- •Міністерство освіти і науки україни
- •Мета навчання англійської мови студентів гуманітарних спеціальностей
- •What’s your learning style?
- •Sociology reinterpreted
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Tenses, for more information see Reference 1
- •Begin with: c Have youused any expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Analysis of questionnaire
- •Let’s play the no-no game
- •The ethics of research
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words (not all words are needed) from the previous exercise into the gaps below.
- •In this unit we make review of Relative clauses, for more information see Reference 2
- •Forming a hypothesis
- •Interpreting the data
- •Begin with:
- •Vocabulary Task 4. Chose the best headline a-h for each paragraph 1-8 (All the headlines will be used).
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Passive Voice, for more information see Reference 3
- •A: company president b: sales clerk
- •C Have youused any expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Answers to quiz
- •Economy: historical overview. Social inequality
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of the Articles, for more information see Appendix 4
- •Idea, European, expensive project, thousand times, mp, economic crisis, ewe, honest decision, mba, academic year, yearly chart, honourable person, university, euphemism.
- •Views on inequality
- •1. I stay late at the office:
- •2. Regarding my job, my friends and family say:
- •3. I miss events with my family and friends due to work:
- •4. I find myself doing work tasks outside of the office:
- •5. If I need to take personal time off of work (for a doctor’s appointment or another personal obligation):
- •Time, work and leisure
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words (not all words are needed) from the previous exercise into the gaps below.
- •In this unit we make review of Clauses, for more information see Appendix 5
- •Social movements and social conflicts
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Reference words,For more information see Appendix 6
- •Begin with c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Study skills answers
- •Education and equality
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of adjective, for more information see Appendix 7
- •Begin with: c Have youused any new expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •The name game
- •Ideas are plants
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Inversion, for more information see Reference 8
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Suggested answers to task 2
- •Saving lives through social action
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct wordsfrom the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Reported Speech, for more information see Appendix 9
- •Are is has live can can’t will were was had lived could won’t would
- •Begin with: c Have youused any expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Unit 10
- •The seven rules of rhetoric
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we continue review of Inversion and start review of Emphasis, for more information see Reference 10
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work unit 11
- •How ambitious are you?
- •1. In ten years do you hope to:
- •2. In twenty years' time do you hope to:
- •Why marriage?: the universal functions of the family
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct wordsfrom the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Conditionals, for more information see Appendix 11
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interisting expressions from the text in your summary?checked your spelling?used any Conditionals?heck your work
- •Unit 12
- •Men versus women quiz
- •3. A study has found women are more sensitive to male body odours than vice versa because…
- •4. Studies have shown that women feel more pain than men. What is not a reason for this?
- •8. Pick the incorrect answer from these research findings about heterosexual infidelity…
- •Answers
- •1. Answer: c) Roughly the same amount, 16,000 words per day.
- •3. Answer: b) Women can detect body odour better than men when the smell is being disguised.
- •4. Answer: c) Women have fewer nerve receptors than men causing them to feel pain more acutely.
- •5. Answer: d) All of the above.
- •6. Answer: d) Gay men use a mixture of male and female navigating techniques.
- •7. Answer: b) Women use parts of their brain involved in language processing more than men to decipher jokes.
- •8. Answer: a) Women were more likely to believe that men have sex when they are in love.
- •9. Answer: b) It's a cultural belief, standardised testing shows no gender differences in maths performance.
- •10. Answer: c) As a member of a predominantly monogamous species men invest more energy in relationships.
- •Masculinity and femininity: socialized differences
- •Vocabulary
- •In this unit we make review of Gerund/Infinitive, for more information see Appendix 12
- •1. Breaking the speed limits is regarded by men as a minor offence.
- •Unit 13
- •Social control
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct wordsfrom the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Modal Forms, for more information see Appendix 13
- •1. Deviance should be defined as violation of expected rules and norms.
- •4. Аномальність має бути розглянута з точки зору групових інтересів.
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?checked your spelling?used any Modal forms?heck your work
- •Grammar reference
- •Relative clauses
- •Passive voice
- •Articles
- •Clauses
- •Reference words
- •Adjective
- •Inversion
- •Reported speech
- •Emphasis
- •First Conditional: real possibility
- •Infinitive
- •The modals table
- •Literature
Social control
The Theory of Social Control is widely cited nowadays. The concept of Social Control has been explored and represented by Travis Hirschi, a proponent of Right Realism. The theory investigates social behaviour under the supervision of a controlled society and the subsequent reduction in anti-social behaviour.
Though strongly advocated by Travis Hirschi, the Theory of Social Control has also been explored by the realist philosophers such as Reiss, Nye and Toby. The definition states that delinquency is simply the consequence of the failure of related social and personal supervision over antisocial personality disorder. While the 'personal control' definition states the individual ability to refrain from behaviour that is in conflict with social norms, that of 'social control' specified the responsibility of society to ensure the timely application of set norms and/or rules. In other words, theory of social control elaborates on the onus that is shared by society and devised control mechanisms to ensure a safe social arena, one that is devoid of any type of delinquency. Society is meant to provide reinforcement of dictated values to keep any type of causal or motivational delinquency traits at bay. The theory is supportive of the fact that it is mostly those who fear little or nothing to lose while conforming to delinquency, who are drawn towards anti-social behaviour. Theory of social control is not without specified ways to organize the various control mechanisms that are already 'in place' in society. In fact, the theory specifies that it is the responsibility of these control mechanisms like the law and order enforcement teams and the physical paradigms within each community, to effectively and periodically address delinquent behaviour. The focus is mainly on the 'family' as the primary source of behaviour control.
What Is the Social Control Theory?
Travis Hirschi propounded a theory of social control that emphasizes on the role of society in the control of criminal behaviour. It specifies the fact that no society can afford to denounce criminal activity without duly accepting its responsibility towards the same. Theory of social control stresses on the fact that most delinquent behaviour is the result of unmonitored 'social control' by the authorities and primarily, the family. The theory is indicative of the fact that relationships and commitments with respect to set norms and a belief structure encourage or discourage individuals and groups to break the law.
The theory spotlights the internalization of values and timely guidance and monitoring of behaviour as the factors responsible for an 'ideal' society. It is highlighted that it is only when an individual or a group has a major stake in the immediate, surrounding community, that the urge to behave in a deviant manner is suppressed willingly. The theory mentions ways by which the likelihood of criminality can be reduced. Some of the ways mentioned include:
Presence of a wide range of activities;
Scope for exploring the accepted processes of socialization and ethics;
Availability of unbiased choices within social contracts;
Generating a sense of responsibility within the immediate society;
Predetermining 'costs and consequences' to various choices made available;
Inner containment of a tendency towards delinquent behaviour and social anxiety through the development of self-image, within the family;
Harmonious living conditions;
Reduced family conflicts and aggressiveness and development of healthy family relationships;
Timely obscuration of delinquent peers and subcultures, via dedicated social networking.
Types of Social Control
Theory of social control proposes social learning with the help of 'social control'. This is believed to not only build on and motivate individual and group self-control, but also reduce even the most remote inclination towards antisocial behaviour. Types of social control derived from various functionalist theories include:
Direct social control via punitive action for wrongful behaviour, by family and state authority;
Indirect social control via timely identification of wrong influences on behaviour, by family and state authority;
Internal social control via conscience questioning;
Control via satisfaction of all basic human needs.