- •Vacuum technology development
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •5. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text a.
- •6. Answer the following questions to text a.
- •7. Read text b carefully paying attention to the words in bold type.
- •8. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text b.
- •9. Answer the questions to text b.
- •10. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •14. Match the parts of the sentences.
- •16. Grammar Tutorials: Word Order, Miscellaneous
- •17. Translate the following sentences. Notice the difference in the underlined words.
- •19. Translate the text from Russian into English. Use the list of words below for help.
- •Unit II. Theory of pvd Coatings
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a carefully paying attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text a.
- •5. Answer the following questions to text a.
- •6. Read text b carefully paying attention to the words in bold type.
- •7. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text b.
- •8. Answer the questions to text b.
- •10. Make sure you know the meanings of these words. Match the words with their definitions.
- •11. Match the words with the synonyms (text a).
- •12. Match the same words with the antonyms (text a).
- •13. Translate the text on theory and practical use of pvd coatings, study the structure of TiAln. Make its technical and non-technical description.
- •14. Scan the text about Copper (Cu) carefully. Use the scattered Nouns – Verbs – Adjectives – Adverbial Modifiers to make as many correct sentences-statements as possible.
- •17. See the difference in the following words. Use a dictionary. Read all of them aloud. Make some sentences of your own. Some eight examples are given for you.
- •20. Learn the poem “The Planets” by heart. Say, if gold, silver and lead are used in vacuum technologies. What does present-day science say about the content of metals in the planets? The Planets
- •21. Practice makes perfect. Translate the text on Vacuum history in a written form.
- •24. Scan the biography of Michael Faraday. Put questions to the answers given below.
- •25. Look through the texts a-b again and make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk about it.
- •History
- •II. Home Appliances II: Vacuum-Cleaner
- •20. Scan the biography. Put questions to the given answers.
- •Reading, Vocabulary & Creative Practice
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text a.
- •5. Answer the questions to text a.
- •6. Read text b. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •7. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text b.
- •8. Answer the questions to text b.
- •13. Special Quiz. Think of the better way to remember the most of the vocabulary and the vacuum pump classification. Share your opinion on it with your partner.
- •Russian English
- •II. Классификация вакуумных насосов по принципу действия
- •15. A) Open the brackets giving the right forms of the words; b) Translate the text “Cryopump” in a written form; c) Compare texts 15.1 and 15.2.
- •16. Grammar Tutorials: Question Technique Read and give a title to the text. Put questions to the given answers.
- •18. Translate from Russian into English. Use the proper grammar rules and the prompting words in brackets.
- •19. Read the text “Pump Accessories”. Pay attention to the abbreviations, and Stone Wall Constructions. Summarize the text.
- •20. Translate the following abbreviations and Stone Wall Constructions.
- •21. Read about some pumps’ features and benefits. Pay attention to the suffixes in the words, describing the pumps. Using the descriptive words, try to persuade the customers to buy the pumps.
- •23. Make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk about it.
- •Unit VI. Pumps and Compressors
- •“First, be sure a thing is wanted or needed, then go ahead.” Thomas Edison.
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read the text a. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text a.
- •5. Answer the questions to text a.
- •6. Read text b. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •7. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text b.
- •8. Answer the questions to text b.
- •10. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •11. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •12. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •13. Open the brackets. Give the right forms of the words in bold. Translate the text in a written form.
- •14. Special Quiz. Read about the uses of compressors. Match the parts of the sentences making the sentences complete. Start from: Gas compressors are used … … .
- •17. Study the key words to the crossword from Unit III.
- •18. Engineer tested. Do you believe …
- •19. Study the compressor refrigerator schematic, operation and construction. Discuss the information in dialogues. How do you see the compressor refrigerator in the future?
- •Construction
- •20. Scan the biography both I) in English and II) in Russian. Make a close look at English and Russian versions. Find and write down the differences.
- •Follow-up Activity
- •21. Make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk about it.
- •1. Kinetic Devices (General View).
- •Unit VII. Vacuum Engineering and Its Prospects
- •1. Words to be remembered.
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text a.
- •5. Answer the questions to text a.
- •6. Read text b. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •7. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text b.
- •8. Answer the questions to text b.
- •9. Make sure you know the meanings of these words. Match the words with their definitions. Consult the dictionaries.
- •10. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •11. Match the same words with the antonyms.
- •12. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •13. Scan the text. Make its summary in Russian then give English translation of the summary.
- •14. 1) Scan the biography of Sir William Crookes. Pay attention to the underlined words and notions. Say or write what you know about them.
- •14. 2) Scan the biography of John Dalton. Put questions to the given answers.
- •15. Scan the article “Vacuum Technology Developed to Control Insects in Wood.” Divide the text into logical parts.
- •17. Read the advertisement. Make everybody trust the method described.
- •19. Read the article “Japanese Camera Used to Test Innovation.” Make up some 3–5 statements of your own which might be a summary to the article.
- •20. Study the suggested key answers to the previous tasks.
- •21. Make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk about it.
- •Permissible pressure units including the torr 1) and its conversion
- •Vocabulary Terms And Abbreviations Used In Vacuum Engineering
- •Casing n оболочка, обшивка; отливка, литье
- •Confine V удерживать
- •Deliberate adj умышленный, обдуманный
- •Develop V развивать, строить, подготавливать, совершенствовать
- •Drastic adj глубокий, интенсивный, резкий
- •Drift n наклонный ствол, отклонение
- •Neutral n нейтральный
- •Vacuum technology development
- •220013, Минск, проспект Независимости, 65.
7. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to text b.
1. Reciprocating compressors don’t use pistons driven by a crankshaft.
2. Reciprocating compressors can be either stationary or stationery.
3. Rotary screw compressors may be either stationary or portable.
4. Axial-flow compressors are almost always multi-staged.
5. Many large snow-making operations (like ski resorts) use centrifugal compressors.
6. Diagonal compressor is completely different from a centrifugal compressor.
7. Scroll compressor includes two interleaved spiral-shaped scrolls to compress the gas.
8. The reliability of scroll compressors is debatable.
9. Diaphragm Compressor is used for hydrogen.
10. There are oil-lubricated and oil-free compressors.
11. Oil-free compressors are not needed anymore.
12. In a diving-air compressor even minimal oil may be unacceptable.
8. Answer the questions to text b.
1. Are reciprocating compressors stationary or portable?
2. How can reciprocating compressors be driven?
3. Are reciprocating compressors in great demand?
4. Are rotary screw compressors used for continuous operation?
5. What is the function of axial-flow compressors?
6. When can centrifugal compressor achieve extremely high output pressures?
7. Where are centrifugal compressors used?
8. What is the function of the diffuser and where is it used?
9. Has scroll technology been adopted to vacuum use?
10. What is the Archimedean Screw?
11. Is scroll compressor widely used?
12. Why are oil-free compressors desirable?
Comprehension Check – 2
9. Make sure you know the meanings of these words. Match the words with their definitions.
a) to wobble; b) scroll; c) stationary ; d) recovery; e); f) stationery; f) screw
1) returning to a proper state of strength, ability
2) materials for writing: paper, pens, pencils, etc.
3) curved, spiral or coiled form
4) to move unsteadily from side to side, shake
5) propeller
6) standing still, not moving
10. Match the words with the synonyms.
1) include 5) common a) by means of e) intermediate
2) moderate 6) decline b) novelty f) general
3) function 7) medium c) economical g) diminish
4) via 8) innovation d) purpose h) comprise
11. Match the words with the antonyms.
1) continuous 5) inexpensive a) initial e) incompressible
2) compressible 6) conventional b) indisputable f) multi-stage
3) final 7) disputable c) maximum g) unusual
4) single 8) minimal d) constant h) expensive
12. Fill in the correct prepositions.
1. Compressors are similar __ pumps
2. The term pump is generally used __ liquid-handling or hand-operated devices.
3. In centrifugal pumps and compressors, the vanes of the impeller, or rotor take fluid __ __ the axis.
4. Centrifugal pumps and compressors can handle __ moderate flow rates and pressure increases.
5. Axial-flow compressors consist __ a number of stages,
6. They are typically used __ vacuum pumps but can also be used __ gas compressors
7. This liquid ring creates a series __ seals in the space __ the impeller vanes.
8. The eccentricity __the impeller rotating axis and the casing geometric axis results … a cyclic variation of the volume.
9. Typically a multi-stage pump will have __ to two compression stages __ a common shaft.
10. Oil-free compressors are desirable because __ proper consideration (additional parts) oil can make its way __ the air stream.