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СЕКЦИЯ III

ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

S.V. Kochetkov, O.V. Kochetkova

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE’S

INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM

The scientific problem is the resolution of the contradiction between the possibility of the technological gap and the need for innovative development of enterprise’s industrial system.

Measurement of the innovative capabilities of enterprise’s industrial system is based on the developed mechanism regulating effectiveness of an enterprise’s innovative activity which includes the methodical approach to valuation an innovative activity at the enterprise level and the system of ensuring the results of the innovative activities of the enterprises.

Industry, the innovative enterprise, the mechanism regulating effectiveness of enterprise’s innovative activity, global innovators, the performance indicators, Research and Development

Innovation is a central driver of growth. It can be expressed by targeted accumulation of qualitative changes in various elements of the economic system of the enterprise, allowing him at the bifurcation points to move to another position.

In this regard there is an objective need of forming a fundamentally new economic relation, and consequently the transformation of the types of economic activities that constitute a new combination of sources of economic growth under conditions of becoming of the national economy of developed countries (Fig. 1).

The research shows innovation does not necessarily proceed linearly from basic scientific research to product development; it is an iterative process of both matching market needs to technological capabilities and conducting research to fill gaps in knowledge, whether during product conception, product design, manufacturing, marketing, or other phases of the innovation process. Commercial success depends as much on the ability of firms to establish and protect a proprietary advantage in the marketplace as it does on their ability to generate new scientific and technical advances (Tabl. 1).

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Fig. 1. Waves of innovation of the first and the next industrial revolution

Source: Hargroves, K. and Smith, M. (2005) The Natural Advantage of Nations: Business Opportunities, Innovation and Governance in the 21st Century, The Natural Edge Project, Earthscan, London. – P. 17.

T a b l e 1 The vertical analysis of the Top 100 Global Innovators

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Source: 2012 THOMSON REUTERS TOP 100 GLOBAL INNOVATORS. Honoring the world leaders in innovation: Findings and Methodology. – PP. 6–8; Olesia V. Kochetkova’s calculations.

Based on this analysis the innovators face different obstacles in developing and marketing new products, processes, and services, and must proceed through a different set of steps to successfully bring a new invention to market. Not only do differences in industry structure and the nature of markets impose different constraints on the innovation process, but science, technology, and innovation are linked in different ways in different industries (Fig. 2).

In “Business cycles. A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process” Schumpeter argued that “We will now define innovation more rigorously by means of the production function previously introduced. This function describes the way in which quantity of product varies if quantities of factors vary. If, instead of quantities of factors, we

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vary the form of the function, we have an innovation. But this not only limits us, at first blush at least, to the case in which the innovation consists in producing the same kind of product that had been produced before by the same kind of means of production that had been used before, but also raises more delicate questions. Therefore, we will simply define innovation as the setting up of a new production function. This covers the case of a new commodity, as well as those of a new form of organization such as a merger, of the opening up of new markets, and so on. Recalling that production in the economic sense is nothing but combining productive services, we may express the same thing by saying that innovation combines factors in a new way, or that it consists in carrying out New Combinations, although, taken literally, the latter phrases would also include what we do not now mean to include – namely, those current adaptations of the coefficients of production which are part and parcel of the most ordinary run of economic routine within given production functions.” (Schumpeter, 1939, p. 84).

Manufactures

Fuels and mining products

Agricultural products All figures are in US$ billion

Fig. 2. Merchandise exports by region and product 2011 (US$ billion)

Source: 2012 International Trade Statistics by World Trade Organization. – PP. 50–51.

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Innovative activity defines the technological limits of an enterprise, revealing qualitative and quantitative parameters for the development of its economic system that sets at the bifurcation point the direction of subsequent movement. This is based on the assertion of the existence and effect of innovative waves, the stages of scientific and technological progress, and technological modes. On this basis, author – O.V. Kochetkova – believes that for measurement and regulation of the innovative development of industrial enterprise important is the fact that the manufacturing system will be open innovation only when their assimilation will become a condition of its development. This is unconditionally requires the development of certain economic instruments (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. The content of economic set of instruments for measurement and regulation of innovative development of the industrial enterprises

Source: Kochetkov, S.V. & Kochetkova, O.V. (2009). Economic set of instruments of measurement and regulation of innovative development of industrial enterprise. Age of Quality. Communications: Certification, Management, Economy, no. 3. – P. 65. (in Russian).

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Innovation performance tends to be highly skewed across regions, both within and across nations (Tab. 2).

Source: Jaruzelski, B., Loehr, J., and Holman, R. The 2012 Global Innovation 1000. Key Findings.(Perspective of booz&co.). – P. 6.

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By kinds of economic activity the intensity of innovation expenses in Russia in the mining industry is comparable with Ireland (1.44% and 1.86%, respectively), in the food industry with Italy (0.83% and 11%, respectively), in the woodworking industry with Spain. In chemistry by expenditure on innovations (4.49%) Russia is positioned somewhere among France and Norway (3.62% and 3.97%) and Germany (7.98%). In metallurgy and machinery industries this indicator is most close to France (1.26% and 1.2% in metallurgy and 1.83% and 1.92% in machinery-building). By these indicators the high technology industries show considerable lagging compared to the leading countries, however, they are close to a group of “modest innovators” [18].

Innovative capacity denotes the ability to generate new knowledge, new technology and new artifacts and to apply these novelties in a useful way. The concept of innovative capacity evaluates both the current capabilities to innovate and the innovative potentials that may affect innovativeness in the longer term (Tabl. 3) [19, 20, 21].

In this case, there is an objective necessity to study of the “unifying” aspect of the movement of innovation, based on integrity, unity and com-

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plexity of social production that is the basis of the developed system of indicators of performance innovative activities of enterprise (Tabl. 4) [7, 8].

T a b l e 4 The performance indicators of enterprise‘s innovative activity

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CCE IIi

tl

(2) The Coefficient of the conjugate effectiveness innovative products (CCoE) substantiates the share produced by the enterprise of conjugate innovation (Ic) in the total volume of innovation:

CCoE Ic Itl

The methodical approach was offered for economic valuation of the innovative activities of enterprise which facilitates identification of factors and conditions of transformation of the industrial enterprises in the manufacturing systems of innovative type. System of the performance indicators of the enterprise’s innovative activities was developed and proved which is based on the manufacturing systems of innovative type. Based on the principles to managing innovative changes at the enterprise level and provided of radicalism innovations built a functional and level model of enterprise innovative system which defines the set of criteria of innovative development, and practical guidance for their use.

List of References

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3.Doing business in a more transparent world. 2012. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. – 212 p.

4.IVASHCHENKO, N. (2000). Production and economic systems in an industry in the Russia (transformation, forming, development), (Ed.). Moscow, Russia, TEIS. (in Russian).

5.INSEAD The Business School for the World. 2011. The Global Innovation Index 2011: Accelerating Growth and Development. Fontainebleau, France: INSEAD. – P. 214.

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6.Innovation Union Scoreboard 2011. Research and Innovation Union scoreboard. European Union, 2012. – 101 p.

7.Kochetkov, S.V. Evaluation of innovative capacity of the industrial enterprises // Economist. – 2006. – No. 5. – P. 34–38. (in Russian).

8.Kochetkov S.V., & Kochetkova O.V. Complex use of innovation potential is the basis of the Russian industrial enterprises development // Vestnik Samara State University of Economics. – 2008. – No. 7 (45). – P. 42–45.

9.Kochetkov S.V., Kochetkova O.V. (Eds.). (2009). Innovativeness as an attribute of value of industrial enterprise. Proceedings from MVB ’09: All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference on To managing value business. Kazan, Volga Federal District, Russian Federation: published by KSFEI (Kazan State Finance and Economics Institute). (in Russian).

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Moscow, Russia: Economics. (in Russian).

11.López-claros, A. (2011): The Innovation for Development Report 2010 – 2011: Innovation as a Driver of Productivity and Economic Growth. – European Business School: 2011. – 325 p.

12.(2011) Report of the Expert Panel on Service innovation in the EU, “Meeting the Challenge of Europe 2020. The transformative power of service innovation,” available online at http://www.europe-innova.eu/c/document_ li- brary/get_file?folderId=383528&name=DLFE-11303.pdf

13.Schubert T., Neuhäusler P., Frietsch R., Rammer C., Hollanders H. (2011): Innovation Indicator: Methodology Report. – October 2011. – P. 5.

14.Schumpeter J.A. (1939). Business Cycles. A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. New York Toronto London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

15.Vinokurov V.I. (2005). Basic terms and definitions in area of innovation. Journal about Innovative activities on Innovation, 4, 6–21. (in Russian).

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18.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. 2009. National Innovation System and State Innovation Policy of the Russian Federation: Background Report to the OECD Country Review of the

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