- •Stone age on the territory of Kazakhstan. Divisions into periods, archaeological monuments. Main characteristics.
- •Bronze Age Stone age on the territory of Kazakhstan. Divisions into periods, archaeological monuments. Main characteristics.
- •Saks tribal unity (location, economy, culture, social organization).
- •Huns in the history of Central Asia (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •Usuns in the history of Kazakhstan (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •Turks in the history of Eurasia. Turkic and Western Turkic Khanates (politic and social history, economy).
- •7)Turgeshes and Kharlukhs in the history of Kazakhstan (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •Oghuz state in the history of Kazakhstan (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •The Great Silk Way on the territory of Kazakhstan.
- •17) The development of culture and science in VI – XII centuries (Abu Nasyr al-Farabi, Balasaguni, u. Kazhgari, m. Khodzha Akhmed Yassaui).
- •20 )The formation of the state of White Horde and Mughulistan (political history, social organization).
- •The Mongol conquest of the territory of Kazakhstan and the consequences of the invasion.
- •Abulkhair Khanate (1428-1468) or The State of Nomadic Uzbeks.
- •23. Ethno genesis of a Kazakh people. The origin of the ethno name ‘Kazakh’.
- •The Kazakh Zhuzes: the origin, territory, tribal structure.
- •25. The formation and demise of Kazakh khanate XV-XVI.
- •27) The history of assessment of the Small, Middle and Great Hordes with Russia XVIII-XIX cc.
- •28. The history of assessment of the Small and Middle Zhuses with Russia.
- •The history of assessment of the Great Zhuz with Russia.
- •31. The assessment of Kazakhstan into Russian empire: the main stages and their features.
- •Kazakhstan within the Russian empire (administrative reforms of 1822, 1824, 1867-68 years and their colonial character).
- •Islamization and the introduction of Shari’a law by the end of the seventeen century.
- •43. Kazakh Khanate in the late 17-18vv. Politics Khan Tauke to unite the Kazakh land. "Jeti-zhargy."
- •48) The impact of Russian revolution of 1905 – 1907 on Kazakhstan.
- •51) ‘Alash Orda’ political party, its program aims and activity.
- •52) The success of 1917 October revolution and the establishment of Soviet government in Kazakhstan.
- •55) The policy of ‘military communism’ in Kazakhstan (1918-1920).
- •The Collectivization in Kazakhstan (1928-1940): the means of introduction and its consequences.
- •The policy of Soviet government in the field of culture in 1920-1930ss years.
- •In that policy we can find advantages and disadvantages.
- •The crimes of totalitarian regime in Kazakhstan: the mass repressions of 1920-1930ss years.
- •63) The feats of labour of Kazakhstan people during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).
- •The cultivation of the “Virgin Lands” in Kazakhstan in 1950-1960ss years: the projects and results.
- •68.The epoch of Enlightenment in Kazakhstan. Ibrahim Altynsarin the great teacher of humanity.
- •69. Kazakhstan – the new nation in the system of international relations. (membership in uno and other organizations).
- •72. The history of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
- •73) The fates of the leaders of Alash Orda government.
- •74) Kazakhstan as the successful experience of multiethnic state.
- •75) The role and functions of the Assembly of Kazakhstan people.
- •76) The foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present time.
- •77. The collapse of the ussr. Proclamation of Kazakhstan as a sovereign and independent state.
- •79, The state symbols of Kazakhstan
- •80. The main priorities of the entrance of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 50 most competitive countries of the world.
- •81) Kazakhstan chairmanship in osce in 2010.
- •82. The Parliament of Kazakhstan
- •86) The crimes of totalitarian regime in Kazakhstan: the mass repressions of 1920-1930ss years.
- •89) The history of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the XX century. The role of the first Kazakh press.
- •90) The main priority is a multi-vector foreign policy
-
The Mongol conquest of the territory of Kazakhstan and the consequences of the invasion.
The Karakitae ruled the steppe for nearly a century. In the first decade of the XIII century the Naimans and Kerei, Turkic tribes from the Altai, invaded the steppe and overthrew the gur (khan) of the Karakitae. They in turn were quickly defeated by the armies of Chingis Khan, which conquered Semirech'e in 1218.
Preconditions of nationhood had been present in Kazakhstan land under the Karakhanids and Karakitae: a single language, common economy, and shared way of life. At the end of the XII century and at the beginning of XIII century the struggle among the leaders of nomadic tribes of Central Asia and Kazakhstan aggravated. During the struggle Temudzhin (Shynghys khan, also spelled as Chingis Khan), a representative of one of the tribes, managed to unite Asian tribes. Shynghys khan’s empire was form with an active participation of leading groups of Central Asian community of nomads.
The Mongol conquest had a disruptive economic effect on the region, destroying the preconditions of nationhood that had been present under the Karakhanids and Karakitae (that is a single language, common economy and shared way of life). The Mongol invasion also destroyed the Syr Darya River towns and trading posts of Sauran, Otrar and Sygnak, and with them the sedentary culture that had provided a basis for the unity of this tribes. The Mongol rule influenced language and culture as well as social organisation of the Turkic tribes of Central Asia.
But the Mongol conquest did:
a)a disruptive economic effect upon the region,
b)destroying the mentioned preconditions of nationhood
c)destroyed the Syr Darya River towns and trading posts of Sauran, Otrar, and Sygnak,
d)destroyed sedentary culture that had provided a basis for the unity of these tribes.
e)The Mongol rulers influenced language and culture
-
Abulkhair Khanate (1428-1468) or The State of Nomadic Uzbeks.
The beginning of the fourteenth century also saw the breakup of the Chagatai khanate and the establishment of rival branches of the family in Mawarannahr and newly formed Mughulistan (which included the Hi region, Semirech'e, and Eastern Turkestan). The violent rivalry among these three powers (the White Horde, Mawarannahr, and Mughulistan) made the third quarter of the fourteenth century a period of economic upheaval; trade connections were broken and the agricultural oasis cities (especially in Mawarannahr) went into a period of decline. The economic and political stagnation of the region continued; Timur made repeated forays into both the Kazakh steppe and northwestern Mughulistan in the 1370s and 1380s, and in 1395 he defeated Tokhtamish at Sarai Berke. This defeat marked the end of Mongol rule in Central Asia. The Golden Horde and White Horde quickly broke up. The first two decades of the fifteenth century saw the creation of two new confederations of nomadic Turkish tribes in Central Asia, the Nogai Horde (a union of Kipchak tribes living between the Ural and Volga rivers) and the more important Uzbek khanate (1420), which controlled the steppe land from the headwaters of the Syr Darya river basin to the Aral Sea and north to the Irtysh River. It was in this period that the term Uzbek came into common use to designate the Turkish tribes that migrated over present-day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Stability was short-lived, however. A rivalry quickly developed between the ruler of the new Uzbek khanate, Barak Khan, and Ulugh beg (Timur's grand-son), the ruler of Mawarannahr, who retained control of the Syr Darya river basin. After Barak's death, with the connivance of Ulugh beg, the title of khan passed to Abu'l Khayr (reigned 1428-1468) of the Shayban (Sheiban) family. During Abu'l Khayr's rule the Uzbek khanate became the major power in Central Asia. Abu'l Khayr quickly unified the Turkic tribesmen, his northern holdings reaching the border of the khanate of Sibir. He then moved southward toward Mawarannahr. In 1430 Abu'l Khayr captured Khwarizm and Urgench, and by 1442, after capturing the entire Syr Darya region, he had established his capital at Sygnak, the trading center for the steppe oasis communities of Central Asia. Complete control of Mawarannahr eluded him, however. The drive of Abu'l Khayr was thwarted by the emergent Oirat (Mongol) hordes of Mughulistan in the middle of the fifteenth century, who rapidly became a superior military force. The Oirats (also known as Jungars) crossed from Mughulistan to the Dashti-Qipchak, burning the cities and destroying the economy of the area, and then returned to Mongolia. They (and their Kalmyk-Mongol successors) were to pose
Fighting between the Uzbeks and Kazakhs continued for most of the remainder of the fifteenth century. In the process, the nomadic economy of Syr Darya and Semirech'e was severely disrupted, animals were killed, and towns and trading posts were plundered.