II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. Water supply at the expense of ground water plays an important role in the lives of many towns and cities.

2. Heat builds up on the exterior of concrete walls and roofs due to solar radiation.

3. In the absence of centralized water supply, a man can do with about 25 litres of water a day for his various personal needs.

4. It is essential to obtain the maximum temperature rise tolerable to each piece of equipment.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The greater is the surface of the radiator the more rapidly it gives off heat.

2. A house with a compact layout (расположение) is more suitable for a hot-dry climate.

3. This house is cool enough to sleep comfortably on the first floor during the hottest part of the year.

4. In the modern city water consumption per person is much higher.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.

1. In some localities water is available in unlimited quantities and converting it to use is not a difficult problem.

2. Water may be taken from any sources of water for human consumption after a preliminary treatment.

3. Nobody took measures of air pollution during the last inspection.

4. No difficulties exist in the fixing of independent boilers.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. As for fuels we use for heating buildings they include coal, oil, manufactured and natural gases.

2. For three years these scientists studied the atmospheric transformation of natural

substances that pollute the atmosphere.

3. New temperature conditions for the system will give greater efficiency.

4. Water from its natural sources- ground lakes or rivers-contains many harmful elements.

VI. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й-абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й, 2-й и 4-й абзацы текста.

IGOR VASSILIEVITCH KURCHATOV -

ATOMIC SCIENTIST AND PASSIONATE FIGHTER

FOR PEACE (1903-1960)

1. With joy and pride we see that the genius of the Russian people is mastering the atom's secrets. Among our famous atomic scientists the first place belongs by right to Acad­emician Igor Kurchatov. Everybody knows that it was he who laid the foundation of the atomic might of the Russian land. Since 1925 I. V. Kurchatov began to work at the Physi­cal-Engineering Institute in Leningrad. It was here that he achieved great results in the research of dielectrics which had been little known at that time.

2. As fas as the early thirties ² atomic research was being successfully conducted in Russia. Russian nuclear physics was in need of powerful source of fast particles capable of inducing a nuclear reaction. A group of young research workers, with I. Kurchatov at the head, began in­vestigating the physics of the nucleus of the atom. Their investigations led to a striking discovery of fission of ura­nium nucleus.

3. I. Kurchatov understood that the neutron was the key to splitting the atom and he put all his efforts into neutron research. In 1940 I. Kurchatov came to the conclusion that slow neutron chain reac­tion was quite possible. But World War II interrupted his work, and all research prog­rams had to be suspended. During the war I. Kurchatov gave all his energy and know­ledge to the strengthening of military might of our Mother­land.

4. In 1949 the Russian Govern­ment announced that the secret of the atom bomb no longer existed and the USA had lost its atomic monopoly. It was decided that Russian scientists would continue their work in the field of atom application for peace. On June 27, 1954, the first atomic power plant in the world was put into operation near Moscow. This power generating installation based on the uranium-graphite reactor was Kurchatov's favourite creation. Later he was carried away by another great idea — to master con­trolled thermonuclear reactions and he surely declared that the second half of the 20th century would be the era of thermonuclear energy.

5. I. V. Kurchatov died in I960 but his experience and his knowledge have become immortalized in the world's first atomic power plant, atom-driven ice-breakers, in Dubna Institute and in the broad development of thermonuclear research in our country.

Notes on the Text

1. by right — по праву

2. as far as the early thirties — еще в начале тридцатых годов

VII. Прочтите 5-й-абзац-текста-и вопрос к нему. Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с содержанием текста.

How are Kurchatov’s great ideas immortalized?

a) In the world's first thermal electric plant

b) In the broad development of thermonuclear research in a lot of countries

c) In the world's first atomic power plant

ВАРИАНТ 4

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного или

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. Heating and ventilation are two branches of engineering, which are very closely connected.

2. A hot-water system consists of the boilers and a system of pipes and radiators in rooms.

3. All through London’s history until modern times, the question of water supply was a problem.

4. The production of high pressure gases results from a chemical reaction.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. Some projects of new water treatment stations satisfy the growing (растущие) needs of water in our capital.

2. We have a problem with the noise level in this room because of (из-за) inadequate

sound insulation technology.

3. Centralized water supply dates back to 2500 BC.

4. Attempts to overcome the energy crisis brought about the postponement of many

water purification measures.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Nation’s water problems are as difficult and expensive to solve as the energy crisis.

2. The illumination of the earth by the sun is 10 billion times stronger than that by Sirius, the brightest star of the northern hemisphere.

3. During primary treatment the larger and heavier solid particles settle out from the liquid.

4. The more compact the shape of a building the more it retains heat.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. There are no technical problems to which we cannot find a solution.

2. The tank serves to store water with some temperature loss.

3. The disposal of any waste water is a serious problem

4. Nobody expects that geothermal energy will eliminate the need for fossil fuels.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения; определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. How will this power station derive its energy from the tides?

2. This heater did not have enough capacity to maintain a satisfactory temperature.

3. Industrial buildings often present special problems in ventilation.

4. Man copied nature when constructing water reservoirs and water distribution systems.

VI. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й-абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й, 2-й и 4-й абзацы текста.

MENDELEYEV — PRIDE OF RUSSIAN SCIENCE

1. The list of spheres of knowledge which Mendeleyev's genius touched upon is enormous. Chemistry, physics, earth sciences, metrology, economics, metallurgy and much else.¹ Mendeleyev's legacy comprises 25 volumes, a third of them devoted to chemistry.

2. D. I. Mendeleyev, the outstanding Russian scientist, was born in Tobolsk in 1834. In 1850 at the age of 16 he entered the Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg to study chemistry. Five years later he graduated from it with a gold medal and was invited to lecture on theoret­ical and organic chemistry at St. Petersburg University. To continue his studies and research Mendeleyev was sent to Germany in 1859. While living abroad he made a number of important investigations.

3. The year 1868 was the beginning of his highly impor­tant work "Fundamentals of

Chemistry". When working at the subject Mendeleyev analyzed an enormous amount of literature, made thousands of experiments and calcu­lations. This tremendous work resulted in the Table of Elements consisting of vertical groups and horizontal periods. Mendeleyev was the first to suggest a system of classification in which the elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic weights. The main idea of the Periodic System is the idea of periodic repe­tition of properties with the increase of the atomic weights.