9. Match the synonyms

1. nature	a. phase
2. iteration	b. essence
3. implementation	c. as required
4. properly	d. error
5. modify	e. examine
6. fault	f. realization
7. investigate	g. try
8. stage	h. loop
9. test	i. usually
10. commonly	j. change

10. Match the antonyms

1. clarify	a. weakness
2. strength	b. complicate
3. input	c. last
4. remove	d. hide
5. different	e. exclude
6. show	f. install
7. include	g. offer
8. true	h. similar
9. first	i. output
10. require	j. false

11. Look back in the text and find words that have a similar meaning to:

• the physical components of a computer system

• a set of instructions, written in a computer language, that control the behaviour of a computer

• the material that has to be processed

• a person who designs or modifies information systems to meet users' requirements

• identifying and fixing any problems or faults in the program code

• a system where a number of computers and peripheral devices are connected together

• changed so that they can be operated or controlled using a computer

• the processed data or signals that come out of a computer system

12. Here are the answers. Ask the questions

1. He designs or modifies information systems to meet users' requirements.

2. They need to establish seven factors.

3. Yes, they do. Programming languages use different structures for sequencing program instructions.

13. Choose the correct answer:

1. Software engineering is the discipline of designing high quality _________ .

a) software decisions b) software solutions c) databases

2. Software consists of _______.

a) programs and data b) programs c) data

3. Programs are written in ________ .

a) natural languages b) computer languages c) any languages

4. Programs are written by people called __________.

a) computer operators b) programmers c) engineers

5. A systems analyst is a person who ___________ information systems to meet users' requirements.

a) designs or modifies b) tests c) installs

6. Producing a program _________ a number of stages.

a) involves b) excludes c) changes

7. Clarifying the problem means considering the requirements of the potential _____

a) programmers b) users c) analysts

8. Designing the solution to the problem is deciding on the overall _______ of the solution

a) size b) cost c) structure

9. Coding the program begins with choosing an appropriate programming language and inputting the __________

a) software solution b)program code c) final results

10. ___________ the program are identifying and fixing any problems or faults in the program code.

a) Modifying and designing b)Testing and debugging c) Developing and compiling

11. Documenting and maintaining the program including writing ______for using the program.

a) instructions b) viruses c) pseudocode

12. Systems analysts first need to talk to the ______.

a) operators b) users c) buyers

13. Systems analysts have to choose a suitable ________

a) hardware b) software c)programming language

14. It is necessary __________________ the program until it works properly.

a) to write and debug b) to test and adapt c) to run and switch off

15. The system then has to be _________

a) put into repair b) put into maintenance c) put into service

16. The users have to be ____________

a) trained b) practiced c) updated

17. Putting into service involves _________ the program specifications and writing _________for using the system.

a)servicing, programs b)documenting, instructions c) maintaining, letters

18. Programming languages commonly use different structures for sequencing _____________.

a) program instructions b) iterations c) computer languages

19. Conditional instruction means that if a certain condition is true, then ______ this instruction.

a) delete b) process c)save

20. ___________ are used to indicate how a conditional structure will process data.

a) programming languages b)decision tables c) language codes

21. Iterations or __________ involve processing the instructions repeatedly until or while a particular condition is true, or false.

a) loop instructions b) decision tables c) sequence of instructions

22. Program flowcharts can be used _____________in a program and are sometimes used for designing parts of programs such as iterations.

a) to delete the instructions b) to change the steps c)to show the sequence of instructions

23. Pseudocode is a method of ____________of a computer program using a mixture of natural language and computer language code.

a) writing a description b) processing information c) searching the data

24. There are a large number of computer languages ____________ for use by programmers.

a) compulsory b) available c) important

25. Each __________ has particular strengths and weaknesses.

a) decision table b) error message c)programming language

26. A _____________has to decide which language is most appropriate in each situation.

a) systems analyst b) programmer c) teacher

27. In direct implementation the old system is simply ________ and the new system is _______ .

a) removed, installed b) set up, removed c) upgraded, not installed

28 In _________ implementation only one system is used at any one time.

a) phased b) parallel c) direct

29. Parallel implementation where the old and the new systems are both used _______ until the users are satisfied that the new system is working properly

a) in turn b) at the same time c) from time to time

30. Phased implementation where the old system is gradually _________ by the new system, one part at a time

a) removed b) replaced c) installed

31. ________ implementation where the new system is tried out in one section of the company to make sure that it works as required.

a) parallel b) phased c) pilot

32. Each language is designed for use in _________ particular types of problem.

a) solve b)solving c) being solved

33. __________ to new computer systems can be done in different ways.

a) converting b) being converted c) to convert