Verb forms in the adverbial clauses of purpose.

Exercise 162. Translate into Russian. Mind that the adverbial clauses of purpose are introduced by the conjunction in order that/(so) that, and the predicate is expressed by may or can + infinitive, and the rules of sequence of tenses are observed. If the verb in the adverbial clause is in the negative form, should + infinitive is preferred, and in literary style we sometime find in this case the conjunction lest, after which should + infinitive (rarely just bare infinitive) is used, and the verb is in the affirmative form.

Example: Here is my telephone number in order that/so (that) you may

contact me any time.

Вот мой телефон, чтобы вы могли в любое время со мной

связаться.

He drew a plan of the village so that she might be able to find his

house easily.

Он нарисовал план деревни, чтобы она смогла легко найти его

дом.

She is learning English so that she can study in Canada.

Она изучает английский язык, чтобы учиться в Канаде.

The men hurried with their work so they could get off the planet.

Люди спешили закончить работу, чтобы поскорее убраться с

этой планеты.

Leave early so that you won’t (don’t) miss the bus.

Выходи раньше, чтобы не опоздать на автобус.

He wore glasses and a fake beard so that nobody would

recognize him.

На нем были очки и накладная борода, чтобы никто его не узнал.

I put her downstairs so she shouldn’t be in the way.

Я устроила ее внизу, чтобы она мне не мешала.

She clenched her teeth lest she should cry.

Она сжала зубы, чтобы не расплакаться.

1. He ran lest hesitation should grip him again. 2. She dared not move lest she betray her presence. 3. He held his breath lest he should be discovered. 4. "I did not know about it," he said rather hastily, lest the other should feel hurt. 5. The guard watched them lest any one try to escape to the freedom. 6. We had to keep inside the ship for a while lest we lose any of our men. 7. I had to lie so that he might not have an opportunity of seeing you. 8. She said it that you might be able to come. 9. Wounds sometimes must be opened in order that they may be healed. 10. He had an early breakfast that he might catch the first tram. 11. She implored him to marry her that the child might have a name. 12. We wear these oxygen hel­mets so we can't introduce our bacteria into their atmosphere. 13. My mother tied my boots together when she packed them, so I could not lose them one without the other. 14. He took me away to England at once, so that I should never hear anything that could remind me of her. 15. The holes were bored in the boat so that the boat should sink. 16. I took the dog down­stairs so it shouldn't be in the way. 17. He merely rang that you should show me out. 18. I’ll take my umbrella so that I won’t (don’t) get wet.

Exercise 163. Put in the correct forms of the words in brackets using Subjunctive Mood or modal phrases.

1. Try to come early so that I ... time to see you alone. (have) 2. He followed her into the room and shut the door that the servants ... (hear) 3. I put on my hat so that I ... to come up again. (have) 4. She told her old friend this much, in order that there ... no misunderstanding. (be) 5. He turned the bills around so that the man ... them all properly. (see) 6. He sat quite still, not daring to move lest he ... the chain of thought that followed the first idea. (break) 7. They crept behind the bushes so that they ... a watch upon the place. (keep) 8. And the car too was drawn up behind the wall so that it ...from the road. (see) 9. I did not say a word lest I ... her again (upset) 10. They stood aside so that the procession ... (pass). 11. I was afraid lest the boy …the article already.(read) 12. They came nearer to the stage in order that they … the actor well. (see) 13. You must do the exercise in the written form lest you … spelling mistakes in the dictation. (make) 14. Please, speak up so that everybody … you. (hear)

Exercise 164. Answer the following questions.

1. What do you do when the room is stuffy in order that it shouldn’t be?

2. What do they wrap in shops every piece of crockery for?

3. Why do we often take a taxi when we have little time left?

4. Is there any special reason why he took the precautions?

5. What is the point of keeping a notebook if your memory has not failed you so far?

6. For what purpose is the sign of danger put up in some places?

Exercise 165. Complete the following sentences. Make use of the suggested words and phrases.

1. Would you like to go to the buffet … (we, have lunch together)? 2. She asked me to buy some vegetables … (she, mix salad). 3. Helen had her birthday party in a restaurant … (she, treat her guests to many tasty things). 4. I suggest buying ice-cream … (our children, have a treat). 5. I called a waitress … (she, take my order) 6 He helped his wife to wash up … (it, not take much time). 7. Would you see to the meat in the oven … (it, not be overdone)? 8. The man put one lump of sugar into his tea … (it, not be sweet). 9. The woman gave him a piece of bread … (he, not look hungry). 10. She ate plenty of vegetables … (she, not put on weight). 11. He ordered only one course … (he, not waste money). 12. He wore a thick pullover … (he, catch cold). 13. They wrapped the vase in cotton wool … (it, be broken). 14. The mother kept her little boy away from the other children … (he, catch scarlet fever). 15. She kept the girl in bed for two days more … (she, have complications). 16. We left the note on her table … (Helen, miss it) 17. We’ll invite him too … (he, feel offended). 18. He drew a plan of the place for us… (we, get lost). 19. He tied the dog to the tree … (it, bite anybody). 20. I took all necessary precautions while washing the jacket … (it, shrink).

Exercise 166. Combine the ideas by using so (that).

Example: Please turn down the radio. I want to be able to get to sleep.

Please turn down the radio so (that) I can get to sleep.

My wife turned down the radio. I want to be able to get to sleep.

My wife turned down the radio so (that) I could get to sleep.

1. Put the milk in the refrigerator. We want to make sure it won’t (or doesn’t) spoil.

2. I put the milk in the refrigerator. I wanted to make sure it didn’t spoil.

3. Please be quiet. I want to be able to hear what Liza is saying.

4. I asked the children to be quiet. I wanted to be able to hear what Liza was saying.

5. I’m going to cash a check. I want to make sure that I have enough money to go to the market.

6. I cashed a check yesterday. I wanted to make sure that I had enough money to go to the market.

7. Lynn and Andy have a five-year-old child. Tonight they’re going to hire a babysitter. They want to be able to go out with some friends.

8. Last week Lynn and Andy hired a babysitter. They wanted to be able to go to a dinner party at the home of Andy’s boss.

9. Be sure to put the meat in the oven at 5:00. You want to be sure that it will be (or is) ready to eat by 6:30.

10. Yesterday I put the meat in the oven at 5:00. I wanted it to be ready to eat by 6:30.

11. I’m going to leave the party early. I want to be able to get a good night’s sleep tonight.

12. When it started to rain, Harry opened his umbrella. He wanted to be sure he didn’t get wet.

13. The little boy pretended to be sick. He wanted to stay home from school.

14. A lot of people were standing in front of me. I stood on tiptoes. I wanted to see the parade better.

Exercise 167. Complete the sentences in the left column with the ideas in the right column. Mind the verb forms following so that.

1. Fred borrowed an eraser so that … a) wash my clothes

2. I turned on the radio so that … b) read the fine print at the

3. I need to buy some detergent so that … bottom of the contract

4. Josh fixed the leak in the boat so that … c) not sink

5. Mr. Tan is studying the history and d) erase a mistake in his

government of Germany so that … composition

6. Ms. Lemon put on her reading glasses e) travel in Europe next

so that … summer

7. Madge is taking a course in auto f) listen to the news

mechanics so that … g) see the dancers in the

8. Stan is working hard to impress his street

supervisor so that … h) fix her own car

9. Phil is saving his money so that … i) become a German citizen

10. During the parade Hugh lifted his j) be considered for a

daughter to his shoulder so that … promotion at his company

Exercise 168. Change the structure of the following sentences so as to use the Subjunctive Mood.

1. She turned away to avoid her daughter’s eyes. 2. The soldier stood up for me to sit down. 3. I kept a diary in order to enter the wonderful secrets of my life. 4. They spoke in a whisper so as not to wake anybody in the ward. 5. We’ll start earlier for them not to find us here. 6. You should close the door or the window otherwise there will be a draught. 7. He’ll have a car sent down to your place tonight to take you to the station. 8. They kept the gate closed for the cows not to get into the garden. 9. The boy stood aside for her to go by. 10. Father repeated it for us not to misunderstand him. 11. He watched Easter carefully not to let her commit some mistakes. 12. We need a place where we could spend our holiday. 13. He bought her a soft and most comfortable armchair for her to relax. 14. He has to wake me up very early for me to arrive at work in time. 15. When my child is asleep we never talk in a loud voice for him not to wake up. 16. She put on her bright evening dress for him to notice her at once.

Exercise 169. Complete the following sentences adding a principal clause.

1. … so that the children shouldn’t touch the stove.

2. … in order that they might be able to discuss the matter alone.

3. … that I can work till late at night.

4. … so that he can hear what I have to say.

5. … so that he could be ready to leave for Los Angeles the moment he finished.

6. … so it could go in my memoirs.

7. … so that you may familiarize yourself with the subject.

8. … so that they should not guess his plan.

9. … so that they might get acquainted informally.

10. … lest anyone should escape.

Exercise 170. Complete the following sentences with the adverbial clause of purpose.

1. She interfered with their argument … .

2. The hunters made a fire … .

3. The scouts avoided using wireless … .

4. He was in two minds whether or not he should warn them … .

5. Put down the knife … .

6. Spell out his name once more, please, … .

7. I am telling you all this …

8. You must have a good rest …

9. We are in a hurry … .

10. He came earlier than he had promised … .

11. All the participants were officially warned … .

Exercise 171. Translate into English.

1. Анна надела парик и темные очки, чтобы никто не узнал её. 2. Водитель гнал машину на предельной скорости из боязни, что может опоздать к самолету. 3. Я пригласил всех своих родственников на юбилей, чтобы никто не обиделся. 4. Запишите мой номер телефона, чтобы не забыть его. 5. Приходи вовремя, чтобы не пропустить начало матча. 6. Он шел быстро, чтобы не опоздать к ужину. 7.Она вышла из комнаты, чтобы никто не увидел, что она расстроена. 8. Он остановился, чтобы никто не подумал, что он собирается бежать. 9. Я должен был это сделать, чтобы не испугать детей. 10. Мы придем пораньше, чтобы помочь тебе с вещами. 11. Мне пришлось придумать все это, чтобы иметь возможность уехать. 12. Привяжи собаку, чтобы она кого-нибудь не покусала. 13. Пойдем на озеро, чтобы дети могли искупаться. 14. Покажи мне это письмо, чтобы я тебе могла поверить. 15. Он ушел, чтобы никому не мешать. 16. Напиши родителям пару строчек, чтобы они не волновались. 17. Приходи пораньше, чтобы мы смогли поговорить. 18. Сконцентрируйтесь, чтобы не наделать ошибок в тесте. 19. Поставь сигнализацию, чтобы машину не угнали. 20. Я объясню это ещё раз, чтобы не было недопонимания. 21. Агент опасался, что его могут разоблачить. 22. Петя, придержи панаму рукой, чтобы её не сдуло ветром! 23. Уберите подальше деньги, чтобы они не пропали. 24. Скажи мне ещё раз твой точный адрес, чтобы я больше не ошибался. 25. Он изложил план очень подробно, чтобы всё было ясно и не вызывало сомнений. 26. Зажгите еще одну люстру, чтобы в зале было светлее. 27. После смерти поэта в его квартире ничего не переставлялось, чтобы все выглядело так, как было при его жизни. 28. Она сделала вид, что ищет что-то в бумагах, чтобы никто не заметил её волнения. 29. Заслышав гул моторов, они моментально погасили огонь, чтобы противник не обнаружил месторасположение отряда. 30. Стены собора были недавно отреставрированы, с тем, чтобы фрески вновь обрели cвой прежний вид. 31. Он решил выйти из дому заранее, с тем, чтобы мы встретились около станции. 32. Мы торопились в контору, чтобы управляющий не ушел. 33. Говорите громче и яснее, чтобы все вас слышали даже в заднем ряду. 34. Она рассказала нам о своих впечатлениях, чтобы мы поняли, что она чувствует. 35. Лектор говорил медленно для того, чтобы мы могли записать основные мысли. 36. Зажгите свет, чтобы мы все могли посмотреть фотографии.

SET EXPRESSIONS used to denote unreality.

WOULD RATHER/SOONER (‘d rather/sooner)

HAD BETTER (‘d better)

WHY NOT…