- •Міністерство освіти і науки України Донбаський державний технічний університет Кафедра теорії і практики перекладу германських і романських мов
- •In the subject: "Translation Analysis of Technical Texts"
- •The rules recommended for segmentation of the text.
- •Kinds of transformation in translation
- •Practical assignment.
- •1. Marks & Spencer
- •Devonshire Splits
- •In the subject “Translating Analysis of Technical Texts”
- •1. Language units and levels of their faithful translation
- •2. Ways of Conveying the Meanings of Polysemantic Language Units
- •3. The contectual environment
- •In the subject: “Translating Analysis of Technical texts”
- •Practical analysys of the lexicological aspects of translation
- •Methods and ways of translating various proper names
- •2. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Translation of idiomatic and stable expressions
- •2. By choosing absolute/complete equivalents
- •3.Translation of idioms by choosing near equivalents
- •4. Translation by choosing genuine idiomatic analogies
- •5. Translating idioms by choosing approximate analogies
- •Descriptive Translating of Idiomatic and Set Expressions
- •Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating
- •In the subject: "Translation Analysis of Technical Texts"
- •Realization of contextual meanings of the definite article
- •Realization of contextual meanings of the indefinite article
- •Suggested topics for self-testing and class discussion
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Approaches to translating asyndetic substantival clusters
- •Translation of two-componental asyndetic substantival clusters
- •Translation of three-componental asyndetic substantival clusters
- •Translation of four-componental asynpetic substantival clusters
- •Translation of five-, six- and seven-componental asyndetic substantival clusters
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Ways of rendering the lexico-grammatical meanings and functions of the english infinitive
- •Ways of translating infinitival complexes
- •Ways of translating the objective with the infinitive constructions/predicative complexes
- •Ways of rendering the meaning of the Subjective with the infinitive constructions
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Ways of translating the participles and participial constructions
- •Ways of translating participial constructions
- •Ways of Translating the Objective with the Participle Constructions/Complexes
- •В. Ways of Translating the Subjective with the Participle Constructions
- •C. Ways of translating the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Ways of Translating the Gerund and Gerundial Constructions
- •Ways of translating gerundial complexes/constructions
3.Translation of idioms by choosing near equivalents
The meaning of a considerable number of phrase idioms and sentence idioms originating in both languages from a common source may sometimes have, unlike absolute equivalents, one or even most of their components different, than in the target language. Hence, the quality of their images is not identical either, though not necessarily their picturesqueness and expressiveness (if any): baker's/printer's dozen чортова дюжина; the devil is not so black as he is painted не такий дідько/чорт страшний, як його малюють; a lot of water had flown/run under the bridge багато води спливло відтоді; love is the mother of love любов породжує любов; too much knowledge makes the head bald від великих знань голова лисіє; in broad daylight серед білого дня; as short as a dog's tale короткий, як осінній день; as pale as paper блідий мов стіна, measure twice cut once сім раз одміряй, один раз одріж.
The slight divergences in the near equivalents as compared with the source language idioms can manifest themselves also in some other aspects, as for example:
a) in the structure of the target language variant (cf. to make a long story short сказати коротко);
b) in the omission (or adding) of a componental part in the target language (cf. a lot of water had run under the bridge since then багато води спливло відтоді);
c) in the substitution of a feature (or image) of the source language phraseological/idiomatic expression for some other (more fitting or traditionally expected) in the target language: as pale as paper блідий мов стіна; baker's/printer's dozen чортова дюжина; everything is good in its season все добре в свій час (cf. добра ложка до обіду);
d) in the generalization of the features of the source language idiomatic expression: one's own flesh and bone рідна кровинка;
e) in the concretization of some features of the original: a voice in the wilderness глас волаючого в пустелі; you can not catch an оld bird with chaff старого горобця на полові не впіймаєш; to folowlike St. Anthony's ріg ходити (за кимось) як тінь/переслідувати когось.
Similar componental substitutions, both semantic and structural, can be observed in regular standardized collocations and in omparative proverbs or saying as: to do harm завдати шкоди; to о one's duty виконувати свій обов'язок; to throw/shed light проливати світло; (as) busy as a bee працьовитий, мов бджола; (as) slippery as an eel слизький як в'юн; as cool as a cucumber холодний як крига (лід); golden opportunity чудова можливість, to shed crocodile's tears плакати крокодилячими слізьми.
Therefore, faithful translation may be achieved by different methods. Moreover, it must be evident now that «translating by means f loans» may refer to any method of rendering phraseologisms/idioms which are or may become regular loans in the target language.
Consequently, translation of idiomatic expressions «by means of loans» does not always fully justify the essence of the term as such.