- •© Борисова Татьяна Васильевна
- •About myself
- •Grammar
- •Lesson II My native town
- •Astrakhan
- •The Kremlin
- •Grammar
- •Lesson III
- •Our country russia
- •Grammar
- •Lesson IV My institute
- •Astrakhan Engineer building Institute (aebi)
- •Grammar
- •Lesson V My future profession
- •Grammar
- •Lesson VI Great Russian Architects
- •V.I. Bazhenov
- •N.V. Nikitin
- •Grammar
- •Lesson VII Building Materials
- •Properties of Building stone
- •Concrete
- •Grammar
- •Lesson VIII Art of building
- •Принципы планировки
- •Grammar
- •Lesson IX Architecture: its forms and functions
- •Grammar
- •Lesson X What is meant by “bioclimatic architecture”
- •Grammar
- •Appendix Albert Einstein
- •The Kremlin
- •Uk political sistem
- •University education in great britain
- •Seven wonders of the world
- •The White House
- •Impressions of Modern Architecture
Lesson V My future profession
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Read and translate the text:
Housing and capital construction is being carried out on a large scale in our country. That is why the building profession attracts many young men and women nowadays. There are many institutes in our country, which train civil and industrial engineers whose profession embraces many fields. A civil engineer constructs and reconstructs residential and industrial buildings, bridges, schools, palaces, museums, theatres, kindergartens and hospitals, power stations, dams, reservoirs and irrigation systems.
Engineers must have a scientific altitude, imagination, initiative and good judgements, obtained by experience and serious work.
They must know mathematics as well as physics and strength of materials. A qualified building worker must be able to read technical drawing. Civil engineers and architects must have some knowledge of sculpture, painting, design and mechanical engineering, geography, city planning, etc.
The successful fulfillment of housing plans in our country is a practical realization of industrialized building method. Nowadays houses are ambled from prefabricated units, which are delivered to the construction site.
Students of building institutes study these new building methods as well as building materials and their use. Students have field courses do practical before graduation. They learn the trade of builder, master professional skills and understand industrial management. They deal with building in warn and humid climates. Outstanding specialists teach them how to build at permafrost, at sea, how to protect buildings from earthquakes, how to preserve environment.
Civil engineers and architects have the main aim - to provide people with all modern conveniences, such as running water, gas, electricity, central heating and so on.
They must create attractive structures. An engineer is engaged to prepare the plan and specifications and usually to supervise the construction of the project. It is the duty of an engineer to design the project, which will most nearly satisfy the needs of the occupants at the lowest practical cost. Civil engineers must not only help to fulfil construction programs but to carry out scientific and research work, to improve building materials and methods.
So as I have been studing in the building institute now, I have to learn various subjects connected with professions of engineers and architects: architectural projecting, drawing geometry, painting, math and so on.
I am fond of art. It is very difficult to say what art is. It has been differently characterized in every epoch of history.
The word art comes from a Latin term meaning ‘skill, way or method’. In ancient times and during the Middle Ages all kinds of trades and professions were known as arts. The liberal arts of the medieval curriculum included music, but neither painting, sculpture, nor architecture, which were numbered among the mechanical arts. Only beginning with the fifteenth century, the term art has taken on as its principle characteristic the requirement of aesthetic appreciation as distinguished from utility.
The word aesthetic arises from a Greek term for ‘perceive’. What perceived aesthetically is ‘beauty’. The ability to embrace human experience and transmit it to the observer distinguishes the work of art. We admire the works of art without knowing anything of their purpose, standing as we do at a totally different moment of history.
There are many works of prehistoric art – like the animals on cave walls and ceiling. We enjoy the works of art that came down to us; the most wonderful are the Seven Wonders of the World, the Old Masters’ works, the Impressionists.
I want to study the works of art of the outstanding painters, sculptors and architects to understand their power over people.
2. Answer these questions and add information to the given text:
1. Explain why you entered architectural faculty?
2. Which is your favourite academic subject and why?
3. What means “scientific work” in the institute?
4. How do you think if your going in for scientific work during studying helps in future? Give the reason.
5. What subjects can help you to obtain skills?
6. What kind of practical experiment during classes will be useful for your profession?
7. What kind of architecture are you interested in: design of interiors, reconstruction of ancient buildings, research work in using of new architectural forms or building materials, city planning, design of landscape or anything else?
8. Where do you prefer to work after graduating from the institute: in the institute, on the building site, in the projecting institute, at the firm?
3. Find English equivalents to the Russian words:
a scale навык
to attract ощущать
to train иметь дело
to embrace создавать
residential жилец
a bridge цель
a kindergarten вечная мерзлота
a power station оросительная система
a dam пещера
a reservoir требование
an irrigation system детский сад
altitude наблюдатель, зритель
imagination власть
initiative термин
judgement способность
to obtain совершенствоваться
experience цель
fulfillment инициатива
to be ambled охватывать
to deliver спецификация
trade дамба
to master доставлять
management суждение
to deal with защищать
humid жилой
to protect передавать
earthquake стремление
to preserve восхищаться
aim почти
to provide with подготавливать
to be engaged соответствовать
to prepare отличать
specification выполнение
to supervise возникать
to satisfy сохранять
nearly профессия
an occupant хранилище
to fulfil приобретать
to carry out обучать
to improve выполнять
a term воображение
skill мост
to be numbered составлять
requirement электростанция
aesthetic опытный
to arise привлекать
perceive влажный
ability руководство
to transmit осуществлять
observer масштаб
to distinguish обеспечивать
to admire улучшать
purpose эстетичный
prehistoric землетрясение
a cave быть занятым
to enjoy осуществлять контроль
power наслаждаться
permafrost доисторический
to create перечислять
4. Find synonyms to the following words: навык (опыт), цель, профессия, обучать, совершенствовать (улучшать).Compose some sentences on the topic of the text using these words.
5. Define which field of mankind’s activity these word combinations belong to:
Construction |
Education |
Art |
Epoch-country |
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|
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Strength of materials, a qualified building worker, technical drawing, mechanical engineering, city planning, housing plan, prefabricated unit, construction site, field course, graduation, professional skill, modern conveniences, running water, electricity, central heating, attractive structure, to design the project, lowest practical cost, construction program, building materials, building methods, architectural projecting, drawing geometry, painting, Middle Ages, liberal art, medieval, curriculum, architecture, century, aesthetic appreciation, utility, Greek, beauty, human experience, Seven Wonders, the Old Masters’ works, the Impressionists.
6. Prove these statements using information from the text and additional one:
1) Housing and capital construction is being carried out on a large scale in our country (Why? In what manner?). 2) Civil engineers and architects must have knowledge of some science and art (What kind of knowledge? What for?). 3) Students of building institute study new building methods, materials and their use (What peculiarities of the builder’s trade?). 4) Civil engineers and architects must create attractive structures with all modern conveniences (What kind? What are differences between these two trades?).
7. Define some peculiarities between these trades – a constructer and an architect. What kinds are they? How should they cooperate and add each other? Compose a dialog between a constructer and an architect discussing work over any project that you are doing now.
8. So as your future profession is a constructer or a designer you should learn much more interesting information about magnificent structures of human history and their authors. Listen to the text “Seven Wonders of the World” where you can get acquainted with great structures, most of which did not survive.
Key–words to the text:
twin – двойня
goddess – богиня
chase – охота
robust – крепкий
limestone – известняк
average – в среднем
require – требовать
labor – труд
entire – весь, целый
cover – покрывать
orchard – фруктовый сад
to be enclosed – быть обнесенным
gate – ворота
temple – храм
Hanging Gardens – Висячие сады
to be accustomed – быть привычным
mountain scenery – горные пейзажи
receding – расходящийся
support – поддерживать
arch – арка
shrub – куст
curling – курчавый
beard – борода
deity – божество
lighthouse – маяк
tomb - гробница
9. Answer the questions to the test:
TEST
“Seven Wonders of the World”
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Diana was the goddess of the …
moon
sun
earth
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As the goddess of the …, Diana is pictured … .
health, undressed
beauty, in a dress
chase, in a skirt
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The pyramids of Egypt are built of blocks of … .
bricks
beards
limestone
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The pyramid for Cheops was being constructed for … years by … men.
twenty, one hundred thousand
twelve, one thousand and hundred
twin, one hundred and ten
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Babylon was enclosed by a … pierced by one hundred … .
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limit, shrubs
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brick wall, gates
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curling beard, tombs
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The Hanging Gardens were a … building of … terraces supported by … .
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square, curling, granite and bricks
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round, receding, bow and quiver
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square, receding, arch and columns
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The terraces of the Hanging Gardens were … with earth on which … grew.
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covered; scenery, maiden and deity
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pierced; fields, orchards and gardens;
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covered; flowers, shrubs and trees
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Zeus was represented as a man of … size with … .
a) gigantic; curling beard and hair
b) colossal; building gates and statue
c) great; covered arches and columns
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The movement of Zeuss’ … would shake … to its base.
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skirt; Babylon
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eyebrows; Olympus
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gardens; Ephesus
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The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was … of …; the colossus of Rhodes was … of; the Pharos was … of … .
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a bronze statue – King Mausolus; a tomb – a light-house; a tower-sun-god Apollo
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a tomb-King Mausolus; a bronze statue-sun-god Apollo; a tower-white marble
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a great statue-white marble; a light-house-Alexandria; sun-god Apollo-Halicarnassus.
10. Draw the depiction of any Wonder you like more. Without showing your picture to the group mates speak about it so that everyone could guess which depiction you have.