- •Міністерство освіти і науки україни
- •Мета навчання англійської мови студентів гуманітарних спеціальностей
- •What’s your learning style?
- •Sociology reinterpreted
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Tenses, for more information see Reference 1
- •Begin with: c Have youused any expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Analysis of questionnaire
- •Let’s play the no-no game
- •The ethics of research
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words (not all words are needed) from the previous exercise into the gaps below.
- •In this unit we make review of Relative clauses, for more information see Reference 2
- •Forming a hypothesis
- •Interpreting the data
- •Begin with:
- •Vocabulary Task 4. Chose the best headline a-h for each paragraph 1-8 (All the headlines will be used).
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Passive Voice, for more information see Reference 3
- •A: company president b: sales clerk
- •C Have youused any expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Answers to quiz
- •Economy: historical overview. Social inequality
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of the Articles, for more information see Appendix 4
- •Idea, European, expensive project, thousand times, mp, economic crisis, ewe, honest decision, mba, academic year, yearly chart, honourable person, university, euphemism.
- •Views on inequality
- •1. I stay late at the office:
- •2. Regarding my job, my friends and family say:
- •3. I miss events with my family and friends due to work:
- •4. I find myself doing work tasks outside of the office:
- •5. If I need to take personal time off of work (for a doctor’s appointment or another personal obligation):
- •Time, work and leisure
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words (not all words are needed) from the previous exercise into the gaps below.
- •In this unit we make review of Clauses, for more information see Appendix 5
- •Social movements and social conflicts
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Reference words,For more information see Appendix 6
- •Begin with c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Study skills answers
- •Education and equality
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of adjective, for more information see Appendix 7
- •Begin with: c Have youused any new expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •The name game
- •Ideas are plants
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Inversion, for more information see Reference 8
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Suggested answers to task 2
- •Saving lives through social action
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct wordsfrom the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Reported Speech, for more information see Appendix 9
- •Are is has live can can’t will were was had lived could won’t would
- •Begin with: c Have youused any expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Unit 10
- •The seven rules of rhetoric
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we continue review of Inversion and start review of Emphasis, for more information see Reference 10
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work unit 11
- •How ambitious are you?
- •1. In ten years do you hope to:
- •2. In twenty years' time do you hope to:
- •Why marriage?: the universal functions of the family
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct wordsfrom the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Conditionals, for more information see Appendix 11
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interisting expressions from the text in your summary?checked your spelling?used any Conditionals?heck your work
- •Unit 12
- •Men versus women quiz
- •3. A study has found women are more sensitive to male body odours than vice versa because…
- •4. Studies have shown that women feel more pain than men. What is not a reason for this?
- •8. Pick the incorrect answer from these research findings about heterosexual infidelity…
- •Answers
- •1. Answer: c) Roughly the same amount, 16,000 words per day.
- •3. Answer: b) Women can detect body odour better than men when the smell is being disguised.
- •4. Answer: c) Women have fewer nerve receptors than men causing them to feel pain more acutely.
- •5. Answer: d) All of the above.
- •6. Answer: d) Gay men use a mixture of male and female navigating techniques.
- •7. Answer: b) Women use parts of their brain involved in language processing more than men to decipher jokes.
- •8. Answer: a) Women were more likely to believe that men have sex when they are in love.
- •9. Answer: b) It's a cultural belief, standardised testing shows no gender differences in maths performance.
- •10. Answer: c) As a member of a predominantly monogamous species men invest more energy in relationships.
- •Masculinity and femininity: socialized differences
- •Vocabulary
- •In this unit we make review of Gerund/Infinitive, for more information see Appendix 12
- •1. Breaking the speed limits is regarded by men as a minor offence.
- •Unit 13
- •Social control
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct wordsfrom the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Modal Forms, for more information see Appendix 13
- •1. Deviance should be defined as violation of expected rules and norms.
- •4. Аномальність має бути розглянута з точки зору групових інтересів.
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?checked your spelling?used any Modal forms?heck your work
- •Grammar reference
- •Relative clauses
- •Passive voice
- •Articles
- •Clauses
- •Reference words
- •Adjective
- •Inversion
- •Reported speech
- •Emphasis
- •First Conditional: real possibility
- •Infinitive
- •The modals table
- •Literature
Begin with: c Have youused any new expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
UNIT 8
CAPITALISM AND SOCIALISM
SPEAKING
Task 1. Discuss these questions with a partner.
What do you know about Adam Smith's theory?
What have you heard about mixed economies?
What advantages and disadvantages of two systems can you provide?
STUDY SKILLS
The name game
In a highly competitive marketplace, thinking up distinctive names for new companies and their products is a specialist business. Lexicon Naming, who gave us “Pentium” and “Powerbook”, designed the following Name Game to test people’s branding skills.
Task 2. Work in groups. You are Lexicon Naming. Hold a meeting to choose the brand name that best matches the image the four client companies below would like to project. See page 132 for suggested answers.
Client 1 |
This cutting-edge video game company targets young males with its fast, action-packed titles. |
a Zule b Zyex c Mimem d Lura | |
Client 2 |
This environmentally progressive cosmetics company manufactures comforting, healing and improving products for women aged 18-34. |
a Tromos b Vaxlaz c Dartu d Ios | |
Client 3 |
This manufacturer specialises in miniature high tech gadgets like cell phones and PDAs. Their products are powerful, reliable, advanced, yet also lightweight and user-friendly. |
a Parmeon b Semsa c Areon d Zytos | |
Client 4 |
This prescription pharmaceuticals firm develops and manufactures innovative drugs for the traditional marketplace and for biotech applications. |
a Sylag b Tura c Zantis d Bagnum |
Task 3. Complete the sentences using the words in the boxes.
growing coming pooling pouring sowing trickling |
Money is liquid
a They're ______ millions of dollars into R&D.
b A small amount of cash has started _____ in.
c We should be ______ our resources – together we'd have sufficient capital to fund new research.
Ideas are plants
d After years of work, our plans are finally______ to fruition.
e There's ______ support for the project – most of the people we spoke to think it's a good idea.
f They're ______ the seeds of doubt in the mind of the customer and, as a result, we're losing sales.
victory attack goalposts guns stakes fight odds idea |
Argument is war
g They shot down my ______ before I’d even had a chance to explain it.
h We came under______ from the marketing team.
i He didn't put up much of a ____. In fact, he just seemed to give in completely.
j She stuck to her ______ and refused to move an inch.
Competition is sport
k We've scored a significant ______ in the home market.
l The ______ are high – we're risking the future of this company.
m The ______ are against us, but there's still a chance we can succeed.
n We don't know what our objectives are supposed to be because they keep moving the _________.
READING
Task 4. Read the text and choose the best title. Compare your answers with other students.
The Secrets of Capitalism
In Search of Excellent Mixture
The Sociology of Economic Life
....
While Adam Smith saw government interference with the free market as a hindrance to economic efficiency, Americans are more likely to see government control as a threat to their individual freedoms in a democracy. For many people, the alternative to economic freedom is socialism – an imprecise term for a system of public ownership and management of the means of production and distribution of goods. The dangers of centralized economic and political power are clearly seen in the totalitarian socialist states. In the Soviet Union and Cuba, a command economy is part of a repressive political system in which personal as well as economic freedom is severely restricted. The advantage of capitalism is that private enterprises provide separate power bases which offset and even oppose the state's power over the lives of its citizens.
However, government intervention in the economy does not necessarily destroy democratic liberty. All capitalist countries have mixed economies which combine a relatively free market with some government controls. In the American free enterprise system – probably the least regulated of all capitalist economies – the federal government supports farm prices, limits foreign imports, sets minimum wages, provides Social Security benefits, and influences economic activities through its tax and budget policies.
On the other hand, a free market economy does not guarantee political liberty. Many free-enterprise systems – in Chile, Kenya, Pakistan, and South Korea, for example – are associated with authoritarian regimes. Some economic freedom appears to be necessary for political democracy, but free enterprise by itself is not enough to ensure it. The political issue, then, is how to prevent the combination of political and economic power that leads to tyranny.
The economic issue is whether the free market is still the most efficient means of distributing goods and services. By reducing competition, socialist systems have produced notorious inefficiencies. When free enterprise is replaced by highly centralized bureaucracies, as it is in the Soviet Union, a typical displacement of goals takes place: the rules and procedures for meeting production goals are followed to the letter without as much concern for the quality and quantity of consumer goods being produced. Furthermore, in a society where everyone is guaranteed a job, there is little incentive to improve workmanship and productivity. As a result, shoddy goods, haphazard distribution, and unpredictable shortages plague the Soviet economy.
Classical economists share Adam Smith's belief that the invisible hand should not be hampered by government interference in the market. We have seen, however, that laissez-faire policies eventually led to monopolistic concentration and a disastrous depression, and that the government has usually intervened to protect rather than oppose the competition of the free market. Moreover, even if we wanted to go back to the "good old days" of competitive capitalism, we could hardly do so. Today corporate giants like the "Fortune 500" are well protected against the pressures of the market. Furthermore, a return to laissez-faire would not necessarily unleash the creative energies of individual self-interest. Almost all modern workers are now employees: freeing IBM or General Motors from government control would not give corporate bureaucrats much incentive to try harder. A successful return to Adam Smith's policies would require a return to Adam Smith's world, and that world has disappeared forever.
Nevertheless, there are many ways of rearranging the mixture of mixed economies. Industrial managers in the Soviet Union now offer pay incentives to increase productivity, and socialist Yugoslavia is developing a genuinely competitive market for its state-owned enterprises. The progressive capitalist countries of Europe have tried almost every possible mix of public and private ownership, central planning and open market, monopoly and competition, and worker and management control. These experiments with the mixed economy will probably continue, as one kind of system tries to control the instability inherent in capitalism and the other tries to reduce the inefficiencies inherent in socialism.