МЕТ_1к_1ч

10.Explain the meaning of the words and phrases.

observations, orchestrated procedures, applied science, inability, practical, detailed, a soul route, advance, fundamental, all hands-on experiences, noteworthy scientists, constraints of time, solitary

11.Cross the odd word out.

1)associate, link, relate, assuage;

2)label, labour, identify, name;

3)ordain, orchestrate, arrange, set up;

4)extensive, wide, thorough, exterior;

5)investigator, researcher, producer, explorer.

12.Match the words (1−11) with their definitions (a−k).

13. Find ten words from Exercise 12.

14.Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.

control, explorations, knowledge, misconception, pursue, motivate, perform, blend, noteworthy, extensive

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15.Arrange the following words according to

similar meaning: applied, exploitation, objective, accurately, procedure, basic, properly, proof, goal, sole, dominant, mix, evidence, solitary, usage, process, principal, fundamental, blend, practical;

opposite meaning: frequently, noncrucial, discourage, disorder, pseudo, insignificant, concept, crucial, individual, damage, noteworthy, detailed, reconstruct, order, encourage, misconception, rarely, compendious, public, true.

16.Match the words and phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.

17. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the list below.

unknown, inter-twined, quest, exploitation, needs, investigative, demarcation, application, scientific

Basic scientific research is defined as fundamental theoretical or experimental

1) …… research to advance knowledge without a specifically envisaged or immediately practical 2) …… . It is the 3) …… for new knowledge and the exploration of the 4) …… . As such, basic science is sometimes naively perceived as an unnecessary luxury that can simply be replaced by applied research

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to more directly address immediate 5) …… . However the 6) …… between basic research and applied research is not at all clear cut. In reality they are inextricably

7) …… . Most 8) …… research, whether in the academic world or in industry, is a hybrid of new knowledge generation and subsequent 9) …… .

18. Choose the correct answer.

1.However, a __________ of science is that it is subject to revision when new information is presented.

2.Accumulated _________ can provide support, validation and substantiation for a law or theory, but will never prove those laws and theories to be true.

19. Match 1−5 with a−e to make sentences.

20. Fill in the correct word derived from the word in bold.

Another aspect of this myth stems from the 1) _________ (realize) that there are several basic kinds of laws – deterministic and probabilistic. Although both types of laws are as tentative as any 2) ______ (science) knowledge, the laws of the physical sciences are typically deterministic in that cause and effect are more securely linked while the laws in biology usually have a probability factor associated. In the life sciences it is typical to see limitations placed on the

3) ________ (apply) of laws. For example, Mendel’s laws of 4) _______ (inherit) work only with single gene pairs and not even with all such pairs. This issue has called some to question if there are really 5) _______ (law) in biology. My response would be that there are laws in the life sciences, but the rules for their application are somewhat distinct from those 6) ________ (apply) in the physical sciences.

21.Choose the correct item.

1.Andy had been solving / had solved his mathematical problem for two hours before he found the solution.

2.He said that the scientists hadn't informed / inform the scientific community of their discovery.

3.Two years ago they had suggested / suggested that this could be done, as had been suggested in the same year by the Austrian group of researchers.

4.We had repeated / repeated the experiment one more time by May.

5.They had been talking / had talked about the difference between science and technology for some minutes when a teacher came.

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22. Choose the correct answer.

1.The general success of the scientific endeavor _______ that its products must be valid.

2.Philosophers of science ________ it useful to refer to the work of Karl Popper and his principle of falsifiability to provide an operational definition

5.Several years ago scientists __________ simply not ready to embrace a notion so contrary to the traditional teachings of their discipline.

23.Read the sentences. If a sentence is correct, put a tick (˅) by the number in the answer boxes provided. If a sentence has a word which should not be there, write the word in the answer boxes provided.

1The term hypothesis has at least three definitions, and for that of reason, should be abandoned and replaced, or at least used with caution.

2For instance, when Newton been said that he framed no hypothesis as to the cause of gravity he was saying that he had no speculation about an explanation of why the law of gravity operates as it does.

3In this case, for Newton used the term hypothesis to represent an immature theory.

4In general, a science involves a pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of fundamental laws.

5Galileo also began his studies on motion in, which he pursued steadily for the next two decades.

6In 1588 Galileo applied for the department of mathematics at the University of Bologna but was unsuccessful.

7By 1609 a Galileo had determined that the distance fallen by a body is proportional to the square of the elapsed time and that the trajectory of a projectile is a parabola.

24.Fill in a, the where necessary.

1."....... man with a new idea is ...... crank until he succeeds."

M. Twain

2."...... new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see ...... light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and ..... new generation grows up that is familiar with it."

Max Planck

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3."..... goal of ..... science and engineering is to build better mousetraps. ......

goal of ...... nature is to build better mice."

Unknown

25. Edit the Ukrainian translation.

"Humanity needs practical men, who get the most out of their work, and, without forgetting the general good, safeguard their own interests. But humanity also needs dreamers, for whom the disinterested development of an enterprise is so captivating that it becomes impossible for them to devote their care to their own material profit.

Without doubt, these dreamers do not deserve wealth, because they do not desire it. Even so, a well-organized society should assure to such workers the efficient means of accomplishing their task, in a life freed from material care and freely consecrated to research."

Marie Curie

"Людство потребує практичні люди, які отримують максимальну віддачу від їхньої роботи, і, не забуваючи загального блага, захисту їх власних інтересів. Але людство також потребує мрійники, для яких безкорислива розвитку підприємства так захоплююче, що стає неможливим для них, щоб присвятити свою допомогу в їх власного прибутку матеріалу.

Без сумніву, ці мрійники не заслуговують багатства, тому що вони не бажають цього. Тим не менш, організоване суспільство має забезпечити, щоб такі працівники ефективним засобом досягнення своїх завдань, в житті звільнені від матеріальної допомоги та вільно присвячений дослідженням."

Марія Кюрі

26.Translate into English.

1.Деякі люди думають, що наука і техніка − це одне й теж саме.

2.Експеримент − це шлях до нових наукових знань.

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3.Технологія експерименту охоплює взаємопов’язану сукупність методів та процедур збору, обробки, інтерпретації, аналізу даних, встановлення надійності та валідності отриманих висновків, а також застосування отриманих результатів у практиці.

4.Для проведення експерименту науковці відбирають контрольні й експериментальні групи.

5.В астрономії важливі спостереження, а не експерименти.

6.Метою експериментів є встановлення причинно-наслідкових зв'язків.

7.Коперник і Кеплер змінили наше уявлення про Сонячну систему.

8.Ісаак Ньютон відкрив закон всесвітнього тяжіння.

9.Тисячі геніальних учених присвятили своє життя тому, щоб розкрити загадки навколишнього світу.

10.Математичні знання використовувалися в далекому минулому для розв’язання повсякденних задач, і тому саме практика значною мірою керувала всім подальшим розвитком математики.

11.Одна з легенд розповідає, що цар Птолемей вирішив вивчити геометрію. Але з’ясувалося, що зробити це не так просто. Тоді він покликав Евкліда й попросив визначити йому легкий шлях до математики. "До геометрії немає царської дороги", – відповів йому вчений.

12.В студентські роки він виявив нахил до наукової роботи і працював у лабораторії університету.

SPEAKING

27.Imagine you are a scientist. The other students ask yes / no questions in order to guess who the scientist is.

Some example questions:

Are / Were you a male / female?

Are you alive or dead?

Have you written a famous book? / Did you write a famous book?

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Do / Did you come from England / the USA / ...?

Are / Were you Japanese / American / ...?

Are / Were you interested in electricity / ...?

28.You are talking about Isaac Newton with your groupmate. Act out your conversation starting with the suggested question. Use information from the text "SIR ISAAC NEWTON" (see the EXTRA READING section to Unit 5).

A:Do you think that Newton is the most influential scientist who ever lived?

B:___________________________________________________

A:___________________________________________________

B:___________________________________________________

A:___________________________________________________

B:___________________________________________________

29.Work in pairs. You are a reporter interviewing a famous scientist (the portraits of the scientists below). Think about questions that you would like to ask. Then role play using some interesting facts (see Appendix 3).

a) Thomas Edison b) Alexander Graham Bell c) Albert Einstein

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