Exercises

1. Give the Russian terms and then the English equivalents of the following definitions. Choose from the list of the English terms.

Carbon dioxide Carbon capture and storage the food chain

acid rain fossil fuels carbon footprint

stratospheric ozone depletion Cap-and-trade (emission trading)

1. … is rain mixed with sulphuric, nitric and other acids formed   by gases released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned (factory smoke, cars, etc.). It is considered responsible for damaging forests and crops, and is particularly harmful to fish and other aquatic life in rivers and lakes.

2. … a method of mitigating the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global warming, based on capturing CO2 from large point sources such as coal-fired power plants. The goal is to store the CO2 permanently away from the atmosphere, typically in underground geologic formations.

3. … a colourless, odourless, non-poisonous gas that is a  normal part of the air.   It is absorbed by plants and exhaled by humans and animals.  It is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.

4. Fuels that are formed in the ground from the remains of dead plants and animals. Oil, natural gas and coal are all … .

5. A representation of the relationship between plants and animals showing   what eats what (for example: grass, mouse, snake).   Energy is passed from one organism to another through … .

6. A … is the total set of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an organization, event or product. For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted.

7. … involves the trading of emission allowances, where the total allowance is strictly limited or capped. Emission trading is an administrative approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. A company is allowed to have a specified level of pollution; they can sell and trade. If a company exceeds their limit, they can buy credits to decrease global warming elsewhere.

2. Give Russian and English equivalents to the following definitions. Choose from the list of the English terms given below.

1. Destruction of forests to make land for agriculture.   Cutting down trees, which provide oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide,   is seen as a cause of increased greenhouse effect.   It also entails the destruction of animal habitats.

2. It is made by people or resulting from human activities. This term is usually used in the context of emissions that are produced as a result of human activities.

3. It is an area designated to receive household garbage, solid waste and construction debris.  Also referred to as a garbage dump.

4. A community of plants, animals and other organisms living in an area which provides what they need in order to survive.  The different species depend on the environment and the environment depends on them. It can be as small as a tiny pool or as large as a huge desert.

deforestation ecosystem

anthropogenic landfill