V. Put the sentences into Past и Future Simple. Use the words last, next year, month, tomorrow, yesterday. Translate them into Russian.

a). Make the sentences negative.

b). Ask the general question. Write the answers “Yes”, “No”.

А. 1. You are late for the lecture.

2. I am very busy today.

3. He is 18 years old.

4. Your idea is very interesting.

5. I am sorry. They are not at the office at the moment.

6. Where are the keys? – In your jacket, I think.

7. He is in a regular contact with Peter.

8. What’s the time, please? – Two o’clock.

В. 1.This book has many diagrams.

2. He has good news and good luck.

3. Today they have time to go to the cinema.

4. She has a map of Great Britain.

5. Students have several exams in June.

6. I have something to tell you.

7. Peter has many interesting books on geodesy.

8. You have a reputation for business.

С. 1.There is only one interesting article in that journal.

2. There is the problem to solve.

3. There are many places to see in Moscow.

4. There is no answer to my question.

5. There are three hundred people at the meeting.

6. There are many students at the lectures.

7. There is a beautiful lake in that valley.

8. There are several good bookshops in our city.

VI. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Cement.

cement - [si'ment] – цемент, цементировать

fine powder - ['paudə] – мелкий порошок

binding properties - ['baɪndɪŋ 'prɔpətɪz] – вяжущие свойства

raw materials - [rɔː mə'tɪərɪəlz] – сырьевые материалы

limestone - ['laɪmstəun] – известняк

chalk - [ʧɔːk] – мел

clay - [kleɪ] – глина

marl - [mɑːl] – мергель

produce -[prə'djuːs]– производить

kiln - [kɪln] - печь для обжига и сушки

mixing - ['mɪksɪŋ] – перемешивание

burning of clinkers - ['bəːnɪŋ] – обжиг клинкера

grinding - ['graɪndɪŋ] – измельчение

rotate - [rəu'teɪt] – вращаться

slurry - ['slʌrɪ] – шлам

slide down - [slaɪd] – скользить вниз

take place – происходить

constituent - [kən'stɪtjuənt] – составная часть

mortar - ['mɔːtə] – раствор

concrete - ['kɔŋkriːt] – бетон

housing - ['hauzɪŋ] – жилищное строительство

setting time – время схватывания

shrink – подвергаться усадке

cracking – образование трещин

water – cement ratio – водоцементное отношение

VII . Read and translate the text Cement.

Cement is a fine powder. It has good binding properties. Cement is usually of grey colour. There are also white and coloured cements. Cement is made of different materials. The materials for cement are: limestone, chalk, marl and clay. Those are raw materials.

There are three stages in producing cement. They are: 1) grinding and mixing the raw materials, 2) burning of clinkers, 3) grinding of clinkers. There are special kilns for burning clinkers. The temperature of the kilns is high. The kiln rotates slowly as the slurry slides down to its lower end. During the burning chemical combination takes place between the constituents, and cement clinkers come out of the kiln. A special machine makes powder from them.

Clinker composition depends on the nature of the raw materials, the proportioning, the process (wet or dry), the plant equipment and laboratory control.

The main cement types used in construction are:

Fire Cement – огнеупорный цемент

Hydraulic Cement – гидравлический цемент

Normal Portland Cement – обычный портландцемент

Special Cement – быстротвердеющий цемент

The main differences between cements are in setting time, mineralogical composition, resistance to chemical attack and colour. All cements shrink during setting. So shrinkage is one of the main characteristics of cements. It leads to much cracking in buildings and depends on water-cement ratio. The smaller the amount of water the less shrinkage will be.

Cement is widely used in all types of construction: industrial, housing, agricultural 1) for binding panels, stones, bricks and 2) for producing mortars and concretes.

Cement is the key ingredient of concrete and a key ingredient of the world’s

infrastructure.