- •Строительство зданий
- •Lesson 1
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Form the nouns adding the suffixes and translate them into Russian.
- •IV. Point out the suffixes of the following words and the parts of speech they form. Make sentences with the words.
- •V. Read and translate the text cement
- •VI. Put in the correct prepositions.
- •VII. Translate the sentences into English.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Speak about cement as one of the popular binding materials in construction. Make use of the following expressions:
- •I. Put the verbs in brackets in the form of the Past Simple Tense.
- •II. Read the following note and put the verbs into the correct form of the Present Simple, Present Continuous or Past Simple.
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the Past Simple Tense.
- •IV. Ten years ago Jerry was a student. Now he is a lawyer. Use the prompts to ask and answer questions about Jerry, as in the example.
- •Lesson 2
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Put all possible questions to the sentences.
- •IV. Read and translate the text brick
- •V. Put in the correct prepositions.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into English.
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Speak about brick as the first artificial building material made by man. Make use of the key word combinations and expressions.
- •I. Match Column a to Column b.
- •II. Make short exchanges using the prompts below, as in the example.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with have/has been или have/has gone.
- •IV. Выберите наиболее подходящее к данному предложению слово из двух предложенных.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with since or for, as in the example.
- •Lesson 3
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Give the synonyms to the following words and translate them into Russian.
- •IV. Read and translate the text concrete
- •V. Put in the correct prepositions.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into English.
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Speak about concrete as one of the main building materials today. Make use of the key words and expressions.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect simple.
- •In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
- •Lesson 4
- •I. Read and translate the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •III. Read and translate the text. Parts of a building
- •IV. Memorize the following antonyms:
- •V. Match the English and Russian definitions using Fig. 3:
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past perfect.
- •II. Join the sentences using the words in brackets and putting the verbs into the correct tense, as in the example.
- •VII. Speak about the main parts of a building and their functions.
- •Lesson 5
- •I. Read and translate the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •III. Read and translate the text. Floors
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •V. Give the synonyms to the following words:
- •I. Rewrite the sentences below in the passive, as in the example.
- •Fill in the gaps with the correct passive tense of the verbs in brackets.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with is, was, has or will, as in the example.
- •Lesson 6
- •I. Read and translate the following words.
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations to the text:
- •III. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •IV. Form the verbs from the following nouns and translate them:
- •V. Memorize the following antonyms:
- •VI. Read and translate the text. Walls
- •VII. Match the English and Russian definitions using Fig. 2.:
- •VIII. Read the information given below and answer the following questions.
- •Constructive scheme of a large-panel house with longitudinal loadbearing walls
- •IX. Study the constructive scheme shown in Fig.3.
- •X. Match the English and Russian equivalents using Fig. 3:
- •XI. Study the information and answer the questions.
- •XII. Answer the following questions.
- •I. Use the prompts to make sentences in the passive, as in the example.
- •II. Fill in the gaps with the correct passive tense of the verbs in brackets.
- •III. Read the newspaper and fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets using the passive. Earthquake Hits Whiterose
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences about the preparations for Julie’s wedding in the passive, as in the example.
- •Строительство зданий
VII. Speak about the main parts of a building and their functions.
Fig. 1. Constructive scheme of a multistoreyed house:
1 - strip foundation – ленточный фундамент; 2 - external wall – наружная стена;
3 - internal wall – внутренняя стена; 4 - plinth floor – цокольное перекрытие;
5 - intermediate floor – междуэтажное перекрытие; 6 - attic floor – чердачное перекрытие;
7 - rafter – стропило; 8 - roof boarding – обрешетка кровельного покрытия,
9 - landing – лестничная площадка; 10 - flight – лестничный марш; 11 - eave = cornice – карниз
Lesson 5
Phonetics: [æ], [ei], [Ə:], [ju:]
Grammar: Passive Voice
Text: Floors. Перекрытия.
I. Read and translate the following words:
Aspect, gravel, sand, fact, impact, factory, plan, panel, rapid, standard, attractive, practical, aggregate, expand, exam, gas;
name, aim, say, take, place, stage, day, grey, they, rate, clay, obtain, basic, eight, weight, able, again, wait, date;
serve, term, certain, person, purpose, inert, firm, burn, first, third, perfect, urgent;
new, few, student, duty, super, produce, view, unit, using, news.
II. Learn the following words and word combinations:
floor – перекрытие
dead load – постоянная нагрузка
live load – переменная нагрузка
to superimpose – прикладывать нагрузку
basement – подвал
upper – верхний
attic – чердак
to satisfy = to meet requirements – удовлетворять требованиям
sufficient – достаточный
rigidity – жесткость
sound insulation – звукоизоляция
obvious – очевидный
to lay along – лежать вдоль
to allow – позволять
high speed – высокоскоростной
rib – ребро
steel beam – стальная балка
to erect – монтировать, сооружать
design – назначение, конструкция
cladding – заполнитель каркаса
III. Read and translate the text. Floors
Floors are the structural elements which divide a building into stories and carry the dead load or the weight of the floor itself and the superimposed or live load. According to the design they are classified as basement floors, upper floors, and attic floors. But all of them must satisfy some common requirements: sufficient strength and rigidity, good sound insulation, fire resistance. It is obvious that basement and attic floors must be warmed while the floors in sanitary units must be water and gas resistant. As to the materials used floors are divided into three groups: timber, reinforced concrete floors and floors laid along steel beams.
Timber floors are simple to erect but they are liable to fire, to rot and are not so durable as others. Therefore they are generally used in dwellings and service buildings.
Reinforced concrete floors have many advantages which allow to use them especially in big constructions of industrial design. Reinforced concrete floors are not liable to fire, they are strong, durable and economical. Precast reinforced concrete floors developed by Russian designers meet the requirements of high speed industrial construction. Most widely used monolithic floors are ribbed and beamless. Floors laid along steel beams are usually made with fireproof cladding in precast or monolithic reinforced concrete slabs. There are also combined precast-monolithic floors and many other kinds besides the three main groups mentioned.