baibakova_i_gasko_o_fedorishin_m_red_getting_on_in_english_i

acquainted with corporate culture in the working team. Besides, you will find out what subjects are vital for your future profession, and pay more attention to studying them.

In a documentary film about Coventry University, one of the deans says that in order to make a brilliant career, graduates not only need knowledge and competence, they should be self-confident and able to make decisions and tackle with any new situation or problem. So, listen to what the wise man says, draw conclusions and act accordingly. But do it now, because time is pressing, and our country desperately needs competent personnel for all branches of national economy.

In earlier days, people called places intended for carrying out experiments “workshops”. There they prepared drugs, made technological inventions or even tried to discover “a philosopher’s stone”, as alchemists did. Some people thought them to be practising black magic, and destroyed their workshops. By the way, Isaac Newton is sometimes called the last alchemist and the first scientist.

At present, the word “laboratory” (from Latin “laboro”, i.e. “I work”) is used to denote any room or building intended for experimental investigation in technologies and sciences for the рифове of advancing man’s knowledge. The word “laboratory” is also used to denote the work-room of a chemist, or special premises at an industrial enterprise or research institute for designing and testing new devices.

Among the most famous laboratories of the world we can mention the laboratory of the Royal Institution established in Britain in 1800 and devoted to applied and pure sciences. Such outstanding scholars as M. Faraday and I. Tyndall carried out experiments there.

The first physics laboratories founded for students appeared in 1846. Work in laboratories has been introduced into educational process at secondary and higher schools to teach scientific and technical knowledge by means of experimental activity. Besides, it enables students to learn how to handle the most sophisticated equipment and to master modem research methods.

Task 2.1. Discuss the following questions in small subgroups and then present your ideas to the whole group :

1.Laboratory facilities at our university.

2.Importance of students’ work in laboratories.

3.Do you like to work in laboratories? Why?

Task 2.2. Before listening to the text “The Labs of the Department of Physics”, try to match the following English terms with their Ukrainian equivalents:

trie circuit; 10. analytical balance; 11. thennal properties; 12. electromagnetic oscillator; 13. frequency range; 14. mechanical interaction; 15. conductors and insulators.

1. генератор електромагнітних коливань, 2. теплові властивості, ,3. електричне коло (схема), 4. діапазон частот, 5. аналітичні терези, 6. явище, 1. провідники та ізолятори, 8. питомий опір, 9. речовина, тверде тіло, рідина, пара, 10. коливний рух, 11. механічна взаємодія, 12. корпускулярна природа світла, 13. довжина хвилі, 14. розміри, 15. змінний струм / постійний струм.

Task 2.3. Listen to the text “The Labs of the Department of Physics” and answer the following questions:

1.Where are the laboratories of the department of physics situated?

2.What kind of lab exercises do students carry out in the laboratory of molecular physics?

3.What do they study in the electrical laboratory?

4.In which laboratory can students study the quantum nature of light?

5.What quantities can students measure in the physics laboratories?

6.What instrumentation do they use?

Task 2.4. Practise the pronunciation of the essential vocabulary. If you don’t know the meaning of a word, try to guess it from the context:

1.according to / in accordance with - згідно, відповідно - in relation to smth., e.g. Students can work.in the laboratories according to the speciality chosen.

2.achieve - досягатиto succeed in doing smth., e.g. Using this experimental technique, you will achieve better results.

achievement —досягнення —e.g. They try to use all the latest achievements in their field of science.

He was proud of his achievements.

3.acquaint - ознайомлювати - to make familiar with, e.g. The laboratory assistant has just acquainted students with the rules of work in the laboratory.

get acquainted - ознайомитись - e.g. Don't start carrying out the experiment without having got acquainted with the instruction.

4.acquire - набувати - to gain a skill, habit, esp. by one’s own ability, efforts or behaviour, c.g.Students acquire practical knowledge in the labs.

5.assess - оцінювати - a) to estimate or decide the amount or value of something; b) to judge or form an opinion about something, e.g. The work in the lab enables students to assess the practical value of their knowledge.

6.calculate - обчислювати - to find something out by using mathematics, e.g. He failed to calculate the square root of this number without the help of his pocket calculator.

calculation - обчислення, підрахунки - e.g. He made several mistakes in his calculations.

I. capacity - об’єм, ємність, потужність, спроможність - a) the greatest amount that a container or space can hold; b) the amount that a factory or a machine can produce; c) the ability to understand or do something, e.g. This computer has a large storage capacity.

The installation is operating atfull capacity.

8.carry out - виконувати, проводити - to do or perform something, e.g. Students cany out lab exercises under the guidance of qualified teachers.

9.cope with - впоратись - to deal with problems successfully, e.g. Will you be able to cope with this task?

10.data ( pi of datum) - дані, інформація - facts or figures to be processed, e.g. Computers process data at a very high speed.

II.device - прилад - a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, e.g. The laboratories are equipped with measuring devices.

12.be engaged in - займатися - to take part in something, e.g. Is he engaged in the work of our scientific society?

13.enterprise - підприємство - plant, factory or other organization undertaking the risk of loss, e.g. Students take their industrial training at enterprises ofLviv region.

14.fundamentals - основи - basic rules or principles, e.g. Fundamentals of Physics is one of the special subjects taught to radio engineering students.

15.guide - вести, керувати - to lead, direct, supervise, e. g. Professors and experienced teachers guide students’ work on their diploma projects.

guidance - керівництво - leadership, direction, supervision, e. g. The laboratory experiments are carriedout under the guidance ofqualifiedteachers and laboratoryassistants.

16.handle - оперувати, працювати з - to deal with, to be concerned with, to treat, e.g.

Working in the laboratories, students leam how to handle modern equipment.

17.hardware - апаратне забезпечення - physical units, components, integrated circuits, disks and mechanisms that make up a computer, e.g. Computer hardware consists of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a keyboard, a mouse and other input/

output devices.

18.be intended for - призначатися, бути призначеним - to be meant for, e.g. This sensor is intendedfor measuring very high temperatures.

19.investigate - досліджувати - to try to find out all the facts about something, e.g.

This phenomenon should be carefully investigated.

investigation - дослідженняthe process of finding out all the facts about something, e.g. He carries out this investigation under the guidance of the head of our department.

20.master -- опановувати - to become completely skilled in, e. g. We mastered the new word-processing program quite quickly.

21.mean (meant) - означати, мати на увазі - a) signify; b) refer to, bear in mind, e.g.

Taking on a job during summer vacations means both earning son\e extra money

and acquiring experience.

What does he mean by saying that?

22.measure - вимірювати - to find the size, extent, volume, degree etc., e. g. You can measure the strength of electric current with a special device.

measurement - (вимірювання) - the act or the process of finding the size, quantity or degree of something , e.g. The metric system of measurement units is used in our country.

23.perform - виконувати, здійснювати - to do a piece of work or something that you have been ordered to do; to work, e.g, In this lab, students perform remote verification of various parameters of the process.

performance - виконання, здійснення, роботаdoing something, e.g. The performance of the whole system depends on the performance of its separate parts.

24.process - обробляти, опрацьовувати, піддавати аналізу - to treat, to deal with information (on a computer), e.g. How long will it take the computer to process this amount of data?

processing - обробка, опрацювання - the process of dealing with information, e.g.

Which part of the computer performs data processing?

25.provide - забезпечувати, надавати - to give or supply something to somebody, e.g. The Department provides students with all thefacilities necessaryfor successful study.

26.purpose - мета, ціль, призначення - a result which is desired to obtain, e. g. To train highly qualified and creatively thinking experts is the main purpose of our university.

21.quantity - величина, кількість - magnitude, value, the property of things which can be measured, e.g. There are constant and variable quantities.

28.record - записувати, запис - to preserve for use, by writing or in other ways, for example on a disc, magnetic tape, film etc., e.g. The results of the experiment should be recorded in thejournal.

29.simulate - моделювати —to imitate, model, e. g. Working on their course and diploma projects students do calculations, simulate processes and design new devices or constructions.

simulation - моделювання- a situation in which particular condititions are created artificially in order to study something, e.g. Simulation of production processes with the help ofa computer enables engineers tofind and eliminate drawbacks in theseprocesses.

30.solve - вирішувати, розв’язувати - to find an answer to a problem (question, difficulty, etc.), or a way of dealing with it, e.g. You will have to solve technical

problems of the production process.

solution - вирішення, розв’язання - a way of solving a problem; dealing with a difficult situation; an answer, e.g. They suggested several solutions to this problem.

31.software - програмне забезпечення - programs and data used when operating a computer, e.g. In addition to hardware a computer must have software to control and operate the hardware.

32.technique - метод, спосіб - a method, a particular way of doing something, e.g.

Here students master basic experimental techniques.

transferred by means of computer networks.

The fourth-year students get acquainted with systems and means of data transfer and data conversion.

34.value - величина, цінність - a) the numerical part of a measurement of a quantity;

b)quality of being useful, e.g. The work in the laboratory will be of great value to you in yourfurther research activity.

Task 2.5. Revision of the essential vocabulary of the previous unit. Fill in the gaps with the proper forms of these words:

1.apply (застосовувати); application (застосування)

a)The____of harmful production technologies should be banned.

b)Here students learn how to ___their theoretical knowledge to practice.

2.create (створювати); creative (творчий)

a)The first electronic computing machine was___ in Kyiv in the 1950s.

b)Graduates of the university are both competent and___experts in their field.

3.deal (dealt, dealt) with (мати справу з)

These lab exercises___measurement of different quantities.

4. equip (оснащувати, обладнати, устаткувати); equipment (оснащення, обладнання, устаткування)

a)How many computers is this study room__ with?

b)All the laboratories of the institute are provided with modern___.

5.install (встановлювати); installation (установка)

a)You will have to ___this program on your computer.

b)There are several___ for carrying out experiments in this lab.

6.skill (навичка, майстерність, уміння)

In this lab students can perfect their computer__ .

Task 2.6. Complete the words to match the definitions given:

Task 2.10. Complete each sentence with a correct form of the given word using proper suffixes -mg, -ment, -ance, -ed, -or, -(c/a/t) ion, -s :

1.calculate

a)Unfortunately, the student made several mistakes in his___.

b)Have you got a pocket___?

2.solve

a)The scientists suggested several___to this problem.

b)We didn’t know about his having___this problem.

3.perform

a)Data transfer can be___by computer networks.

b)The results of the investigation depend on the___of lab devices.

4.install

a)We saw several___for verification of measuring devices in this lab.

b)Before being___in the computer, the program should be checked for viruses.

5.process

a)The function of data___is carried out by microchips.

b)The Central___is a heart of any computing system.