baibakova_i_gasko_o_fedorishin_m_red_getting_on_in_english_i

24.mandatory - обов’язковий - obligatory, compulsory, required, e.g. A foreign language is a mandatory subjectfor students in theirfirst and second years of study at Lviv Polytechnic National University.

25.master - оволодівати, опановувати, вивчати - to learn a skill or language so well that you understand it completely and have no difficulty with it, e.g. The main task set before the students doing research is mastering the methods of independent solution of scientific and technical problems.

mastering - опанування

26.meet world standards - відповідати світовим стандартам - to correspond to established norms accepted in all countries, e.g. The research carried out at the University and the developments made here meet world standards.

27.paper / work / project - робота, доповідь, проект - a) a piece of writing or a talk by someone who has made a study of a particular subject; b) a piece of writing that is done as part of a course at school or university, e.g. During their studies at the University students have to present several course papers and a graduation work (project).

course work / paper / project- курсова робота (проект) graduation paper / project - дипломна робота (проект)

28.participate - брати участь - to take part in an activity or event, e.g. Every student

of a university is expected to participate in research work in this or that way. participation - участь

participant - учасник

participative - що бере участь, що може брати участь

29.per'fect - вдосконалювати - to make something perfect or as good as you are able to, e.g. At Lviv Polytechnic the students perfect their knowledge of one of the six

foreign languages: English, German, French, Spanish, Japanese and Latin. 'perfect - досконалий

30.postgraduate - аспірант - someone who is studying at a university to get a PhD (Candidate of Sciences) degree; someone who is studying after finishing a PhD, e.g. Postgraduates working for their scientific degrees are also active members of research teams.

postgraduate course - аспірантура

to take a postgraduate course - вчитись в аспірантурі

31.promote - сприяти, стимулювати, заохочувати - to help something to develop and be successful; to encourage someone, e.g. The research done at Lviv

Polytechnic promotes the development of Ukrainian science.

promotion - сприяння, стимулювання, підтримка, заохочення; підвищення на посаді, просування по службі

32.qualification - кваліфікація - a skill, personal quality or type of experience that makes you suitable for a particular job or position, e.g. Research work helps students perfect their qualification.

qualified - кваліфікований, компетентний to qualify - кваліфікувати, оцінювати

33.related to - пов’язаний з - coifhected in some way, e.g. All students are involved in research directly related to curricular activity.

relate to- мати відношення, бути пов’язаним з, стосуватися чогось relation - відношення, зв’язок, залежність

relative - відносний relatively - відносно

34.report - доповідь, повідомлення, звіт - a written or spoken description of a situation or event, giving people the information they need, e.g. Every student has to make at least one report at a scientific seminar.

to report - доповідати, повідомляти, звітувати a reporter - той, хто звітує; доповідач, репортер

35.research - наукове дослідження, науково-дослідний - the activity of finding information about something that you are interested in or need to know about; serious study of a subject, that is intended to discover new facts or test new ideas, e.g. The students of the final year of studies are doing research for their graduation papers.

research work, R & D - науково-дослідна робота

to do research - проводити науково-дослідну роботу research team I group - група дослідників

research associate - науковий співробітник research institute - науково-дослідний інститут research institution - науково-дослідний заклад research methods - методи дослідження research project - науково-дослідний проект researcher - дослідник, науковий співробітник research worker - науковий співробітник

36.responsible for - відповідальний за - in charge of, having a duty to be in charge of or to look after someone or something, e.g. He is responsible for supervising students' extracurricular research work at this department.

responsibility - відповідальність, обов’язок

37.review - огляд, реферат - an act of carefully examining and considering a situation or process, e.g. The students doing research have to make a review of special literature in their particularfield.

to make a review - робити огляд, готувати реферат to review - робити огляд

reviewer - оглядач, критик, рецензент, референт

38.schedule / timetable - розклад - a plan of events and activities, with their dates and times; a list of the times of classes in a school etc. e.g. The seminars are conducted according to the timetable.

to schedule -призначати на конкретний час according to the timetable - за розкладом

39.science - наука - knowledge about the world; a particular part of science, for example, physics, e.g. Students are doing research dealing with up-to-date issues of science and engineering.

Task 4.12. Match the following phrases with their definitions:

Task 4 .13. Fill in the gaps with the words provided:

Research, to participate, investigation, qualifications, supervision, science, submitted, postgraduate, involvement, scheduled, awarded, certified, creative, developments, researched, qualified, awarded, develop, research, qualifications

1.This book has been very well ....

2.The whole issue is still under ....

4.He did his ... work in sociology.

5.Einstein was ... the Nobel Prize for his work in quantum physics.

6.He came up with a really ... solution to the problem.

7.We will ... a few of these points in the seminar.

8.In the learning process the student’s emotional ... is of great importance.

9.Taras isa ... student in our lab.

10.Everyone in the class is expected ... in these discussions.

11.Oksana had excellent academic ..., but no work experience.

12.We work under the Chief Engineer’s—

13.The computer is one of the marvels of modem ....

14.The meeting has been ... for 2 o’clock.

15.She was ... as a teacher in 1998.

16.There have been significant computer ... during the last decade.

17.I’m doing some ... for an article about student life.

18.It’s a complex engineering matter and I don’t feel ... to give an opinion.

19.The University ... her a scholarship.

20. Ira has all the right... to become a good manager.

Task 4.14. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate forms of the following verbs: t

to develop, to participate, to arrange, to do, to perfect, to master, to guide, to defend, to involve, to distinguish, to award, to submit, to investigate

1.The students ______ in research right from their first year of studies at our university.

2.Research work helps students___________________ their professional skills.

3.Every student of the University________ in research work in this or that way.

4.All the students________ research directly related to curricular activity.

5. When the student successfully his/her graduation paper before the examination board, he/she becomes a graduate.

6.The extracurricular research activity ______ in the form of students’ scientific societies.

7.At Lviv Polytechnic students ______their knowledge of one (or several) of six foreign languages taught at the Department of Foreign Languages.

8.The students _____ methods of independent solution of scientific and technical problems.

9.Supervisors usually ______ the research done by the students working at their course or graduation papers.

10.The best students______for their success in R&D activity and______ certificates and diplomas.

11.The students m ust________ their graduation papers to the reviewers to look them through and make comments in advance.

12.Urgent problems of modem business________by senior students and postgraduates of the Institute of Economics and Management.

Task 4,15. Do the crossword puzzle translating the following words into English:

14.кваліфікація

15.оволодівати

16.захист

Task 4.16. Read the words and decide which of them do not belong to each group of four items. Comment on your choice:

1.participate/ be involved/ reflect/ be incorporated;

2.lab exercise/ yearly project/ academic year;

3.institution/ establishment/ project/ university;

4.provide/ defend/ submit/ educate;

5.carry out/ conduct/ meet/ perform;

6.lectures/ devices/ apparatuses/ visual aids;

1.chemistry/ mechanics/ electronics/ science;

8.advanced/ qualified/ general/ distinguished;

9.foreign/ Japanese/ urgent/ international;

10.perfect/ improve/ create/ graduate.

Task 4.17. Form derivatives using the following suffixes and translate the newly formed words into Ukrainian. Compose sentences with the derived words.

Nouns:

-ment: achieve, develop, involve, equip, arrange, establish, require, manage, engage, govern, environ, improve, measure, state, treat, employ, judge, assess

-(a) (t) ion: participate, graduate, present, contribute, recommend, collaborate, investigate, create, instruct, relate, supervise, discuss, inform, connect, promote, organize, communicate

-ance/-ence: guide, import, perform; expect, resist, maintain, conduct, appear, depend, occur, admit, attend, accord, prefer, differ, exist, refer, interfere, accept

-ity: active, opportune, punctual, possible, major, familiar, similar, responsible, popular, minor, special, visible ,

-ist: special, economy, ecology, biology, hydrology, biophysics, climatology, botanic, anatomy

-er: advise, research, teach, develop, manage, organize, support, defend, publish, make, speak, think, mine

-or: supervise, instruct, investigate, construct, initiate, edit, sail

Adjectives:

-ive: execute, legislate, relate, create, attract, quantity, act, communicate, investigate, participate, direct, conduct

-able/-ible: agree, size, pass, prefer, solve, work, imagine, comfort, use, vary, speak, change, value, improve, measure, prove, distinguish, achieve, compare, advise, rely, represent, reason, response, access

Adverbs:

-ly: relative, successful, final, direct, active, creative, careful, independent, thorough, absolute, annual, certain, fluent, bad, full

Task 4.18. Rearrange the following jumbled words and phrases to form sentences. The text in Task 4.35 will help you.

1.In addition to, carries out, qualified specialists, and, extensive research, sciences, branches of science, engineering, in various, humanitarian, social, training, Lviv Polytechnic National University.

2.The main task, problems, is mastering, of, solution, independent, of scientific, and, doing research, technical, the methods, set, before the students.

3.Thus, laboratory, are involved, all the students, graduation projects, to curricular activity, and, in research, comprising, exercises, course works, seminars, individual tasks, directly related.

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4.Doing laboratory exercises, and, students, of the University, their knowledge, must apply, display initiative, in specialised laboratories.

5.Close contacts, in general, of higher learning, and, to the latest, in particular, with, and, businesses, urgent problems, introduce, Lviv Polytechnic, engineering, students achievements, involves them, research institutions, in both science, and, of the region, as well as, in research, into, of, modem economic development, and, the country, of institutions.

6.This helps them, most sophisticated equipment, state-of-the-art technologies, their particular field, modem, used in, study, and, handle, to leam, research methodology.

7.Every graduation paper, small research project, a, a leading professor, the student, of, a scientific adviser, this usually being, actively, up-to-date research, is, in a particular field, carried out by, under the guidance, participating in.

8.In some cases, contains, for professional journal, valuable, enough, publication, and, such a, results, publication, the graduation paper, is then recommended.

9.When the student submits, is qualified, finally becomes, successfully defends it, from the University, as a Bachelor or a Master, and, before the examination board, he, in a certain field, in other words, and, a graduate, he graduates, his graduation paper.

10.The, extracurricular, students’ scientific societies, is arranged, in the form of, research activity.

11.The purpose, science, is, research and instruction, of such societies, in various fields of, economy and liberal arts.

12.The students, lab set-ups, in the societies, theoretical research, produce visual aids, design devices, issues, and, various, they do, of social and humanitarian, who are active.

13.The most promising, and groups, at the departments, the leading professors, are incorporated, into research teams, organised by, undergraduates.

14.Postgraduates, also, their scientific degrees, active members, working for, research associates, as well as, are, of such teams.

15.At Lviv Polytechnic, perfect their knowledge, of five foreign languages:, students, of one, English, German, French, Spanish and Japanese.

16.Under the guidance of, present their reports, students’ scientific conferences, advanced students,- Foreign Languages department, teachers, of, prepare, arranged by the department, and, in a foreign language, at, annual.

17.Their reports, of science, usually deal with, engineering, humanitarian problems, urgent problems, social, and.

18.The best students, in a foreign language, and, projects, defend their graduation works.

19.Students are distinguished, in R&D activity, certificates, and, for their success, and,

are awarded, diplomas.

20.Students’ research work, in general, of the R&D activity, in the University, is part and parcel.

COMPLEX SENTENCES

A complex sentence is a sentence that consists o f the main clause (головне речення) and one or more subordinate clauses (підрядні речення). A subordinate clause is a dependent sentence: it cannot be used without the main clause. The idea conveyed by the main clause is not complete without a subordinate clause. Subordinate clauses are often connected to the main clause with the help of connectors or conjunctions. A subordinate clause may follow or precede the main clause. There are different types of subordinate clauses.

Subject clauses (підметові підрядні речення) perform the function of a subject. They are connected with the main clause in the following ways: a) by means of the conjunctions that, if, whether,; b) by means of the connectors who, which, what, whoever, whatever, where, when, how, why.

Whether their effort to develop an appropriate plan of action was a success is still not obvious. Чи їхня спроба розробити відповідний план дій принесла результат - досі не є очевидним.

Who the presenter was and whose interests he supported was unknown. Ким був доповідач і чиї інтереси він підтримував, було невідомо.

Predicative clauses (предикативні підрядні речення) perform the function of a predicative. The peculiarity of complex sentences with a predicative clause is that in the main clause we find only part of the predicate, i.e. a link verb, which together with the predicative clause forms a compound nominal predicate. These subordinate clauses are connected with the main clause in the following ways:

a)by means of the conjunctions that, if, whether, as if;

b)by means of the connector who, which, what, where, when, how, why.

Our attitude simply is that facts are facts. Наше ставлення таке: факти є фактами.

The problem was how to complete the task on time. Проблема полягала в тому, як закінчити проект вчасно.