- •Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
- •Conditionals and if - clauses. Type I (true in the present, past and future)
- •Type II– untrue (contrary to the fact) in the present or future
- •Начало формы Конец формы Начало формы
- •Sequence of tenses in conditionals.
- •Implied conditions. Exercise 64. Translate the sentences with implied conditions into Russian. Comment on the italicized forms.
- •Example: Without his wife’s constant support he would never have achieved his ambition.
- •Reviewing – Conditionals
- •Exercise 89. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
- •Example: Suppose the student sitting next to you drops her pen. What would you
- •– I would pick it up for her.
- •Unreal tenses and subjunctives.
- •Verb forms following wish.
- •2. What is something you can’t do, but you wish you could?
- •Verb forms following as if, as though
- •He looked at me as if he found it all hard to believe.
- •Verb forms following “that” clauses.
- •Exercise 141. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
- •Other useful phrases expressing various kinds of evaluation and emotions
- •Other useful phrases expressing various kinds of evaluation and emotions
- •Other useful phrases expressing various kinds of evaluation and emotions:
- •Verb forms following “lest / that” clauses.
- •Verb forms in the adverbial clauses of purpose.
- •Examples: I’d rather go to bed now.
- •You’d better close the window to keep off the rain.
- •What had we better do?
- •Hadn’t we better start at once?
- •Common expressions or formulaic subjunctives.
- •In Different Types of Adverbial Clauses. Principal clause Conjunction Subordinate clause
- •Contents conditionals and if - clauses……………………………3 type I ………………………………………………………………3
Exercise 141. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. It was recommended that the citizens (keep) indoors. 2. It is necessary that the parcel (be delivered) to them this very evening. 3. Is it really important that I (see) her? 4. My dear, it isn't desirable that he (come) here. 5. It was arranged that the actors (arrive) first. 6. It is advisable that during the performance the doors (be shut) 7. It was very important that the people (not see) what was going on. 8. It was ordered that all of them (keep) silent. 9. It was intended that the room (remain) vacant. 10. Is it necessary that we all (stay) here? 11. It had long been decided that I (spend) a forth year at Cambridge doing psychology. 12. It was demanded that I (tell) them all that had passed at the conference. 13. It was suggested that we (stay) where we were till it was light. 14. It was arranged that I (pick) up Hudson at his flat after lunch.
Exercise 142. Translate into English.
1. Необходимо, чтобы они остались здесь до завтра. 2. Нужно, чтобы вы все прочли эту книгу. 3. Желательно, чтобы вы повидались с ними завтра же. 4. Хотелось бы, чтобы кто-нибудь из вас помог ей. 5. Очень важно, чтобы все узнали об этом незамедлительно. 6. Нужно, чтобы это письмо было передано секретарю сегодня же. 7. Приказано, чтобы все явились в офис к десяти часам. 8. Было решено, что практика начнется с первого октября. 9. Требуется, чтобы кто-нибудь из студентов помог библиотекарю. 10. Было решено, что в эту субботу занятий не будет. 11. Требовалось, чтобы все прошли тест в тот же день. 12. Было предложено, чтобы все присутствующие подписали соглашение. 13. В конце концов было решено, что они устроят вечеринку. 14. Вдруг ему показалось страшно важным, чтобы они не оставили его одного. 15. Было условлено, что мы встретимся у него на квартире. 16. Это был твой совет, чтобы мы выбрали именно этот банк.
2. A)
Is it (should) do
possible that smb
It is/was not should have done
B)
is may do/may have done
It was possible that smb
will be might do/might have done
Other useful phrases expressing possibility/probability:
It is possible возможно, может быть
impossible невозможно, не может быть
hardly possible вряд ли, едва ли
probable вероятно, может быть
improbable вряд ли, едва ли, не может быть
hardly probable едва ли, вряд ли, маловероятно
likely вероятно
unlikely едва ли, вряд ли, маловероятно
hardly likely -//-
Exercise 143. Comment on the use of the verb forms in “that” clauses subordinated to the principal clause with it as subject. Translate into Russian.
1. It’s quite possible that they may come tomorrow. 2. It's probable that he may have thought of it before he died. 3. It was likely that the boat might still come. 4. It was possible that he might have been annoyed by the procedure. 5. Is it likely that she should come too? 6. Is it possible that you should have forgotten all about your promise? 7. It was impossible that Pat should have given up all her fine plans. 8. It seemed quite possible that she might marry the captain. 9. It's utterly unlikely that tomorrow the beast should be better than today. 10. It's quite likely that he may return by tomorrow. 11. Is it possible that his life be changed for the better now? 12. It wasn't possible that the boy should have been seen there. 13. It's possible that we may still be in time. 14. It was possible that he might be at home yet. 15. It is quite probable that she may have left her umbrella at the office. 16. It was likely that their car might have been stopped by the police. 17. It was possible that the weather might change. 18. It is possible that the letter may not have been posted in time. 19. It was possible that their car might be repaired before long. 20. It's possible for you to leave tomorrow. 21. It is possible they may have been promised a better job. 22. It was possible he might have no time to pack properly. 23. Is it possible to predict what will happen in Russia?
Exercise 144. Fill each gap in the sentences of the right column with the correct form of the word in the left column.
(a) It's still possible that the weather … change
in a day or two. (b) It was possible that the
boy ... his mind.
(a) It's impossible that they ... Mother tell
of our loss. (b) It was impossible that they ... those lies again.
(a) It is possible that Uncle John ... leave
already. (b) It was possible that all hope ... them by that time.
(a) It is still possible that we ... there get
in time. (b) It is possible that the horse ... out of the stable while the door was left open.
(a) Is it probable that he ... the man be
who did it? (b) It is quite probable that all this ... true.
(a) It is utterly improbable that he ... say
it to anybody. (b) It is hardly probable that they ... anything even when they were pressed.
(a) It seems unlikely that the weather ... grow
milder at all these days. (b) It was not likely
that they ... corn in such a place.
Exercise 145. Complete the sentences in the right column using the suitable verb phrases from the left column:
1. I think it's quite possible they... . be late, drop, work too
2. Look at the clock! It's hardly possible much, come yet, get up she ... . so early, not tell the truth,
3. It's raining so heavily. I think it's quite miss the last bus, not likely it ... . know what time it is, be
4. The boys aren't back yet. It's possible here before noon, not stop
they ... . till evening
5. It's too late. I think it's quite unlikely they ... .
6. When will they arrive? Is it likely they ... ?
7. The girl is a great liar. It's quite possible she ...
8.You look tired. Is it possible you ... ?
9. Is Mary back yet? It is likely that she ...
10.He likes the job. It's hardly possible
that he ... .
Exercise 146. Translate into English:
1. Вполне возможно, что они все-таки приедут к обеду. 2. Он сказал, что, возможно, приедет попозже. 3. Вероятно, они уже дома. 4. Неужели возможно, что он обвиняет тебя? 5. Похоже, завтра будет холодно. 6. Возможно, дети уже проснулись. 7. Вероятно, машину уже починили. 8. Возможно ли, чтобы он опоздал на самолет? 9. Вероятно, он очень устал. 10. Возможно, все это время он готовился к испытаниям. 11. По всей вероятности, они сейчас сплетничают о твоем новом знакомом. 12. Похоже, все мои планы будут изменены. 13. Было вполне вероятно, что я совершил глупую ошибку. 14. Нельзя было исключить, что они согласятся с этим планом. 15. Возможно, он сейчас в городе. 16. Вполне вероятно, что он уже видел этот фильм. 17. Было возможно, что он потерял адрес. 18. Было возможно, что я поступала с ними слишком несправедливо. 19. Было вполне возможно, что они находились на пути к городу. 20. Вполне возможно, что теперь они чувствуют себя неловко. 21. Возможно, он вернется очень скоро. 22. Было вполне вероятно, что их машина потерпела аварию. 23. Я подумала, что, похоже, они опоздали на поезд. 24. Было маловероятно, что они разошлись. 25. Это просто невозможно, чтобы ты меня там видел. Я никогда не был в тех краях.
3. A).
It is quite natural that the child should be so gay
Вполне естественно, что ребенок так весел.
It was odd that they should have missed such sight.
Было странно, что они пропустили такое зрелище.
Other useful phrases expressing various kinds of evaluation and emotions (surprise, mistrust, doubt, disapproval, annoyance, fright, etc.)
It is strange странно, непонятно
queer -//-
singular странно, необычно
curious любопытно
astonishing -//-
surprising поразительно, удивительно
absurd абсурдно, глупо
doubtful невероятно
incredible -//-
unbelievable -//-
natural естественно
understandable понятно
characteristic характерно
right справедливо, правильно
annoying досадно
unpleasant неприятно
unfortunate -//-
pleasant приятно
wonderful чудесно
marvelous -//-
sad печально, грустно, жаль
cruel жестоко
shameful стыдно, отвратительно
monstrous чудовищно
terrible ужасно
awful -//-
appalling -//-
B)
It was a nuisance that she should miss the concert.
Было досадно, что она пропустит концерт.
It is a surprise that they should have arrived at the place of destination.
Удивительно, что они уже прибыли к месту назначения.