- •Строительство зданий
- •Lesson 1
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Form the nouns adding the suffixes and translate them into Russian.
- •IV. Point out the suffixes of the following words and the parts of speech they form. Make sentences with the words.
- •V. Read and translate the text cement
- •VI. Put in the correct prepositions.
- •VII. Translate the sentences into English.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Speak about cement as one of the popular binding materials in construction. Make use of the following expressions:
- •I. Put the verbs in brackets in the form of the Past Simple Tense.
- •II. Read the following note and put the verbs into the correct form of the Present Simple, Present Continuous or Past Simple.
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the Past Simple Tense.
- •IV. Ten years ago Jerry was a student. Now he is a lawyer. Use the prompts to ask and answer questions about Jerry, as in the example.
- •Lesson 2
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Put all possible questions to the sentences.
- •IV. Read and translate the text brick
- •V. Put in the correct prepositions.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into English.
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Speak about brick as the first artificial building material made by man. Make use of the key word combinations and expressions.
- •I. Match Column a to Column b.
- •II. Make short exchanges using the prompts below, as in the example.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with have/has been или have/has gone.
- •IV. Выберите наиболее подходящее к данному предложению слово из двух предложенных.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with since or for, as in the example.
- •Lesson 3
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Give the synonyms to the following words and translate them into Russian.
- •IV. Read and translate the text concrete
- •V. Put in the correct prepositions.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into English.
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Speak about concrete as one of the main building materials today. Make use of the key words and expressions.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect simple.
- •In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
- •Lesson 4
- •I. Read and translate the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •III. Read and translate the text. Parts of a building
- •IV. Memorize the following antonyms:
- •V. Match the English and Russian definitions using Fig. 3:
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past perfect.
- •II. Join the sentences using the words in brackets and putting the verbs into the correct tense, as in the example.
- •VII. Speak about the main parts of a building and their functions.
- •Lesson 5
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •III. Read and translate the text. Floors
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •V. Give the synonyms to the following words:
- •I. Rewrite the sentences below in the passive, as in the example.
- •Fill in the gaps with the correct passive tense of the verbs in brackets.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with is, was, has or will, as in the example.
- •Lesson 6
- •I. Read and translate the following words.
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Form the verbs from the following nouns and translate them:
- •V. Memorize the following antonyms:
- •VI. Read and translate the text. Walls
- •VII. Match the English and Russian definitions using Fig. 2.:
- •VIII. Read the information given below and answer the following questions.
- •Constructive scheme of a large-panel house with longitudinal loadbearing walls
- •IX. Study the constructive scheme shown in Fig.3.
- •X. Match the English and Russian equivalents using Fig. 3:
- •XI. Study the information and answer the questions.
- •XII. Answer the following questions.
- •I. Use the prompts to make sentences in the passive, as in the example.
- •II. Fill in the gaps with the correct passive tense of the verbs in brackets.
- •III. Read the newspaper and fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets using the passive. Earthquake Hits Whiterose
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences about the preparations for Julie’s wedding in the passive, as in the example.
- •Строительство зданий
V. Put in the correct prepositions.
Concrete is one … the constructive building materials.
Concrete is a mixture ... water, cement and aggregates.
There are four stages ... producing concrete.
Concrete may be prepared right ... a building site.
It may also be prepared ... a factory.
The kind of concrete depends ... the aggregates used.
Concrete has many advantages ... other building materials.
The strength of any concrete is influenced ... many factors.
Concrete is widely used ... construction ... supporting elements.
VI. Translate the sentences into English.
Бетон – особый конструктивный материал.
Его издавна использовали египтяне, греки и римляне.
Бетон – композиционный материал, полученный в результате твердения рационально подобранной смеси из вяжущего материала, заполнителя и воды.
В производстве бетона четыре стадии: 1) приготовление сырья, 2) его перемешивание, 3) формование и 4) твердение.
Плотность бетона зависит от плотности цементного камня, плотности заполнителей и степени уплотнения.
Конструкции из монолитного бетона изготавливают непосредственно на строительной площадке, а сборные конструкции – на заводе.
Бетон является главным строительным материалом, который применяют во всех областях строительства.
VII. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the text about?
2. What is concrete?
3. What stages are there in producing concrete?
4. What properties does concrete have?
5. What kinds of concrete do you know?
6. What does the kind of concrete depend on?
7. Speak about cellular concrete.
8. What factors influence the strength of any concrete?
9. Where is concrete widely used today?
10. Why is concrete one of the main building materials in construction world?
VIII. Speak about concrete as one of the main building materials today. Make use of the key words and expressions.
Constructive material, its composition, stages in producing, the resulting material, the kind of concrete, depends on, methods in producing, the strength of any concrete, is influenced by, wide application, will be required in future, concrete structures, economic, safe and sound = strong.
I`ll speak about… – я расскажу о…
If I`m not mistaken… – если я не ошибаюсь…
Now just a few words about… – сейчас несколько слов о…
Technical characteristics of…are… – техническими характеристиками являются…
It is no doubt that… – нет сомнения в том, что…
In conclusion I`d like to say that… – в заключение мне бы хотелось сказать, что…
Grammar: Past Simple vs Present Perfect Simple
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect simple.
1. A: …… (you/ever/be) to Paris?
B: Yes, we …… (spend) a month in Paris two years ago.
2. A: …… (you/see) Janice at the party?
B: No, I …… (see) her for weeks.
3. A: … (Fred/visit) his grandparents in Italy?
B: Yes, he … (go) to Italy last summer to see them.
4. A: I … (eat) at Martin’s Steak House last night – the food was delicious.
B: That’s my favourite restaurant. I … (eat) there many times.
5. A: … (Mum/speak) to Jim?
B: Yes, she … (call) him this morning.
6. A: … (Michael/buy) a CD player?
B: No, he … (not/save up) enough money yet.
7. A: …… (you/buy) a dress for the wedding yet?
B: No, I …… (not/find) anything that I really like.
8. A: …… (Sara/come) home from work yet?
B: No, she …… (called) and ……(say) that she is going to come home late tonight.