- •260302.65 "Технология рыбы и рыбных продуктов"
- •Оглавление
- •Введение
- •Part 1. History and present day of fish industry unit 1. Fishing industry text 1
- •The fishing industry of Russia
- •The Ocean
- •The composition of sea water
- •A) Blue fields of Russia
- •B) Russian seafood supply
- •The protection and regeneration of fish stocks and the regulation of fishing: Problems and solutions
- •Unit 2. Fish industry in the murmansk region text 1
- •Fish processing enterprises of the Murmansk region and the perspectives of their assortment's widening
- •Northern Fish-Producers Union (nfpu)
- •"Protein"
- •Unit 3. My speciality is a technologist
- •My speciality is a technologist
- •Supplementary texts for reading text 1
- •The Saami and their traditional trades
- •A good climate for fishing in the North
- •Small business in the fishing industry
- •Ten years of growth for Murmansk value-added processor
- •Fish farms: Underwater factories. Problems of the industry
- •Part 2. Fish and fish products unit 1. Fish for human consumption
- •Fish as a food
- •Fish for human consumption
- •Average composition of fish
- •Unit 2. Chemical composition of fish
- •Chemical composition of fish
- •Unit 3. Physical properties of fish text 1
- •Physical properties of fish
- •Body structure of fish
- •Unit 4. Commercial fishing and commercial species of fish text 1
- •Commercial fishing
- •Some important commercial fishes
- •Characteristics of fish as raw material for industry
- •Appendix
- •Part 3. Fish processing unit 1. Chilling and freezing text 1
- •Fishing vessel refrigeration
- •Replacing ozone-depleting refrigerants
- •Ice & refrigeration
- •Ice Dispenser
- •Slurry-Ice: An opportunity in quality improvement
- •Unit 2. Salting text 1
- •Principles of fish salting
- •Producers strive for quality
- •Unit 3. Drying and smoking text 1
- •Drying and smoking processes
- •Smoked fish
- •Smoking fish at home
- •Unit 4. Canning text 1
- •Canning of fish
- •Modernisation of ship's can production line
- •Unit 5. Marinating text 1
- •Marinade depositor "ups sales"
- •Unit 6. By-products text 1
- •Fish oil and its supplements
- •Unit 7. Environmental management text 1
- •Environmental policy
- •Environment: For troubled fishing industry, less is more
- •Ecological problems
- •Литература
Fish farms: Underwater factories. Problems of the industry
"We don't take what Mother Nature throws at us. This is a factory for fish".
Bill Evans, Vice President of Mariculture Systems, Inc., Salmon-farming company
Fish farming, or "aquaculture", has become a billion-dollar industry, and more than 30 percent of all the sea animals consumed each year are now raised on these "farms". The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization reports that the aquaculture industry is growing three times faster than land-based animal agriculture, and fish farms will surely become even more prevalent as our natural fisheries become exhausted.
Aquafarms can be based on land or in the ocean. Land-based farms raise thousands of fish in ponds, pools, or concrete tanks. Ocean-based aquafarms are situated close to shorelines, and fish in these farms are packed into net or mesh cages. All fish farms are rife with pollution, disease, and suffering, regardless of their location. Aquafarms squander resources – it can take 5 pounds of wild-caught fish to produce just 1 pound of farmed fish – and pollute the environment with tons of fish feces, antibiotic-laden fish feed, and diseased fish carcasses.
Fish on aquafarms spend their entire lives in cramped, filthy enclosures, and many suffer from parasitic infections, diseases, and debilitating injures. Conditions on some farms are so horrendous that 40 percent of the fish may die before farmers can kill and package them for food. In short, fish farms bring suffering and ecological devastation everywhere they go.
Many land-based aquafarms are indoors, so farmers even control the amount of light that fish get. These farmed fish will spend their entire lives crammed together, constantly bumping against each other and the sides of their grossly overcrowded cage.
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions:
Why has fish farming become so popular?
Where can aquafarms be based?
What is the difference between aquafarms based on land and in the ocean?
What are the problems of fish growing on the farms?
What are the conditions of fish growing?
Are there any fish farms in our region?
What products do they produce?
What measures should be taken to improve the situation?
Have you ever tasted fish grown on the farm?
Is there any difference in the wild fish and fish grown on the aquafarms?
Part 2. Fish and fish products unit 1. Fish for human consumption
Exercise 1. a) Read and translate international words without a dictionary:
protein, human, a human, selection, composition, texture, dietary, complimentary, reputation, reproduction, information, to accumulate, recommendation, element, total.
b) Check if you remember the meaning of these words:
species, source, essential, content, herring, haddock, halibut, salmon, shellfish, pollock, catfish, tuna, include, phosphorus, calcium, iron, vitamin, mercury, lead, chlorine, bromine, dioxin, seafood.
c) Read and translate the following word combinations:
to some extent, modern techniques, the right proportions, a good selection, a very nutritious part, nervous system, similar amounts, poor quality, high fat content, pelagic fishes.
d) Give all the possible synonyms to the following words:
essential, extreme, improvement, issue, taste, to develop, to keep, heart-friendly, toxin, to consume, to change.
e) Give the antonyms to the following words:
unfortunately, misconceptions, undoubtedly, different, to increase, polluted, modern, a human, healthy, to be rich in.
Exercise 2. Read and memorize the words from the text below:
refer, v |
направлять; отсылать; относиться |
lumped |
сосредоточенный; концентрированный |
flavour, n |
вкус, привкус |
purport, v |
означать; значить, обозначать |
fallacy, n |
обман, хитрость |
nutritious, adj |
питательный |
nutrient, n, adj |
питательное вещество; питательный |
since, prp |
с тех пор; так как |
oily, adj |
жирный |
highlight, v |
ярко освещать; высвечивать; отводить главное место; выдвигать на первый план |
cause, n, v |
причина, основание; послужить причиной, поводом |
contaminate, v |
загрязнять; отравлять |
essential amino acids |
незаменимые аминокислоты |
freeze, v |
замораживать |
store, v |
хранить |
advisory, n |
информационное сообщение, сводка, предупреждение об опасности |
Exercise 3. Read and translate the text.