IV. Translate these sentences into Russian.

1. This is a very good book. I have just read it with pleasure.

2. He has been absent this week. He has been ill.

3. I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been?

4. By the beginning of the lecture the laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams.

5. Have you finished your diploma work yet? No, I shall have finished it by the end of June.

6. They won’t have passed their exams by the time you return.

7. Show me the dress you have made yourself, please.

8. She has never spoken to him.

9. Give me a pencil please. I’ve lost mine.

V. Choose the correct verb forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. He (has graduated, graduated) from Moscow University named after Lomonosov this year.

He (will graduate, will have graduated) from Moscow University named after Lomonosov in 6 years.

2. She (saw, has seen) us in the morning yesterday.

She (saw, has seen) us this morning.

3. I (have met, met) him last year.

I never (had met, have met) him before.

4. Our group (will do, will have done) a lab work tomorrow.

Our group (will have done, will do) a lab work by 7 o’clock.

5. This problem (is discussed, has been discussed) in the press lately.

This problem (was discussed, had been discussed) yesterday.

VI. Work in pairs. Use Perfect Passive verb forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Model: He has received a letter.

The letter has been received.

1. The students have done their homework very well.

2. Tom has left his notebook at home.

3. I have told you about a lecture.

4. The assistant had prepared the experiment by 2 o’clock.

5. She had finished her test when we came.

6. The teacher had examined all the students by 5 o’clock.

7. I have not made my plans yet.

8. The boy has not told the truth.

VII. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Plastics.

Plastics [`plæstiks] - пластмасса, синтетические материалы

Discovery [dis`k٨vƏri] – открытие

To contain [kƏn`tein] - содержать

Synthetic resin [sin`θetik `rezin] - искусственная смола

Celluloid [selju:`loid] - целлулоид

To mould [`mould] -формовать

Rigid [`ridჳid] - жесткий

Impenetrable [im`penitrƏbl] – непроницаемый

Flexible [`fleksƏbl] - гибкий

To derive from [di`raiv] - происходить от

Thermosetting [θƏ:mou`setiŋ] - термореактивный

Thermoplastic [θƏ:mou`plæstik] - термопластический

To distinguish [dis`tingwi∫] - различать

Behaviour [bi`heivjƏ] - поведение

Fibrous material [`faibrƏs] - волокнистый материал

To replace [ri`pleis] - заменять

Covering [`k٨veriŋ] - покрытие

VIII. Read and translate the text Plastics.

Plastics are the most important materials resulting from scientific discoveries. They contain synthetic resin, forming high molecular substances. The word plastic is a general name for a group of materials meaning “capable of being moulded”. The plastics industry dates perhaps from 1870 with the initial production of celluloid.

There are now hundreds of different plastics, each with its own particular properties. Some plastics are hard, rigid and quite impenetrable by light. Others are flexible as celluloid even more transparent and extremely hard. But all of them were developed by scientists from chemicals derived from coal, petroleum, water and air.

By alloying, modifying and changing the structure of polymers technologists produce different kinds of plastics. There are two basic groups of plastics: “thermosetting” and “thermoplastic” distinguished by their behavior when heated.

Today plastics are of great importance because they offer a unique combination of properties valuable for construction. They are: small unit weight, great mechanical strength, durability, good insulating properties, variety of colours, resistance to corrosion and chemicals.

Plastics can be reinforced by fibrous materials such as glass fibre, nylon. Plastics are suitable for many purposes. In some cases they replace metal and glass.

Nowadays plastics can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundation to the final coat of paint. A lot of decorative plastics have brought about a revolution in interior and exterior design. Plastics are good for walls covering. It can last for 20 years or more due to its durability in schools, hostels, cinemas, offices, hotels, and ships. Wall covering is easily and simply cleaned with hot soapy water and a cloth – this is the only maintenance required. Laminate is another example. It is a strong material manufactured from many layers of paper or textile impregnated with thermosetting resins. This sandwich is then pressed and subjected to heat. Laminate gives the tough (strong) surface. It resists severe weather conditions for more than ten years without serious deformation.

In conclusion we can say that plastics are really the wonder engineering materials of the modern age.