Appendix Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein is one of greatest scientists of our age, yet in his childhood he was slow, shy and backward. He found it extremely difficult to learn even to talk.

Later he became one of the most famous men in the world. The Theory of Relativity brought him fame on five continents. Yet, he led a very simple sort of life, went around in old clothes, and seldom wore a hat. He said that he did not care for fame or riches. The captain of a transatlantic ship once offered Einstein the most expensive rooms on the ship; Einstein refused and said he would rather travel on desk then accept any special favours. Einstein impressed everybody as being a very happy man. He said he was happy because he didn’t want anything from anybody. He didn’t want money or titles or praise. He made his own happiness cut of such simple things as his work, his violin and his boat. His violin brought him more joy than anything else in life. He said he often thought in music.

The Kremlin

The heart of Astrakhan is the Kremlin, a wonderful architectural ensemble. It is a famous monument of Russian architecture and military engineering art of the end of the 16^th centure. The Astrakhan Kremlin covers the territory of 11 hectares, the perimeter of it is 1544 metres, its walls are between 7 and 11 metres high. The Kremlin walls were used as peculiar and the most absolute system for defence. There were 3 rows of cannon loop-holes. Through these loop-holes the defenders could deliver fire.

Not only Uspenski and Troitski cathedrals but also bishop’s chambers, Kirillovskaya chapel were reserved up to our days.

Uspenski cathedral was built in 1710. Serf-peasant Dorofei Myakishev guided the work. Uspenski cathedral is 75m high. It has 5 gold domes. In its outward mounting we can see the features of early baroque. From the west the place of execution, the so-called “Lobnoye Mesto” joined the cathedral. The Tsar decrees and sentences were announced here.

Troitski cathedral consists of 3 churches: Troitskaya, Sretenskaya, Vedenskaya and two refectory chambers. One of the Kremlin Towers was called “pytochnaya”, people were put to torture there. The Kremlin with golden domes and towers attracts everybody’s attention and makes a strong impression on tourists and guests of the town because the Kremlin is an architecture monument of the 16^th century.

Uk political sistem

The United Kingdom of Great Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch, Queen as head of State. The organs of government are: Parliament, the executive and the judiciary.

The legislature, Parliament, is the supreme authority. It comprises two chambers- the House of Lords and the House of Commons- together with the Queen in her constitutional role.

The executive consists of the central Government- that is the Prime Minister and the cabinet and other ministers, who are responsible for initiating and directing the national policy, government departments, local authorities and public corporations.

The judiciary determines common law and interprets status and is independent of both the legislature and the executive.

The Government derives its authority from the elected House of Commons. A general election, for all seats in the House of Commons, must be held at least every five years. The Government is normally formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. The party’s leader is the Prime Minister appointed by the Queen. He chooses a team of ministers, of whom 20 or so are in the Cabinet. The second largest party becomes Her Majesty’s Loyal Opposition with its own leader and “Shadow Cabinet”. The House of Commons comprises members from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland who represent people whose history and traditions differ.

The House of Lords is a hereditary chamber.

In Great Britain there is no written constitution, only customs, traditions and precedents.