Кафедра « Гуманитарные дисциплины»

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

По дисциплине Иностранный язык (английский)

Вариант № 4

Семестр 1

1 Курс заочной формы обучения

Специальность (шифр) __________ группа ____________

Срок обучения _____ лет

Зачетная книжка № ___________

Ф.И.О. студента(ки) _______________________________________

Ф.И.О. (преподавателя) _____________________________________

Сдана на проверку ­___________________

Ставрополь, 20____

1. Написать 15-18 предложений по следующим темам и выучить: 1. Описание себя и своей семьи. 2. Описание друга (внешность, характер, манеры, привычки). 3. Любимое время года. 4. Хобби. 5. Любимая книга.

2. Прочитать и письменно перевести тексты: Computer Science, Software Engineering. Текст 1. Computer science

Computer architecture covers computer systems, microprocessors, circuits, and system programs. Typically the term does not refer to application programs, such as spreadsheets or word processing, which are required to perform a task but not to make the system run.

Design Elements. In designing a computer system, architects consider five major elements that make up the system's hardware: the arithmetic/logic unit, control unit, memory, input, and output. The arithmetic/logic unit performs arithmetic and compares numerical values. The control unit directs the operation of the computer by taking the user instructions and transforming them into electrical signals that the computer's circuitry can understand. The combination of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit is called the central processing unit (CPU). The memory stores instructions and data. The input and output sections allow the computer to receive and send data, respectively.

Different hardware architectures are required because of the specialized needs of systems and users. One user may need a system to display graphics extremely fast, while another system may have to be optimized for searching a database or conserving battery power in a laptop computer.

Текст 2. Software engineering

Research in this branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution, its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance. Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.

Software engineers use programming languages to communicate algorithms to a computer. Natural languages such as English are ambiguous – meaning that their grammatical structure and vocabulary can be interpreted in multiple ways – so they are not suited for programming. Instead, simple and unambiguous artificial languages are used. Computer scientists study ways of making programming languages more expressive, thereby simplifying programming and reducing errors. A program written in a programming language must be translated into machine language (the actual instructions that the computer follows). Computer scientists also develop better translation algorithms that produce more efficient machine language programs.