- •Tapescripts
- •Introduction
- •Aviation English
- •Part I English in Aviation communication
- •Dreams take flight
- •Concorde - end of an era?
- •Deal could revive supersonic flights
- •Airbus 350 cleared for take-off
- •International aviation and space shows
- •The flight crew
- •The Flight Deck
- •Reducing fuel burn on the md-11
- •Sukhoi Superjet 100
- •Air Traffic Control
- •Air traffic controllers
- •Controller-pilot data link communication
- •Free flight
- •Recommendations for air traffic controllers
- •At the Airport
- •A modern airport
- •A Variety of Airport jobs
- •Controlling the planes
- •Airport transport and vehicle
- •Truck collapse leads to delay
- •Welcome aboard
- •Recommendations for pilots
- •Cabin staff
- •Services on board singapore Airlines launches Connexion-based live tv
- •Onboard cellphone
- •Bad passenger behaviour
- •Plane diverted after passenger attacks crew
- •1. First Aid
- •Medical care in air
- •Doctor’s recommendations
- •Potential health risks for pilots
- •Aerodrome forecasts
- •Flying forecast
- •Meteorological hazards
- •Volcanic ash
- •Wind shear and turbulence alerts at Hong Kong International Airport
- •Bird strike hazard
- •Border collies prove effective in controlling wildlife at airports
- •Cabin safety
- •Flight hazards
- •The effect of fatigue on performance and safety
- •Decision-making and Team performance
- •Emergency landing
- •European inspection programme targets aircraft during airport turnarounds
- •Turnaround
- •Aircraft security. The threat of terrorism
- •Hijackers escape
- •Security alert
- •Collision course
- •The runway collision at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport
- •Kegworth crash
- •Flying fur
- •Steps to eliminate runway incursions
- •Recommendations for pilots and controllers
- •The taxi phase should be treated as a critical phase of flight
- •General phraseology and guidance in the uk
- •Recommendations for Pilots:
- •How to be a safe pilot
- •What communication skills mean
- •Plane's mayday call missed due to pilot's poor English
- •Effective Communication
- •Recommendations for pilots and controllers
- •Linguistic problems of aviation english
- •Confusingly related words
- •Part II. English for everyday communication
- •A pilot by passengers’ eyes
- •Flight attendants
Sukhoi Superjet 100
Sukhoi Superjet 100 aeroplane family is being developed based on the principle of maximum standardization of frame assemblies and systems, viz.: wings, fins, chassis, engine unit, crew cabin, basic aeroplane systems and component parts.
The standardization of the design makes it possible to improve the economic performance of the aeroplane family operation.
The aerodynamics and design of the aeroplanes of the family are based on proven advanced technology to minimise technical risks at the stage of design, testing and operation.
The aeroplanes of the family have 2 standard sizes for 75 and 95 seats to comply with the customer interests among airlines. Modern modification is designed for use on a network of various-length routes. It makes possible for airlines to improve the economic performance of their operations based on the route structure and passenger flows.
The design meets the specific ICAO requirements of the ground noise level standards and conforms to current and long-range requirements of Russian and global market in commercial aeroplanes.
Unit 3. Air traffic management
11 Exercise 1.
Air Traffic Control
Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air. A controller's primary task is to separate certain aircraft — to prevent them from coming too close to each other horizontally and vertically. Secondary tasks include ensuring orderly and expeditious traffic flow and providing advisories, such as weather information and navigation directions (vectors).
Air traffic control services can be divided into two major subspecialties, terminal control and en-route control.
1.The primary method of controlling the immediate airport environment is visual observation from the control tower. Tower controllers are responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicles operating on the taxiways and runways of the airport itself, and aircraft in the air near the airport, generally 2 to 5 nautical miles depending on the airport procedures.
The areas of responsibility for tower controllers fall into three general operational disciplines: Ground Control, Local Control (Tower in North America), and Clearance Delivery.
2. En-route Air Traffic Controllers issue clearances and instructions for airborne aircraft, and pilots are required to comply with these instructions. Controllers adhere to a set of separation standards that define the minimum distance allowed between aircraft.
En-route air traffic controllers work in facilities called Area Control Centers, each of which is commonly referred to as a "Center".
Each center is responsible for many thousands of square miles of airspace (known as a Flight Information Region) and for the airports within that airspace.
As an aircraft reaches the boundary of a Center's control area it is "handed off" to the next Area Control Center. This "hand-off" process is simply a transfer of identification between controllers. Once the hand-off is completed, the aircraft is given a frequency change and begins talking to the next controller. This process continues until the aircraft is handed off to a terminal area controller ("Approach").
12 Exercise 2.