Англійська
.pdfEnglish-Speaking Countries
event |
a happening, usually smg. |
familiar |
important |
well known |
|
force |
to make somebody do |
|
smg., leaving no alterna |
|
tive choice |
industry |
manufacture or production |
|
of goods |
labour |
physical or mental work |
lake |
a large area of water sur |
|
rounded by land |
middle |
half way point |
native |
associated with the place |
|
of one’s birth |
occupation |
taking or holding by force, |
|
esp. of a defeated country |
offer |
to provide, give |
office |
official position |
peninsula |
an area of land almost sur |
|
rounded by water and con |
|
nected to the mainland |
recently |
a short time ago |
related |
connected or associated |
represent |
to show an example of |
The Festival is a unique event in the ar tistic life of Scotland.
The name of this English city has re cently become quite familiar to students and staff of Lviv State Polytechnic Uni versity.
Hundreds of Ukrainian refugees were forced to flee their country during and immediately after the Second World War. In the Middle Ages the city was famous for its textile industry.
The automobile industry led to the de velopment of many other related indus tries, which demanded more labour.
Loch Lomond is the largest lake in Scotland.
Later oy the ribbon weaving industry developed, having become the city’s major occupation by the middle of the 19th century.
One part of the native population was adopting Roman methods of building roads and houses.
The Celts resisted the occupation fiercely.
The museum’s exhibits offer a compre hensive record of Coventry’s ancient and recent history.
The US President holds office for 4 years.
Wales is a peninsula.
The name of this English city has re cently become familiar to students and staff of Lviv State Polytechnic Univer sity.
The automobile industry led to the de velopment of many other related indus tries.
Opera, ballet and music of all kinds - they are all represented at the Festival.
203
responsible
scenery
severe
staff
state
state
tax
Exercise 1.
Unit 5
having a duty or obligation
something attractive to look at
serious
employees
a country considered as an organized political com munity controlled by one government
a part of a federal state which has a certain auto nomy
money paid by citizens to the government
Who is responsible to Parliament for Scottish domestic affairs?
Northern England is a mountainous re gion with beautiful scenery and pure lakes.
Coventry, like a phoenix, has risen from the devastation caused by the severe air raids of the Second World War.
The name of this English city has re cently become quite familiar to students and staff of Lviv State Polytechnic Uni versity.
The Greeks had already invented the mechanisms of suppression called “state” and government.
The USA is a federal republic of fifty states.
Lady Godiva rode naked through the High Street of the city to purchase her beloved city of Coventry exemption from taxes.
Match the following words with their definitions:
1. |
to consist of |
a) |
approval |
2. |
staff |
b) |
surface measurement |
3. |
recorded |
c) |
inhabitants |
4. |
government |
d) |
large area of water surrounded by land |
5. |
population |
e) |
land adjacent to the sea |
6. |
area |
f) |
to separate |
7. |
assent |
g) |
town or city where the government is carried on |
8. |
lake |
h) |
physical or mental work |
9. |
mountain |
i) |
employees |
10. |
coast |
j) |
choose by voting |
11. |
to divide |
k) |
mass of very high land rising to a peak |
12. |
famous |
1) |
well known |
13. |
capital |
m) to be made up of |
|
14. |
labour |
n) |
legislature and executive |
15. |
elect |
o) |
written, documented |
204
English-Speaking Countries
Exercise 2.
Complete the words to match the definitions given:
a) |
agree with or approve of smg. |
a _ c |
b) |
a part of an organisation |
b __ 1 |
c) |
a person belonging to a country by birth or having |
c __ |
|
acquired such status |
c __ |
d) |
to be made up (of) |
|
e) |
written, documented |
r _ c , |
f) |
to find, find out |
d |
g) |
a happening, usually smg. important |
e __ |
h) |
a short time ago |
r ___ |
i) |
connected or associated with smg./s.o. |
r _ 1 _ |
j) |
having a certain duty or obligation |
r |
Exercise 3.
a) Match each word in section A with one of a similar meaning in section B:
|
A |
|
В |
a) |
major |
1) |
territory |
b) |
to comprise |
2) |
to be busy |
c) |
famous |
3) |
to take |
d) to populate |
4) |
department |
|
e) |
to accept |
5) |
chief |
f) |
branch |
6) |
to include |
g) |
brief |
7) |
to constitute |
h) |
area |
8) |
prominent |
i) |
to be engaged |
9) |
to inhabit |
j) |
to make up |
10) |
short |
b) Match each word in section A with one of an opposite meaning in section B:
|
A |
|
В |
a) |
native |
1) |
modern |
b) |
definite |
2) |
mild |
c) |
to divide |
3) |
to ruin |
d) |
to construct |
4) |
to refuse |
e) |
to accept |
5) |
unknown |
f) |
ancient |
6) |
plain |
g) |
familiar |
7) |
to finish |
h) |
mountain |
8) |
to unite |
i) |
severe |
9) |
foreign |
j) |
to begin |
10) |
uncertain |
205
Unit 5
Exercise 4.
Compose sentences of your own, using the following words:
demand, sight, labour, coast, accept, staff, offer, office, occupation, represent, state, tax, native, severe, industry, familiar, area, education, middle.
Exercise 5.
Complete the following sentences with words selectedfrom the list below:
1)If you asked Ukrainian visitors to mention some characteristic features of the city, they would most probably highlight three main ....
2)Of the four ... which make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North
ern Ireland, England is the largest.
3) On the |
the population is engaged in ship-building and fishing. |
4)Since the beginning of the XIV century it has continued to ... in importance as a centre of commerce.
5)The mainland of England can be ... physically into four main parts.
6)Wales is a ... almost surrounded by the sea.
7)The name of this English city has recently become quite ... to students.
8)The British Parliament... of two Houses.
9)Northern Ireland has a ... of 1.5 million.
10)The museum’s exhibits ... a comprehensive record of Coventry’s ... and recent history.
11)The automobile ... led to the development of many other related ....
12)These industries demanded more ....
labour; industries; ancient; consists; peninsula; coast; offer; population; familiar; divided; countries; points; increase; industry
206
Unit 5
Exercise 6.
Complete the indirect speech with the appropriate tense forms:
Pattern: "I want to change my job” ~;
-t Tony said that he wanted to changeJhisjob.
a)
“My cousin speaks two foreign lan guages.”
“Peter has gone to Bath.” “Nobody understands me.”
“I’ve received a letter from my English friend.”
“We are enjoying our journey to Scotland immensely.”
“I’ve broken my watch.”
b)
Betty said that her cousin ... two foreign languages.
Peter’s sister said that he ... to Bath. He said nobody ... him.
My brother said he ... a letter from his English friend.
Their letter said that they ... their journey to Scotland immensely.
Nina said that she ... her watch.
“I’m waiting at the station”.
“The history of Oxford can be traced back over a thousand years”.
“She hasn’t bought any milk”.
“The train to Leeds is approaching plat form three”.
“Nobody will know about this incident”.
“You’ve made a few mistakes in your translation.”
Nick rang to say he ... at the station. The student told us the history of Oxford
... back over a thousand years. I noticed that she ... any milk.
The announcement said the train from Leeds ... platform 3.
John thought nobody ... about this inci dent.
Her teacher remarked that she ... a few mistakes in her translation.
Questions in Indirect Speech
Щр Remember that the word order in an indirect question is the same as in an af firmative statement.
Consider the following examples of questions expressed in direct and indirect speech respectively:
Direct Speech: >, Qare said, ^What time is it?”,
Indirect Speech, Glare asked whatthe time was.
208
English-Speaking Countries
Exercise 7.
Express the following questions in indirect speech, introduced by the phrase I asked:
Patteni: “When does the history ofXondon begin?”
—* I aslced when the history of London began.
1.Who is the Prime Minister of Great Britain?
2.How can I get to the National Gallery?
3.Where are you going on holiday this year?
4.What is Manchester famous for?
5.How long does it take to get to Stratford?
6.When was the Statue of Liberty presented to the USA?
7.How do they know my name?
8.What does the word ‘Australia’ mean?
Exercise 8,
Turn the following questions into indirect ones, beginning with the phrase I won dered if/whether. Note that yes/no questions are introduced with if (or whether):
Pattern: т ^
Direct speech: <The student asked, “Is theJDnipro longer than the Thames?” Indirect speech: The student wondered if/whether the Dnipro was longer
, than the Thames?' , < ‘ ”
1.Can you explain this rule?
2.Have you listened to the news on the BBC?
3.Does Scotland include any islands?
4.Have you got any spare time?
5.Is Washington situated in the District of Columbia?
6.Does London resemble any other English cities?
7.Is Loch Lomond the largest lake in Scotland?
8.Is Cardiff the capital of Wales?
In indirect speech sentences expressing promises, orders, advice, requests and suggestions, the infinitive may be used, e.g.
. Direct speech/ . |
v * л Indirect speech |
‘T il w rite soon,” he said. “Don’t be late”, Ann said.,
!He promised to write soon: Ann told us not to be late.
209
Unit 5
Exercise 9.
Rewrite the following sentences, using indirect speech:
Pattern: “Don’t buy.too much bread”
—►She asked me not to buy too much bread.
Direct speech |
Indirect speech |
“I won’t be late”. |
She promised ... |
“Find Sheffield on the map, Michael”. |
The teacher asked Michael... |
“Don’t make so much noise, Peter”. |
Mother told Peter... |
“You ought to stay in bed for two days” |
My friend advised me ... |
“Don’t stay in the garden any longer”. |
Grandmother asked the children . |
“I’ll learn the poem”. |
His granddaughter promised ... |
“Don’t stay out late”. |
My sister advised me ... |
“I’ll cook the Sunday dinner”. |
She offered ... |
Exercise 10.
Read the following short interviews, then fill in the gaps in the summary of the shoppers *opinions, using indirect speech:
Interviews
Journalist: Do you like shopping in Coventry?
First shopper: Yes, because there are no cars in the Precinct, so it’s safe for my children.
Journalist: Thank you, good bye.
Journalist (to a
second shopper): Do you like shopping in Coventry?
Second shopper: |
No, I don’t, because no cars are allowed in the Precinct. I have to |
|
park my car and then walk a long way. |
Journalist: |
Thank you, good bye. |
Journalist (to a |
|
third shopper): |
How often do you come shopping here? |
Third shopper: |
Every Saturday. I work during the week, so it’s the best day for me. |
Journalist: |
Thank you very much, good bye. |
Summary
A journalist asked the first two shoppers........... shopping in Coventry. The first one said yes, because there ... no cars in the Precinct and s o ........... for her children. The second one said no, because h e ........... his car and then walk a long way. The journalist asked the third shopper how often sh e ...... there. She said ........every Satur day. She ... during the week, so i t ... the best day for her.
210
English-Speaking Countries
Exercise 11.
Enter an appropriate form of each verb given in brackets:
1.In 407 the Romans (leave) Britain.
2.London (be) the capital of England since the 11th century.
3.By the beginning of the 17th century, the Bank of England (operate) for 6 years.
4.The British Museum (found) in 1759.
5.The Speaker (elect) by the House of Commons today.
6.She answered that M.P.s often (bring) forward various Bills, but most of them (reject) after the first reading.
7.He told me that the Bill (pass) by the House of Lords last week.
8.The Prime Minister said that the general election (hold) the following year.
9.They were sure that the Conservative candidate (win) the election.
10.The Bill (sign) by the Queen yet.
11.In 1940 Coventry (ruin) by enemy bombing.
12.The parliamentary building (construct) by the middle of the 19th century.
13.British scientists (contribute) significantly to our knowledge of physics.
14.London (stand) on the Thames.
15.Next week the Bill (place) before the Queen for signature.
16.England (comprise) 45 counties.
17.Many industrial enterprises (concentrate) in the English Midlands.
18.The electronics industry (develop) rapidly for several decades.
19.John asked us whether we (go) to Scotland for our summer vacation.
20.The Gaelic language (speak) in the Highlands of Scotland.
21.Many different types of goods (produce) by companies based in Birmingham.
Exercise 12.
Turn the following sentences into a) negative statements; b) questions:
1.They have elected many new MPs.
2.The Government has accepted the Trade Union’s proposal to discuss the issue.
3.That restaurant has specialised in Italian dishes for many years.
4.Big Ben has appeared as the symbol of London at many international events.
5.They have constructed a new bridge this year.
6.The boys have discovered many interesting things since they came to the camp.
1.The Government has raised the Value Added Tax this year.
8.The city government has established an educational centre to train social workers.
9.The Parliament has passed a new immigration law this year.
10.They have demonstarted a genuine desire to come to an agreement.
Exercise 13.
Turn the sentences in Exercise 12 into the Passive Voice.
211
Unit 5
Exercise 14.
Use the following grammarforms in sentences o f your own:
have been done, has been elected, have achieved, have lived, has worked out, have not changed, has not told, have been locked, have seen, have not shown, has been discussed, have been built, has not been repaired, has not been built.
Exercise 15.
Rearrange the following jumbled words and phrases toform sentences:
1.Europe/Glasgow/founded/educational/1450/the/one/was/University/in/establishments/higher/in/oldest/of
2.century/Edinburgh/capital/Scotland/became/in/of/the/15th/the
3.Welsh/and/in/centuries/became/the/Christians/6th/5th/the
4.motor-car/a century/began/in/the/ago/British/Coventry/industry
5.Britain/more/visit/than/tourists/million/every/eleven/year
6.workers/full/the/hungry/cafes/of/are/pubs/and
7.signed/the/already/has/Queen/B ill/the
8.year/general/this/has/election/held/a/been
9.reading/the/passed/second/has/Bill/the
10.written/yet/essay/I/my/haven’t
11.Oliver/Fred/Henry/Twist/if/asked/read/he/had
12.was/in/England/of/the/established/Bank/1694
13.houses/bumed/in/15,000/of/about/London/Fire/1666/Great/the/down/in
14.Bill/a/forward/each/bring/MP/may
15.Coventry/students/have/Ukrainian/recently/visited/University/many
212