Translation № 17

1. It may turn out impossible to run the entire set of programs without resorting to special purpose equipment due to the processed data being modified.

2. We found the Doppler effect to reveal the range of velocities of molecules in a cloud, the greater the range of velocities, the broader the spectral line.

3. A suitable model of the X-ray source is required for interpreting experimental results beyond the directly measurable quantities. In the long run the usefulness of the model is certain to depend on the skill of the astronomer.

4. Simulating the reaction in our case is rendered somewhat complicated by the fact that the reaction is reversible and so requires special treatment.

5. Whatever the response of the receiving system, the system should be highly reliable.

6. Not only can one of the reactants retard a reaction by being strongly absorbed but a reaction product can function in a similar fashion.

7. It is the exchange forces that are responsible for mutual repulsion of particles.

8. One can, therefore, rule out consideration of magnetic forces of either ambient fields or residual effects from the acceleration process in attempting to simulate the interaction mechanism.

9. Any curved mirror that lacks rotational symmetry can focus incoming light from a point source to a locus of points rather than to a single point. Hence the images reflected in mirrors such as the convex cylinder are also affected by blurring (нерезкость изображения) which is related to astigmatism of the eye.

10. Plutonium-239 is obtained from uranium-238 as a result of radioactive capture of neutrons released in reactions followed by two relatively rapid stages of beta decay, as stated above.

11. Safe though the technique involved is, it cannot be completely relied upon because of its being sensitive to slight changes in temperature.

Translation № 18

1. The problem can be shown to reduce to knowing whether the expressions are bounded in the domain of interest and whether subexpressions evaluated at rational points are equal to 0.

2. Revealed in the image are the successive intensity variations of the scattered sound believed to result from the changes in the medium density.

3. Not only would more people be capable of running a computer, but those who had previously considered it time-consuming might now find it worthwhile.

4. There is every reason to suppose that what seemed a remote possibility a decade ago has become a reality now.

5. The use of amplification renders possible the satisfactory reception of signals from waves that would otherwise be too weak to give an audible response.

6. To render the computer sensitive again would now require the repetition of the charging or insulating processes, which is seemingly too elaborate.

7. We succeeded in proving that besides being sensible the sacrifice in accuracy at the expense of retardation in the magnetic field is necessary.

8. To check Eq.5 we apply a trial and error method, this entailing a tolerable sacrifice in time.

9. Important as Mechnikov’s discoveries proved in themselves, their significance is further increased by the impetus they gave to the development of physiology.

10. It is easy to imagine an electron undergoing two phase shifts in succession, say by emitting a photon and later absorbing one.

11. The leptons differ from the generally heavier hadrons primarily by being insensitive to the strong nuclear force, the dominant strong-range force binding together the particles of the atomic nucleus. The leptons share this immunity (невосприимчивость) to the strong force with the photon.

12. If a single explosion gave rise to jets (реактивная струя) the original energy of the explosion would have to be much greater than the kinetic one.