Reform

state

systems

-1802 -1811 - ministerial reform (8 ministries) sectoral management principle, -1810 - creation of the State a cabinet of ministers established;

-1802 - Senate reform;

-1809 - draft state

reforms M.M. Speransky;

advice:

Domestic policy

Reforms of Alexander I 1801 – 1825 year

-1801-Decree allowing the acquisition of unpopulated land (except for serfs);

- a decree prohibiting the sale of serfs without a family, to publish advertisements for the sale in newspapers;

-1803-decree "On free farmers" -releasing peasants with land for ransom or labor (47 thousand people.

(0.5%) of private peasants released):

-1804-1805 - reform in

Baltic lands (liberation of peasants without land) - regulated the norms of duties and the size of allotments.

RESTYAN reform

Внешняя политика Александра I

конец XVIII века Великая французская революция - к власти приходит Наполеон-идея мирового господства

1805 г. 3 коалиция против Франции: Россия, Австрия, Англия - поражение под Аустерлицем. Австрия вышла из войны. Коалиция развалилась.

1806 г. - 4 коалиция против Франции: Россия, Пруссия, Англия, Швеция - в битве при Йене капитулировала Прусская армия: 1807 г. - в битве при Фридлянде разбита русская армия. 1807 г. - Тильзит - мир между Россией и Францией.

-1815 - Конституция Царству Польскому создавалась законодательная ветвь власти - сейм- выборный орган, исполнительная ветвь власти -правительство, ответственно перед сеймом;

-1818 -автономное самоуправление Бессарабии;

- 1808 1816 - создание военных поселений:

-1815 - 1825 - режим аракчеевшины Александр путешествует по стране.

2.

Patriotic War of 1812:

Stage 1 from June 12 to mid-October 1812:

-12.06.1812 - invasion of Napoleonic troops into Russia c / z Neman,

1st and 2nd Russian armies were retreating: exhausting tactics

enemy;

- August 1812 - the battle of Smolensk (unification of the Russian army - headed by MI Kutuzov);

08/26/1812 - Battle of Borodino;

- 1.09.1812 - meeting at the branch - leave Moscow,

09/2/1812 - Napoleon entered Moscow,

- 7.10.1812-left her: MI Kutuzov-Tarutinsky march: defense of the Kaluga and Tula provinces;

10/12/1812 battle at Maloyaroslavets (Napoleon retreats along the Mozhaisk road to Smolensk, which he himself had destroyed);

Stage II from mid-October to December 25, 1812:

14 - 11/16/1812 - battle on the river. Berezina;

12/25/1812 - Manifesto of Alexander I on the expulsion of Napoleon

1813 - 1814 - foreign campaigns of the Russian army.

3.

-1816- "Union of the Salvation" abolition of serfdom, establishment of a constitutional monarchy

-1818-1821 - "Union of prosperity" abolition of serfdom, disputes about the political structure - constitutional monarchy or the public - led to the dissolution of the organization.

12/14/1825-Decembrist uprising on Senate Square

Secret Societies 1821-1825

The first secret organizations

North (Petersburg) -S. Trubetskoy, N. Muravyov, E. Obolensky. "Constitution": constitutional monarchy, abolition of serfdom (peasants for 2 hectares of land)

Yuzhnoe (Ukraine) -P. Pestel, S. Muravyov-Apostol, M. Bestuzhev-Ryumin "Russian truth": republic, abolition of serfdom (1/2 of the land fund for peasants, bonds for landowners)

TOPIC 4. Domestic and foreign policy during the reign of Nicholas I.

PLAN

1. Domestic policy of Russia during the reign of Nicholas I.

2. Foreign policy during the reign of Nicholas I.

PROBLEM OF THE FIRST QUESTION:

1. The peasant question: the decree "On obliged peasants."

2. Reform of the "state village" P.D. Kiseleva.

3. The social structure of Russian society, the creation of the social group "Honorary Citizen".

PROBLEM OF THE SECOND QUESTION:

1. The main directions of foreign policy.

2. Crimean war: reasons for failure.

Structural and chronological schemes

Discussion of the problem of serfdom in secret committees: an unconditional right to the ownership of land by the peasants has been established, but the power of the landowners over the peasants is preserved;

5th Branch of His Imperial Majesty's Own

Chancery headed by P.D. Kiselev develops provisions: 1837. "Reform of the State Village". Formation of the Ministry of State Property, and in the provinces of the Chamber of State Property: ensuring the economic well-being of peasants, collecting taxes from them, organizing medical assistance, spreading literacy. For these purposes, rural societies elected village elders, tax collectors, sotsk and ten. Improved the endowment of the state. peasants with land, the procedure for their resettlement, tax collection;

1842 - the decree "On obliged peasants" - a pomeshik has the right to free the peasants, without allotting land, and to give it on a lease basis.

- restriction of the right of landowners to exile to Siberia, permission to / us to buy land, the right to have 4.5 tithes of land per man