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МУ по грамматике для экономистов.doc
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Послідовність часів

Головні речення

Підрядні речення

Час дії

в підрядному

реченні

присудок у

Past Indefinite

Присудок у Past Indefinite, Past Contiuous,

Past Perfect, Future - in-the-Past

they prepared a contract (готують)

they were preparing a contract

Співпадає з

дієсловом

I knew

that

they had prepared a contract

(підготували)

передує

дієслову

they would prepare a contract

(підготують)

Відноситься до

майбутнього

EXERCISES

Ex 1. Перекладіть речення на українську/російську мову, дотримуючись правил узгодження часів.

I

1. We considered that he could act as leader of our consorthium. 2. He said that they had discussed the insurance problem. 3. We asked who would pay expenses. 4. He answered that the expenses were included in the cost of the projects. 5. I thought that we should sign the contract at 10 o'clock in the morning. 6. I knew that they considered the offer in detail. 7. He said that the credit could be granted for 10 years.

II

1. The chief executive said that the 1998 promotional budget would not necessarily be reduced to the same extent as income.2. Siam City Cement, Thailand's second largest cement producer, said yesterday that it lost $ 148 m in the third quarter of this year.3. Industry analysts said that the company was affected by foreign exchange losses on $ 590 m of foreign debt. 4. National Bank chief executive confirmed that investment management activities were no longer part of the company's core direction.5. The financial director stressed that the capital expenditure had been financed from cash flow.6. The company said that the CPE would contribute about $ 70m to turnover. 7. He knew that the bank had strongly increased revenues from its deposits. 8. The chairman said he was considering selling some small operations and would seek partners in other areas.

COMPLEX SENTENCES (СКЛАДНІ РЕЧЕННЯ)

Типи підрядних речень і сполучники, якими вони вводяться

Підрядні

речення

підрядні

присудки

Сполучиики:

That, if , whether

Сполучні займенники:

Who, what, which

Сполучні прислівники:

When, where, how, why

How the system will work depends on many factors.

The question is who has to pay for goods.

Our chief knows that he has a good staff.

підрядні

Відносні займенники:

Whom, which

Відносні прислівники:

When, where, how, why

Price is the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue.

Підрядні

обставини

часу

Сполучиики:

When, as soon as, while, as,after, before, till, untill

When the GNP increases there are more available things for the American people

місця

Where, wherever

Prices help to determine where factories will be built

причини

Because, by reason, so, as, since

Since everybody is here we can start our meeting

мети

In order to,( that), for, (so) that, lest

I tell you all this in order you understand me perfectly

умови

If, unless, provided

If wages get too low, workers can’t afford to buy what is produced

допусто

вості

Even , though, although, despite that

GNP may increase even though the production of goods is unchanged

Способу дії

How, the way, as

Scientists are interested in the way the system works

порівняння

Than, as…as

He did this work faster, than they had expected

наслідку

So that

Japanese firms pour money into production improvements so that they can offer more and better products than the competition