- •Stone age on the territory of Kazakhstan. Divisions into periods, archaeological monuments. Main characteristics.
- •Bronze Age Stone age on the territory of Kazakhstan. Divisions into periods, archaeological monuments. Main characteristics.
- •Saks tribal unity (location, economy, culture, social organization).
- •Huns in the history of Central Asia (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •Usuns in the history of Kazakhstan (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •Turks in the history of Eurasia. Turkic and Western Turkic Khanates (politic and social history, economy).
- •7)Turgeshes and Kharlukhs in the history of Kazakhstan (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •Oghuz state in the history of Kazakhstan (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •The Great Silk Way on the territory of Kazakhstan.
- •17) The development of culture and science in VI – XII centuries (Abu Nasyr al-Farabi, Balasaguni, u. Kazhgari, m. Khodzha Akhmed Yassaui).
- •20 )The formation of the state of White Horde and Mughulistan (political history, social organization).
- •The Mongol conquest of the territory of Kazakhstan and the consequences of the invasion.
- •Abulkhair Khanate (1428-1468) or The State of Nomadic Uzbeks.
- •23. Ethno genesis of a Kazakh people. The origin of the ethno name ‘Kazakh’.
- •The Kazakh Zhuzes: the origin, territory, tribal structure.
- •25. The formation and demise of Kazakh khanate XV-XVI.
- •27) The history of assessment of the Small, Middle and Great Hordes with Russia XVIII-XIX cc.
- •28. The history of assessment of the Small and Middle Zhuses with Russia.
- •The history of assessment of the Great Zhuz with Russia.
- •31. The assessment of Kazakhstan into Russian empire: the main stages and their features.
- •Kazakhstan within the Russian empire (administrative reforms of 1822, 1824, 1867-68 years and their colonial character).
- •Islamization and the introduction of Shari’a law by the end of the seventeen century.
- •43. Kazakh Khanate in the late 17-18vv. Politics Khan Tauke to unite the Kazakh land. "Jeti-zhargy."
- •48) The impact of Russian revolution of 1905 – 1907 on Kazakhstan.
- •51) ‘Alash Orda’ political party, its program aims and activity.
- •52) The success of 1917 October revolution and the establishment of Soviet government in Kazakhstan.
- •55) The policy of ‘military communism’ in Kazakhstan (1918-1920).
- •The Collectivization in Kazakhstan (1928-1940): the means of introduction and its consequences.
- •The policy of Soviet government in the field of culture in 1920-1930ss years.
- •In that policy we can find advantages and disadvantages.
- •The crimes of totalitarian regime in Kazakhstan: the mass repressions of 1920-1930ss years.
- •63) The feats of labour of Kazakhstan people during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).
- •The cultivation of the “Virgin Lands” in Kazakhstan in 1950-1960ss years: the projects and results.
- •68.The epoch of Enlightenment in Kazakhstan. Ibrahim Altynsarin the great teacher of humanity.
- •69. Kazakhstan – the new nation in the system of international relations. (membership in uno and other organizations).
- •72. The history of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
- •73) The fates of the leaders of Alash Orda government.
- •74) Kazakhstan as the successful experience of multiethnic state.
- •75) The role and functions of the Assembly of Kazakhstan people.
- •76) The foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present time.
- •77. The collapse of the ussr. Proclamation of Kazakhstan as a sovereign and independent state.
- •79, The state symbols of Kazakhstan
- •80. The main priorities of the entrance of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 50 most competitive countries of the world.
- •81) Kazakhstan chairmanship in osce in 2010.
- •82. The Parliament of Kazakhstan
- •86) The crimes of totalitarian regime in Kazakhstan: the mass repressions of 1920-1930ss years.
- •89) The history of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the XX century. The role of the first Kazakh press.
- •90) The main priority is a multi-vector foreign policy
55) The policy of ‘military communism’ in Kazakhstan (1918-1920).
The policy of military communism was a policy of nationalization of all the industries virtually, centralization of administration in the maximum, surplus-appropriation system, provision of the card system, compulsory labor conscription. The policy included: override of market and financial relations, substitution of economic stimulus to non-economic directive, distribution of hard state control in all areas.
The main idea was to set the “dictatorship of proletariat”.
Communist party just accepted the Marxist scientific theory as a sort of religion – believing that the life could be changed through the human’s will.
Military communism was adopted by the Bolsheviks with the aim of keeping towns and the Red Army supplied with weapons and food.
War communism included the following policies:
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All industry was nationalized and strict centralized management was introduced.
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State monopoly on foreign trade was introduced.
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Discipline for workers was strict, and strikers could be shot.
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Obligatory labor duty was imposed onto "non-working classes".
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Prodrazvyorstka – requisition of agricultural surpluses from peasants in excess of absolute minimum for centralized distribution among the remaining population.
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Food and most commodities were rationed and distributed in a centralized way.
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Private enterprise became illegal.
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Military-like control of railroads was introduced.
The number of starving men in Kazakhstan reached 1,508,000 people by November 1920. 1,750,000 people or 42% of all Kazakh population was the victims of the famine and its painful consequences. 1,010,000 of Kazakhs abandoned the boundaries of their historic motherland.
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The NEP in Kazakhstan (1921-1925) and its nature. The results of NEP policy in Kazakhstan.
New Economic Policy was an economic policy proposed by V. Lenin to prevent the Russian economy from collapsing. Allowing some private ventures, while the state continued to control banks, foreign trade, and large industries. It was officially decided in the course of the 10th Congress of the All-Russian Communist Party by decree on March 21, 1921, "On the Replacement of Prodrazvyorstka by Prodnalog". Agricultural production increased greatly. Instead of the government taking all agricultural surpluses with no compensation, the farmers now had the option to sell their surplus yields, and therefore had an incentive to produce more grain.
Though NEP was primarily an agricultural policy, it succeeded in creating an economic recovery after the devastating effects of the First World War, the Russian Revolution and the Russian civil war. By 1928, agricultural and industrial production had been restored to the 1913 (pre-WWI) level. But some people within the party saw the NEP as a betrayal of communist principles, so they wanted a fully planned economy instead.
The main result of NEP: the agriculture and economy was restored and the stable financial system was established.
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The process of industrialization in Kazakhstan (1920-1934). The results of industrialization policy in Kazakhstan.
Industrialization – this is the name of the politic that was set up by the Bolsheviks when they came to power after the civil war victory.
Apart from ideological goals, Stalin, who succeeded Lenin after his death, also wished to embark on a program of rapid heavy industrialization which required larger surpluses to be extracted from the agricultural sector in order to feed a growing industrial work force and to pay for imports of machinery. The state also hoped to export grain, a source of foreign currency needed to import technologies necessary for heavy industrialization.
Kazakhstan was one of the main areas of industrialization to transform agrarian country into industrial power, to produce and set up the machinery equipment of all sectors of the economy. Most of factories and plants have actually been built in those days.
Kazakhstan continued industrialization until the Second World War. Industrialization led to the urban growth, the formation of a working class, heavy industry became the predominant field of economy – that was the great achievement for the previous cattle-breeding people, 90 % of whom before the Revolution lived in a countryside; working class was few, as well as national technical cadres; communication and transport facility was poorly developed.
Throughout the 1930s, industrialization was combined with a rapid expansion of education at schools and in higher education. In those days mass struggle illiteracy had begun. According to Lenin’s order of 1919 all citizens of Soviet Union between 16 to 50 had to undertake classes and be literate. It is one of most positive thing one can find in soviet history along with free medicine.