

3. The men were wearing protective clothing, so they were all quite safe.

4. I was sweating because it was so hot.

5. My father didn’t earn much money, so life wasn’t easy for us.

6. My friend didn’t invite me, so I didn’t go to the disco.

7. It rained heavily outside, so she didn’t sleep well.

8. I was short of money, so I didn’t buy a new pair of shoes.

Exercise 29. Complete the sentences.

A)

1. If the ads had said something about the noise from traffic ...

2. If the form had been filled in correctly...

3. If someone had told us about the change earlier…

4. If more children in Sally’s class had been more friendly to her…

5. If they hadn't left their money at home ...

6. If he hadn't lent Jim his money ...

7. If he hadn't got up so late ...

8. If his wife hadn't bought a new coat ...

9. If the film hadn't been so interesting ...

10. If the problem hadn't been so urgent ...

11. If I hadn't passed my exam ...

12. If she hadn't reminded me about his birthday ...

B)

1. We would have flown to California…

2. We would have stayed in San Francisco longer…

3. I would have taken photos of all the sights…

4. Nick’s parents would have chosen a nicer apartment…

5. She would have spent all her money on sweets…

6. They would have closed the shop long ago…

7. 10.Elliot wouldn’t have stolen the car radios…

8. 11.He wouldn’t have been sent to prison…

9. 12.We wouldn’t have won the game against St John’s…

10. 13.I wouldn’t have got in touch with them…

Exercise 30. Read the following situations and say what you would have done. Explain why you would have behaved in this way.

Fifteen-year-old Sue won two tickets for a trip round the world. She gave them to her parents.

Mrs. Cornfield hit the dog that jumped at her and made her dress dirty.

John didn’t take his car to the garage although he noticed that it used too much petrol.

Paul drove home along a lonely country road last night. At the side of the road somebody was repairing his car. Paul didn’t stop; he drove on.

Exercise 31. The Chain Story Game. Continue the story according to the example:

Example: If I hadn't gone to a party last night, I wouldn't have gone to

bed late. If I hadn't gone to bed late, I wouldn't have forgot ten

to set the alarm. If I hadn't forgotten to set the alarm, I

wouldn't have got up late... etc.

You may use the following beginnings:

- If I had gone to London last summer ...

- If I had gone to Disneyland last summer ...

- If I hadn't forgotten about the interview ...

- If we hadn't missed the train ...

- If he had given up smoking last year...

Exercise 32. Put in Type III conditionals.

BOTH RIGHT AND BOTH WRONG.

The black car screamed round the corner on the wrong side of the road and passed a white car doing exactly the same thing in the other direction. Both drivers stopped and got out of their cars. “If I (be) on my side of the road, you (kill) me,” driver A shouted. “But you weren’t on your side of the road,” driver B shouted back. “If you (… driving) more carefully, you (not be) on the wrong side of the road. “ If I (know) what was round the corner, I (keep) to my side of the road,” driver A said. “If you (know) what was round the corner, you (…not driving) so carelessly”. Suddenly both men stopped shouting and driver A said very quietly “If we both (not be) on the wrong side of the road, we (be) dead now.” Without speaking a further word, both men shook hands and drove away.

Exercise 33. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1. If Joan (see) him waving, she (wave) him back.

2. The secretary (send) the telex if the manager (ask) her to do it.

3. I (not/be) late for work yesterday if I (have) an early night the day before

yesterday.

4. We (spend) more time in Edinburgh if we (know) more about the city when we

were booking the tour.

5. If we (stay) in Las Vegas longer, we (lose) all our money.

6. If we (take) our children with us, they (love) it!

7. If I (buy) the car earlier, it (cost) less than now.

8. I (spend) less time on this work if I (have) a better dictionary.

9. If I (know) that it was going to rain, I (take) an umbrella.

10. I (not/take) this tour if they (not/provide) a guide.

11. If Jane (not/forget) to wind up her watch, she (not/be late) for the interview.

12. I (phone) you yesterday if you (be) in town.

13. I (not/catch) a cold if I (have) my coat on.

14. She (not/scold) me if I (come) in time.

15. If he (know) the exam would be so difficult, he never (take) it.

16. He failed to appreciate our difficulties. He (behave) differently if he

(realize) the situation.

Exercise 34. Translate into English.

1. Если бы вы взяли такси, вы бы приехали на вокзал вовремя. 2. Если бы ваше предложение было получено на прошлой неделе, мы бы приняли его. 3. Этого бы не случилось, если бы вы были там. 4. Если бы вы пришли пораньше, вы бы ещё застали моих родителей. 5. Если бы они не отказались помочь, мы бы вчера уже закончили работу. 6. Если бы вы читали книгу, то вы бы лучше поняли фильм. 7. Если бы задание было не таким сложным, студенты выполнили бы его гораздо быстрее. 8. Если бы я взял с собой видеокамеру, то снял бы хороший фильм во время путешествия. 9. Если бы я был в городе, когда твой брат приезжал, я бы повидался с ним. 10. Алан не принял бы это предложение, если бы не нуждался в деньгах. 11. Лорейн не вышла бы за него замуж, если бы не была уверена в том, что это будет хороший брак. 12. Я бы не начала читать эту книгу, если бы мне её не порекомендовали. 13. Дэвид никогда бы не поступил в университет, если бы не занимался историей в школе. 14. Никто бы не заподозрил его в краже, если бы он уничтожил отпечатки пальцев. (fingerprints). 15. Вы бы не разбили вазу, если бы были осторожны. 16. Мы, возможно, не заблудились бы, если бы ночь не была такой темной. 17. Я бы не упал, если бы не было так скользко. 18. Если бы я задержался еще на один момент, я не знаю, что я мог бы наговорить. 19. Возможно, он чувствовал и вел бы себя иначе, если бы обстоятельства были иными. 20. Если бы пошел дождь, я бы промокла до нитки, так как на мне было очень легкое платье. 21. Пьеса понравилась бы мне больше, если бы она не была такой длинной. 22. Я бы никогда не подумал, что это возможно, если бы не увидел этого своими глазами.

Exercise 35. Translate into English. Pay attention to whether the situation refers to the present or to the past.

I. 1. Собака не укусила бы тебя, если бы ты её не дразнил. Перестань плакать. 2. Даже если бы сегодня не было так холодно, я бы не пошла кататься на лыжах. 3. Если бы ты слушал объяснение внимательнее, ты бы не сделал так много ошибок. 4. Если бы ты не вмешивался, они бы уже давно помирились. 5. Было бы меньше несчастных случаев, если бы детей обучали правилам уличного движения. 6. Вы бы лучше знали язык, если бы больше читали. Вы мало читаете. 7. Даже если бы у меня был тогда словарь, я бы не стал им пользоваться во время контрольной работы. 8. Было бы сейчас потеплее, мы бы пошли на озеро купаться. 9. Он не знал, как серьезно он болен. Но даже если бы и знал, он не прекратил бы эксперименты. 10. Он был так рад вас видеть. Он был бы рад, даже если бы вы не привезли ему игрушки. 11. Если бы я сказал что-нибудь подобное твоей тётушке, она сочла бы меня сумасшедшим. 12. Мэри у нас. Я думаю, было бы хорошо, если бы ты пришел её навестить. 13. Если бы кто-нибудь спросил меня, в чем состоит его особый дар, я бы не знал, что ответить. 14. Она была бы рада, если бы матушка позволила мне провести этот месяц с ними. 15. Если бы у нас не было багажа, мы могли бы дойти до станции пешком. 16. Если б её муж был тут, она бы была счастлива. 17. Если б она работала более упорно, она бы больше зарабатывала. 18. Что бы они делали, если бы я не одолжил им денег? 19. Если бы я встретил её раньше, я не женился бы на ней. 20. Врачи помогли бы тебе, если бы ты слушал их рекомендации. 21. Если бы вы попросили их помочь, они бы не отказали вам. 22. На твоем месте я бы уделял больше внимания жене.

II. 1. Мы бы пошли на вечеринку, если бы нашли няню для малыша. 2. Если бы мы их увидели, мы бы отдали им ключи. 3. Если бы у меня было больше денег, я бы дал тебе взаймы. 4. Если бы дети были тут, они помогли бы родителям. 5. Он бы разозлился, если бы увидел тебя здесь. 6. Я бы подвез тебя, если бы моя машина не была сломана. 7. Если бы она узнала правду, она была бы счастлива. 8. Если бы он не был занят, он помог бы нам. 9. Я научился бы водить машину, если б она у меня была. 10. Кто бы еще мог это сделать, если б тебя не было здесь?

MIXED conditional forms.

If I am as clever as you say I am, I would have been rich by now.

Type I + Type III

If you knew me better, you wouldn’t have said that.

Type II + Type III

If I had had your advantages, I’d be better off now.

Type III + Type II

Exercise 36. Join these sentences to form clauses of unreal condition. Mind that in this mixed type the condition should refer to the past and the consequence to the present or future. Follow the example:

Example: You didn’t take your medicine yesterday. You are still ill.

If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be well now.

1. You changed the channels of the TV set over and over again yesterday. Now the set is out of order.

2. You didn’t buy a washing machine last month. You wash your linen by hand.

3. He ate a lot of ice-cream yesterday. He has a sore throat.

4. She didn’t follow the instructions when washing the jumper. It’s too small now.

5. They didn’t leave by the morning train. They are not here yet.

6. You had your hair set yesterday. It looks so charming now.

7. She gave her blouse a colour rinse. It doesn’t look faded.

8. I promised my wife to take my child from the day-care center. I can’t go to the football match with you now.

Exercise 37. Join these sentences to form clauses of unreal condition. Mind that in this mixed type the condition should refer to no particular time and the consequence to the past. Follow the example:

Example: He is so absent-minded. He forgot where he had put his

railway ticket.

If he were not so absent-minded, he wouldn’t have forgotten where he

had put his railway ticket.

1. The boy likes modeling so much. He joined the modeling club.

2. He is so careless. He spoiled his new suit.

3. He is so clever. He made a scientific discovery.

4. She cares for her old aunt so much. She invited her to spend the summer at her country house.

5. She is so forgetful. She didn’t tell him about the telephone call.

6. You are so shy. You didn’t make friends with anybody at the youth hostel.

7. He is so self-disciplined. He was able to work and study at the same time.

8. The child loves animals so much. He brought a puppy home yesterday.