baibakova_i_gasko_o_fedorishin_m_red_getting_on_in_english_i

Roman’s presentation was brilliant. It met all the requirements. Roman didn’t wander from the subject under consideration and kept strict timing. I should like to be as accurate as Roman. But I have never been able to stay within time-limits, I have always tried to voice my opinion as completely as I could. And my presentation at this conference wasn’t an exception. Before I had time to clarify my point of view and enlarge on the problem, my time-limit was up. But I took the floor at the panel discussion, raised the same question and managed to evoke the audience’s interest in the problem to such an extent that the chairman had to prolong the discussion. If I’m not mistaken, all the present were in favour of my ideas. Though I must tell you that I prefer to deal with people who disagree with me as, to my mind, verbal controversy with an opponent allows you to consider the problem from a different view-pomt and stimulates constructive thinking.

The cultural programme of the conference was excellent, but I couldn’t visit museums and go sightseeing as after the panel discussion I caught a cold and had to stay in bed for two days watching TV and reading newspapers.

At the closing meeting the chairman announced that the next conference would probably be held in Vienna. I suggest that we both should apply for participation in it. I’ll ring you up as soon as I return to Lviv, and we’ll talk it over.

Yours Helen.

P.S. Don’t pay attention to my having emphasized the shady side of the journey, my general impression of the conference is highly favourable.

Key to tasks 5.4 and 5.5. Dialogue “Presentations”:

A:- Can you help me?

B:- With pleasure. What’s the problem?

A:- I’m participating in the conference for the first time. And the programme includes so many types of presentations that I don’t know which session to attend.

B:- A-ha. So you want me to describe each type of presentation, don’t you?

A:- Exactly. Let’s begin with plenary presentations (пленарні доповіді).

В: - OK. Those are reports that are made at the plenary meeting for all participants. And, if I’m not mistaken, they are not followed by a discussion.

A:- Oh, it’s boring! I’d like to discuss papers and to comment on them.

B:- Then you should attend talks (тематичні бесіди) or panel discussions (дискусії спеціалістів). They consist of a 10-minute-long formal presentation and a 5-minute discussion. In other words, these are sessions for a group of specialists to discuss some specific issues of their interest.

A:- No, it’s too narrow. I prefer general discussions.

В: - 1 see. Then let us consider paper reportings (секційні доповіді). It usually takes a presenter 15 minutes to deliver his/her paper. The presentations are supported by handouts and audio-visual aids. After the reportings the participants ask questions. A: - Just to ask questions?! Well, I thought we gathered here to find some new approach or solution to the problems under consideration!

В: - Now, I know. You are a creative person, so workshops (практичні семінари) are intended especially for you. A workshop has very little lecturing. The main emphasis is laid on the participants’ activities under the guidance of a leader. They solve some problem or develop a research technique during the session. '

A:- It sounds much better! But look, the programme also includes poster presentations and swap shops. What are they?

B: - You are welcome.

Task О.і.Discuss the following questions in small groups and then report the conclusions of your discussion to the class.

I.

1.What do you know about professional ethics of a specialist?

2.How do you understand human responsibility of a scientist?

3.Do you agree or disagree with the statement that science andtechnological progress have nothing in common with humanistic ethical values? Give specific reasons to support your answer.

4.Do you believe in the existence of absolute values’?

5.What absolute values can you mention?

6.Could the spiritual pollution which we face today be as dangerous as the material one?

7.How can knowledge of ethical values and professional ethics influence our life?

П.

1.What do you know about global warming and greenhouse effect?

2.What can you say about supplies of fresh water worldwide?

3.Do you think that poor land use such as clearcutting forests,draining wetlands causes destruction of ecosystems? Give extended answers.

4.How can loss of plant and animal species influence our life?

Task 6.2. Before listening to the discussion of some ethical problems try to match the following English words and word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:

Task 6.5. Listen to the text once again and fill in the gaps with suitable words and phrases.

1.Human activities are responsible for the__in Earth’s temperature.

2.Changes in Earth’s temperature cause global warming and major changes in __.

5.Carbon dioxide__from burning fossil fuels.

6._may be a major source of nitrous oxide.

7.Fluoiocarbons__occur naturally.

8.A greenhouse effect provides a __of warms enveloping Earth.

9.A nitrous oxide molecule traps heat about 200 __more effectively than a carbon dioxide molecule.

10.Without a natural__the temperature of Earth would be__ 18° C.

SECTION II. USE OF THE ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

Task 6.6. Read the essential vocabulary and translate the sentences:

1.advertise - рекламувати; to announce, e.g. Alcohol and cigarettes should not be advertised.

advertisement / advert / ad - оголошення, реклама; announcement; TV commercial, notice, e.g. The publication of the results in mass media is an advertisement for the products manufactured by this company.

2.be aware - усвідомлювати; to be conscious of, e.g. A scientist should be aware of his responsibility to his country.

awareness - усвідомлення, обізнаність, знання; consciousness of, e.g. Spiritual pollution can be seen in the lack of awareness of sense of life.

3.ban v. - забороняти; to forbid, veto, reject, restrict, e.g. The government has banned the use of chemical weapons, n. заборона; prohibition, taboo, e.g. Our country should put a ban on the import of nonstandard products.

4.claim - 1. вимагати; 2. претендувати; 3. амер. заявляти, твердити; to demand, ask for, require, e.g. Plato claimed that among absolute values are justice, huma­ nism, love, wisdom and conscience.

5.conscience - совість, сумління; moral sense, principles, sense of right and wrong, ethics, e.g. Justice, humanism, love, wisdom and conscience are the main laws of the science of ethics.

6.consequence - 1. наслідок, результат; 2. висновок; 3. важливість, значення; 1. result, outcome; 2. conclusion; 3. importance, significance, e.g. For centuries con­ sequences of the technological progress for the environment were not taken into consideration.

7.cruel -1. жорстокий; 2. болісний, тяжкий; 1. brutal, inhuman; 2. unkind, pain­ ful, heartless, e.g. Before the industrial revolution workers had been cruelly exploited.

cruelty - жорстокість; brutality, e.g. Lack of moral purpose might be caused by cruelty.

8.damage n.- 1. шкода; 2. пошкодження; harm, ruin, e.g. Now we must find ways to develop industry with as little damage to the environment as possible, v. завдавати збитків; пошкоджувати; to harm, ruin, destroy, e.g. Lots of farms have been badly damaged by spring floods.

9.dangerous - небезпечний, загрозливий; risky, insecure, unsafe; threatening, e.g. The spiritual pollution which we face today may be as dangerous as the material one. danger - небезпека; risk, threat, e.g. Illegal drugs are a great danger to our society.

10.depletion - виснаження (озонового шару), вичерпування (запасів); exhaustion, reduction, decrease, e.g. Nowadays the depletion of the ozone layer is one of the major problems of the environment.

11.destroy - руйнувати, знищувати; to ruin, wipe out, e.g. Industry has destroyed the environment.

destruction - руйнування, знищення; ruination, wiping out, e.g. One of the prob­ lems we must solve today is the destruction of atmosphere.

12.eliminate - 1 .усувати (помилки і т. ін.); 2. знищувати; to remove smb./smth. that is not wanted or needed; to get rid of smth., e.g. The nuclear threat is not yet completely eliminated.

elimination - усунення; liquidation, exclusion, removal, e.g. The elimination of the consequences of Chomobyl tragedy will take decades.

13.emerge - 1. з’являтися, виходити; 2. виявлятися, з’ясовуватися; 1. to appear, come out; 2. to become known, e.g. The mismatch which emerged between the tech­ nological progress and humanism caused labour dehumanisation.

emergence - поява;арреагапсе, e.g. The emergence of new technology sometimes damages the environment.

14.encourage - підбадьорювати, заохочувати; to give hope to, inspire, persuade, reassure, support, e.g. Science should be encouraged.

encouragement - заохочення; approval, reassurance, e.g. Students need encou­ ragement of their parents and teachers.

15. entertainment - 1. розвага; 2. вечірка; 1. fun, enjoyment, recreation, pastime;

2. show, concert, play, e.g. Some people think only of money and entertainment.

16.environment - довкілля, оточення, середовище; surroundings, conditions, atmosphere, e.g. All the countries should unite their efforts to save environment.

17.greediness - жадібність, ненажерливість; an excessive desire for wealth; being grasping, materialistic, mean, selfish, money-grubbing, e.g. Spiritual pollution manifests itself in greediness of society.

18.harmful - шкідливий, згубний; bad, damaging, dangerous, ruinous, unfavourable, unhealthy, unpleasant, e.g. Some products are harmful to the health of consumers.

19.insurance - страхування, забезпечення; protection, security, e.g. Child labour was banned, insurance and pensions were introduced.

20.judge - 1. судити, виносити вирок (рішення); to assess, criticize, evaluate, examine, consider, deleimiue, estimate, guess, suppose, e.g. The decision on whether to develop the bomb can only be judged by ethics.

judgement - 1. судження, думка, погляд, 2. розсудливість, здоровий глузд; conclusion, decision, e.g. The judgment about the danger of spiritual pollution is absolutely correct and more people begin to understand it.

21.justice - 1. справедливість; 2. законність, правосуддя; 1. right; 2. morality, law, e.g. It was actually a campaign for social justice.

22.manifest - 1. робити очевидним; 2. обнародувати; 3. виявляти; to show, make evident, make obvious, e.g. Spiritual pollution manifests itself in everyday life, manifestation - прояв; display, show, expression, declaration, demonstration, e.g. Alcoholism is a manifestation of the lack of culture.

23.match v - підходити, відповідати; to be equivalent, be the same, be similar, coincide, correspond, e.g. Thermal solar panels will perfectly match your new environmentally friendly house. п.-рівня,пара; equivalent, e.g.These energy efficient light bulbs and electronic environmental controls are an excellent match for our modem homes.

24.pollute - забруднювати; to contaminate, poison, e.g. Everyday burning of litter pollutes our cities.

pollution - забруднення; contamination, poison, dirtiness, impurity, e.g. Environmental pollution is the major threat to our survival.

25.promote - сприяти, допомагати; to help, support, e.g. We should promote ethical norms based on ultimate values.

promotion - сприяння; help, support, advancement, assistance, contribution to, backing, sponsoring, e.g. Healthy way of life demands banning tobacco promotion.

26.realm - галузь, сфера, царина; sphere, branch, world, field, area, e.g. Today we need a second humanization - in the realm of environment.

27.replace - замінити; to change, renew, restore, e.g. Nowadays environmental pollu­ tion has replaced nuclear war as the major threat to our survival.

28.suggest - пропонувати; to advise, propose, e.g. You should suggest more energy saving features in the design of new buildings.

suggestion - пропозиція; advise, proposal, e.g. Their suggestions are quite clear: absolute values exist and some values are more important than others.

29.survive - вижити; to stay alive, continue to exist, e.g. To survive when the air, the earth and water are so dangerously polluted is quite a problem.

survival - виживання; continued existence, e.g. Poor land use decisions make our survival more difficult.

30.tailor - пристосувати до (чогось); to fit, suit, adapt, adjust, e.g. There are cases when the results of scientific investigation are tailored to the needs of the company which sponsors this investigation.

31.threaten - погрожувати, загрожувати; to put at risk, endanger, e.g. We should promote ethical norms in order to solve the problems which threaten the world today, threat - загроза; danger, hazard, e.g. Deforestation is a serious threat to the survival of animal habitat.

32.value - цінність, важливість; the worth of sth; importance, significance, e.g. Science and technology, by themselves, are not a source of ethics and values, values [pi] - цінності; moral or professional standards of behaviour; principles, e.g. Young people have a different set of values from their parents.

ultimate values - вічні, основні, первинні цінності; basic, fundamental, primary, e.g. The question of existence of ultimate values has been discussed for centuries.

33.violate - порушувати (закон і т. ін.); to breach, ignore, e.g. Have you ever violated the laws of the society?

violation - порушення; contravention, infringement, offence, e.g. Another ethical problem that should be considered by scientists is violation of the rights to intellectual property.

34.wisdom - 1. мудрість, 2. розуміння; 1. common sense, good sense, insight, pene­ tration, perceptiveness, rationality, reason; 2. understanding, e.g. He is a man of great wit and wisdom.

Task 6.7. Match English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:

Task 6.9. Do the crossword puzzle translating the words given below into English:

29.пристосувати до (чогось)26. . робити очевидним,

27.з’ясовуватися,

28.підбадьорювати,

30.виживання,

31.цінність,

32.порушення закону.

Task 6.10. Read the words and decide which of them do not belong to each group of four items:

1.ban/veto/demand/forbid

2.result/outcome/consequence/conscience

3.destroy/risky/unsafe/dangerous

4.come out/emerge/come in/appear

5.common sense/understanding/wisdom/wise

6.fit/tailor/suit/change

7.bad/harmful/damaging/pleasant

8.judgment/protection/security/insurance

9.coincide/conespond/much/match

10.show/hide/make evident/manifest