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group, its awareness in the situation, with logical arguments and discussions, judgments about the events taking place in the environment, etc. special attention will be paid.

Such a variety of data requires a large number of methods to obtain and process it. Currently, ethnological science uses several methods of research: the use of written sources, analysis of oral legends, archaeological and anthropological data, and statistical data (census data are especially popular).

The most important method of the research of written data is the method of research in Ethnology. The most widely used Ethnography, written data relating to the history of the people or characterizing their culture. Currently, many unknown facts provide information about the history and culture of the peoples of different countries in different periods. For example, these include geographers' reports, sailors' records, traders' reports, etc.b can be said.

As a real historical event, it is necessary to evaluate the exhibits, the ideas of the people who have deeply studied their history. For an ethnographer, it is important, as it will tell about how one nation is connected with another state.

Oral legends. Its value lies in the fact that historical consciousness is a clear manifestation. According to the experience of ethnological studies, a diverse level of development of peoples living in are close to the culture of peoples is also characteristic. For example, in the middle of the 20th century, the legend of some African tribes passed from generation to generation by inheritance 400 years of their heads. It is very important to obtain ethnological data from oral legends, as his life will be short. However, with time on new ideas legends have been updated, they will move on to historical events.

Archaeological data. Uses archaeological data to restore the ethnic history and cultural history of a particular nation. In comparison with other data, it refers to real reliable factors, as it can accurately determine the time of culture or historical time. The high availability of this method lies in the use of modern archaeological approaches. For example, in the thermoluminescent method we can determine the time of ceramic products. The most widely used method, according to archaeological data, is statistical. Analysis, evaluation, interpretation of this information helps to come up with ethnological concepts.

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Comparative linguistics. Another important method in ethnological research, by studying the degree of kinship and proximity of different words, scientists can determine the faith in speech. Based on endogenous processes, some languages can change the meaning of intensive development. And some languages for thousands of centuries remained in the same state, without losing their identity.

Experience shows that an important method for ethnographers is to achieve an effective result by systematically comparing several languages. You can see the level of development of culture in the cultural relations of each nation. He has one difficulty, as for the application of this method, the researcher must be well-versed in several languages.

Method of using census results. Since the mid-twentieth century, statistical information has been constantly updated, the most important of which is the population census. Increasing its relevance, thanks to these figures, scientists can get ethnic information on many issues. With the help of socio-demographic problems, ethnographer can learn in the field, the social situation, education, specialty, the device of the house, the period of residence of people in a certain area. According to the results of the census, we can see the dynamics of growth, population decline.

Field research. Studies of ethnographers aimed at certain areas are carried out to determine the species life of certain people. The formation of this method is closely related to the study of Ethnography of dependent peoples.

1.3 Interview method in ethnology

The interview method is the one of way researching social psychology. Nowadays it is using even in ethnology science. Their researcher (interviewer) is talking to the respondent, during the interview he pays attention to word processing, different reactions, sign of respect. Talking would be about certain questions due to the aim of the researcher by the special plan. The researcher should be methodic and qualified to define the desire of the respondent on his face. The objectivity of text could not be determined by this method, because the person who is interested in the interview may give fake or

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untruthful information. Interviews divide into several types due to the aims of the research. It is an interview with a person (personal interview), also can be with special organized groups (family, friends, etc.). The interview has standard (with prepared programs) and thematic types too.

It is recommended to use these methods by learning different styles of it. You may read some articles with deep interest, while in another one you read only-lead. Do not do such mistakes of authors. In conclusion, an interview must be light for thoughts, informative, and relating to varied problems. In that case, we give our attention to content and forms of an interview. We can get lots of information about what success the company reached before and what they are expecting in the future and other changes (not about the company, we should write like that about people) from the conclusion part. The conclusion part of the interview is the basis of all information. There should be certain thought in the text, therefore everything is related to it, you lose nothing.

Before writing the interview, feel that you are talking about a certain theme with your respondent. I am not sure that your conversation is far from logic (even if it is like that, prevent it from being in the prepared text), thought is scattered and not linked with each other. So, the text is made like this way, but do not forget about your readers. They do not have any information about the respondent, they just analyze from your interview. That is why your words should be understandable for all readers. During the interview, readers are not obligated to solve problems what was going between interviewer and respondent, what is the main idea of this interview.

There are lots of cases when the respondent is not able to show his opinion brightly as he wants. Before writing your conversation on the paper, it is important to define the main aim of the respondent and write it as possible as imaginative. Rewriting the interview is easier in the process of writing rather than interviewing. The text of the interview is affirmed, so it is good to correct if you have any mistakes before. It fixes your faults.

If the idea of an interview is right, the respondent would be glad to you, because it shows him as a person who has own opinion with the ability to answer the questions and who has his place in the society. He definitely, would accept your suggestion next time too.

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Nowadays, using the phrases and method of debate (sometimes your collocutor is interested, sometimes you would argue) and asking spontaneous questions is always intriguing. The interview in a certain theme could be insipid. Therefore, it plays vital role to analyze everything before.

The interview is a greeting genre, it is a conversation with one or several people about something relevant. Whilst the interview, there could be defined as the deep meaning of a certain thing or case by talking of respondents. The genres of an interview are divided into informative and explanatory. They are also divided into other kinds.

The informative interview contains Q&A dialog between interviewer and respondent, monolog interview when respondent gives a long answer to one short question, content interview with a definition of respondent's answer. These have no definitional analysis, they are just like a report of the interview.

The explanatory interview contains interview description, a conversation of the mass media conference, briefing and questionnaire. They inform not only data, case, event, but also their confidentiality and definition of complicated stories.

The briefing is organized by a suggestion of respondents to explain necessary things to people. During the media conference, media officials are making an interview with several informers at the same time. Ethnographers put the question in turn and get the answers. Specialists who are solving problems in the process of the expedition would be invited and asked in the turn, after what gives their answers.

1.4 Methods of analyzing ethnographical information

Sociological research is not only selecting information. It aims to make interpretational proof to searches facts. The first selected information is invalid for theoretical the analysis and must be recycled. The goal of sociological research is related to analysis of certain problems at this time. The object of empirical sociological research must be relevant. It is important to check sociological research: define the order and types of work, realize the scientific programs, evaluate financial damages and resources, define the stages of research

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and count the time that certain works need, organize the action of research group by managing performers of labor.

Analyzing and researching the given information is the most interesting part of the research. We get answers to predictions and questions in advance, also recheck it to determine new problems. The aim of our work considers basic methods but does not contemplate the analysis of technical data. We try to study simple technical equipment not to complicate analytical opportunities, common methods.

Treatment of empirical data and preparing of analysis. Treatment of original sociological information could be done in-

dependently, also it could be treated by little mechanism and computer technics. There are such parts of treatment original information like this:

1.Treatment of logical scheme and planning analysis of gotten data. In the process of this part, the form of selecting information, manual and mechanic codifying methods would be clarified.

2.Treatment of mathematical security by computer method, also research materials of necessary programs, sometimes new program software are determined.

3.Preparation of original sociological data to treatment. This work is hardworking. The treatment of data is done by defined signs according to classification. Checking the questionnaire provides to qualified filling. It services 3 stages:

– the complete of filling (lack of interest to answer, misunderstanding question, neglect to filling the questionnaire);

–confidence (deviation due to selection's visualization, checking the quality by observing, deleting opposite questions, filtering special cattily questions);

–technical sides (comfortability of treatment). Organizing all answers that let to copy easily the data. All punctuation would remove.

Next, all materials that are related to treatment would be counted and given a serial number. Data is codified, i.e. it is given a conditional explanation (cipher, code). If all questions in the questionnaire are closed, codification would be active before going to treatment. In relation to half-closed and closed questions, it is impossible only when they are "totally closed". It is observed the quality and mistakes by going to stages of codified data.

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Types and contain of grouping:

Statistical grouping – consolidation to several groups by own definition and common characteristics;

General grouping – it is a kind with only one sign of data. So, the set of grouping could be divided by age, gender, education;

Complicated grouping – it is a kind by two signs (characteristics, indicator) in such aims: a) finding the certain dependent between them; b) realizing the observation between indicators;

Chronological – when there is one contain sign in a primary item, i.e. illustration temporary aspect (for example, answers to control and basic questions);

Regional – illustrating the space aspect sign in primary item (region, country).

Complicated primary has two types: a) grouped; b) structured. There are rules during the filling sociological table: a) if pheno-

menon has no place, then should be dash – ; b) if there is no information about phenomenon, then should be three dots (…) or written "no information"; c) if there is a few information, then they should be written 0.0

The structure of sociological researches report. The main requirements for constructing it.

Sociological researches' report is a sample of concluding sociological researches.

The research program contains explaining all parts, a compilation of used theories, methodological and methodical apparatus, definition and describing gotten materials, conclusion and suggestions. It is the personal type of research work, it prepares the decorative sides of documents, incidentally, scientific works are monographic, dissertation,etc. The report is informing about the decisions of research tasks. Also, there are such prefixes:

The sequence in the making research program; Analyzing empirical data;

Proving the conclusion and suggestions.

There are given digital, image and other indicators and documents, at the same time and methodological materials: questionnaire, forms, test, etc.

The report is started from the introduction, there are proved not only research themes but also the place or plan.

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In the first part of the report, it is given common characteristics to research work, open the main method and define a methodological condition of a research program, special paragraph, and the process of realizing the program.

In the second part, there are analyzed the results of research works and included the conclusion and suggestions.

The uniqueness is that it shows kinds of research: very scientific or applied. Firstly, we should pay attention to variety and the definition of aims and obligations of research are the basis of work. Also, the degree of data treatment is evaluated, there are made steps to discuss the solution. In the part of analyzing research results, the solution stage of set exercises is proved, on the base of these it concluded and recommendations are discussed. It would be given data to additional reports and covered all parts of additives. This kind of report could be realized even in "ordered" special researches. However, the main attention must be related to the process of making conclusions and recommendations.

Usually, it prepares the shortest variant of a report with the total report, i.e. it shows the main directions of interpretation and way of decision.

There are two types of reports: intermediate and deduction. The Intermediate report shows unfinished research work or original first

results' analysis.

The report of research work completely decide different researchers and searching depth; going with methodological system and methodological apparat of research; concluding the work, studying stages during the process of a conclusion. Recommendations, as the main part, as the research work, as the accurate of report analysis should be requirements.

Having concluded, the process of making sociological research works are showed in different kinds (scientific method and action), therefore it is effective for sociologists to pay attention to theoretical basics of research work, having people, members of the scientific group, who are interested in sociological research analysis. It is important not to let being two situations, keeping systematic predictions at the beginning of expertizing: conclusion in advance, sometimes it takes away from the goal of research work. First is grouping and selecting, elements of prediction's description, next is approaching to

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refinement and interpretation predictions, understandings. If predicttions are wrong, concentrate on the conclusion, it is not equal to predictions. Refinement will not be mistaken with interpretation. The last and significant service of the method is an opportunity for making reasonable dependence, discussing law and other common tendencies, predicting. Also, sociological empirical researchers are out of limits in sociological problems. Politics and politicians, lawyers and managers, philosophers and theologies, philologists and journalists, economists and businessmen, psychologists and teachers, historians, cultural workers, and art historians, sociological workers and others are active information users, empirical sociological researches are making through them. They solve their problems using it.

1.5 Methods of theoretical and manual ethnological researches

Everything is started from a personal research system. It is the plan of making research. The totally done system is proof of resultative research.

Research program – checking the match between the work its theory-methodological prerequisites and indicators of doing rituals, actions.

Ideally, theoretical-manual programs include: 1) methodological part, a segment of solving problems, defining goals and obligations, interpretation of basic understandings, predicting settle of researches; 2) using tools in the organizing-methodological segment, kinds and methods of data selecting, choosing the set, types, and schemes of the data treatment, expertizing periods.

Sociological researches are for professionals. Sociological tools in the hands of non-professional could be awful and useless. Also, it is important not to forget every research work needs a group. For example, 1) clarify obligations, prepare the program; 2) selecting empirical data: 3) treating selected data; 4) writing report; 5) giving the work for a customer.

It is recommended to show the main principles in the treatment program of sociological research as it related to solving a problem. There understands in the investigation specialist – learning to a new place, new work. It could be social, industrial, psychological and others.

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Scientific work usually started from constructing a used literature list and expertizing it. Afterwards, it is showing signs that we talked before. For example, how to display the learning stages indicator, study, labor, life, etc.

The next important degree in the work with the program is to issue predictions during research. Prediction is the main sociological tool that organizes the process of researching. Predictions are proved opinion about a learnt object, its sociological relation, in solving sociological problems.

The requirement of research program could be used in such ways:

First and important requirement is a necessity. Working without a program may provide to mistakes, non-resulting of time and method in some cases and be complicated for research. While the process of research, the understanding does not "covered" by data, sociological data are not be treated without predictions.

Therefore filling such questionnaires is impossible: data is not full, chose is not equal to program tasks, answers and asked questions are different from and not linked. In the end, it provides thought to do it in another way from the beginning of work.

The second requirement is explicit of program. All its rules should be correct and elements are equal to logical researches. Light programming could not exchange strong law and events. Besides, the program is a common document for collective and if it would not be actual and obvious, there could be problems with finding common relations. So they spend their time constructing questions and linking it.

The third requirement is a logical link of all elements in the program. It is prohibited to start work from choosing the plan before exclamation with goals and solutions of research. Cause it is not effective to make a personal prediction without defining the whole object. And there is no way to observe methods of selected data till the information about the correct plan of research, empirical interpretation of solved understandings. Shortly, all segments of the program are linked with one logical line. Therefore one mistake in a certain part could provideother errors.

The fourth requirement is flexibility of the program. Due to discovering mistakes, it could be added. Firstly they show goals of the program and draw an outline of predictable conclusion's research

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tasks, make a little research in relation to people, afterward there would be constructed the whole program. Program is one part of scientific works and could be published as personal research work.

The publishing of the program is like a license for work in production.

Chapters of program

The plan of research work is the organic part. There are written the process of work from stage to stage and time, if it is necessary, performers would register and it made the costing and matching the number of officials. Here it would be defined the time of preliminary and conclusion results. When there is an organization of manual research, the customer is waiting for planned researches and, according to sociologists' opinion, nor correct nor almost done or failed. It is significant to determine all these moments. If your aims, tasks, and results of opportunity are not matched with customer's desire, it provides problems during making the conclusion. The interpretation and structure of the sociological research program is related to its common direction, i.e. the main goal of research. According to this point of view, there are two types.

1.Theoretical – manual research, its goal is to know struggles, explaining interpretation in compare with previous experience and affecting to solve it through making new steps.

2.Manual sociological researches directed to solve in the experience of recommendation certain active methods in a certain time to decide sociological unresolved problems in enough defined kind. This researches, sometimes, is called engineering. In sociology, theoretical relations are realized in social life, people and organization, in such services, certain applications, although the result is to installation social plan to entering for the experience. The research program is constructed independence. But nevertheless, without reference to the main goal, its plan is about experimental interests. Ideally made program is a basic of research success. The theoretical-manual program of research contains the followings.

Methodological chapter of the program.

1.Concluding unresolved problems, define the difference between an object and its research area.

2.Putting the research problem and determine the goal.

3.Precise main definitions and interpretations.

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