- •6. Read the common arguments for and against television, arrange them into two columns. Agree or disagree:
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •2. Name the principal British newspapers. Say what kind of information they offer their readers.
- •3. Read the following extract and explain why Fleet Street is often called the home of the British Press.
- •6. Read the text once more. Use the information given in it while speaking about the Russian Press.
- •Active Vocabulary
- •1. Find the answers to the following:
- •2. Translate into Russian. Reproduce the situations in the text in which they are given.
- •3. Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •1. Fill in the gaps with prepositions
- •2. Give the definitions of the following expressions:
- •3. Discuss the problem of «paparazzi» with your partners.
- •4. Read the text. What is it about? What is your variant of the title?
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
- •3. Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •Active Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Russian consulting the essential vocabulary.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Answer the questions by choosing one of the alternatives, explain your choice:
- •4. Practise asking questions. Imagine that you are an editor-in-chief and are interviewing an applicant for a job on your newspaper. Work in pairs:
- •5. Read the text without a dictionary. Sum it up in two sentences
- •6. Read the text consulting the notes given below. Make up a dialogue based on the text working in pairs:
- •7. Paraphrase the following sentences. Use the modal verb should.
- •8. Prepare an outline of the text.
- •1. Translate the following definitions:
- •2. Explain and expand on the following.
- •3. Give as many prefaces to the following dialogues as you can. The situation may concern the topic: Photojournalism.
- •4. Give the contents of the story in a nutshell.
- •5. Read this passage and answer the questions. Sum it up in one sentence.
- •Tv news and new technology
- •6. Render the following text into English.
- •Active Vocabulary
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •3. Write questions to go with these answers. Translate the questions and answers into Russian.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Comment on the following:
- •Active Vocabulary
- •1. Find the English equivalents in the text.
- •2. Think of your own sentences with the following expressions.
- •3. Work in groups. Ask your partners which of these adjectives describe skills required of a journalist doing a live report best:
- •4. Answer these questions:
- •5. Render the following text into English.
- •1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •2. Match the words having the close meaning.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions.
- •4. Discuss similarities and differences between the «beat system» and «specialist system». When comparing them, use the following phrases:
- •5. Make the synopsis of the text.
- •2. Supply the missing formulas of invitation to the following replies.
- •3. Provide a natural conversational context for the following sentences.
- •4. You are to interview a tutor from Great Britain. He is going to visit your University. Be ready with your questions.
- •Active vocabulary
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Read the following proverbs. Match them with their Russian equivalents. Make short stories to illustrate them.
- •3. Read the following extract and discuss it.
- •1. What is implied under the term « news style »? Find the definition in the text.
- •2. Explain and expand on the following.
- •1. Render the following sentences in your own words.
- •2. Rewrite this text in a form of an instruction.
- •1. People can find good and bad features in advertising. What do you think these features are? Read the information below and separate the ideas into two columns for good and bad points.
- •2. Name as many goals of advertising as you can and give examples of how they can be achieved.
- •3. Cut out (or copy) two recent advertisements: from a magazine or a newspaper. In each case, indicate which needs the ads are appealing to.
- •4. This is an advertisement for a new tv programme called "Wise Up". Read it and design an ad of your own. Think of the text for it. Attach photos or pictures.
- •5. Advertising, public relations, publicity. Differentiate. Use the following definitions.
- •6. Read the text. What is it about? What is your variant of the title? How many parts does the text consist of? What is each part about? Define the key sentence of each paragraph.
- •7. Choose any problem you are interested in and make a 5-minute report in class. Refer to different additional sources to make your report instructive and informative.
- •8. Summarize the information to be ready to speak on Advertising. Begin your work with writing a plan.
5. Read the text without a dictionary. Sum it up in two sentences
Yellow journalism is a type of journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers. It may feature exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, sensationalism, or unprofessional practices by news media organizations or journalists. Campbell (2001) defines Yellow Press newspapers as having daily multi-column front-page headlines covering a variety of topics, such as sports and scandal, using bold layouts (with large illustrations and perhaps color), heavy reliance on unnamed sources, and unabashed self-promotion. The term was extensively used to describe certain major New York City newspapers about 1900 as they battled for circulation. By extension the term is used today as a pejorative to decry any journalism that treats news in an unprofessional or unethical fashion, such as systematic political bias.
6. Read the text consulting the notes given below. Make up a dialogue based on the text working in pairs:
The general assignment reporter1 is the backbone of any newspaper's staff. I think the requirements for a general assignment reporter are higher today than ever were before. He almost has to be a college graduate and have a wide knowledge of the world and affairs if he is to amount to anything as a reporter. The breed2 that is disappearing now is the leg man3, the guy who races to the scene of the crime and phones in notes to a rewrite man.4 These days most papers insist on reporters who can write their own stories, even if a rewrite man has to fix them up5 later.
NOTES
1general assignment reporter - репортер широкого профиля
2breed - племя
3leg man - репортер, собирающий материал
4 rewrite man - сотрудник редакции, обрабатывающий материал репортера
5to fix them up - дорабатывать, редактировать
7. Paraphrase the following sentences. Use the modal verb should.
According to The Elements of Journalism, a book by Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, there are nine elements of journalism. Journalists need to be free and self-governing in order to fulfill their duty of providing the people with the information. They must follow these guidelines:
Journalism's first obligation is to the truth.
Its first loyalty is to the citizens.
Its essence is discipline of verification.
Its practitioners must maintain an independence from those they cover.
It must serve as an independent monitor of power.
It must provide a forum for public criticism and compromise.
It must strive to make the significant interesting, and relevant.
It must keep the news comprehensive and proportional.
Its practitioners must be allowed to exercise their personal conscience.
In the April 2007 edition of the book, they have added one additional element, the rights and responsibilities of citizens to make it a total of ten elements of journalism.
8. Prepare an outline of the text.
TEXT 7 Photojournalism.
Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that creates images in order to tell a news story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, and in some cases to video used in broadcast journalism or for personal use. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of photography (such as documentary photography, street photography or celebrity photography) by the qualities of: timeliness, objectivity and narrative. A photojournalist is a reporter who helps to illustrate news stories with photos.
The practice of illustrating news stories with photographs was made possible by printing and photography innovations that occurred between 1880 and 1897.
In 1887, flash powder was invented, enabling journalists to photograph informal subjects indoors. By 1897, it became possible to reproduce halftone photographs on printing presses running at full speed. In 1921, the wirephoto made it possible to transmit pictures. In 1925 the commercial 35mm Leica camera was developed. The introduction of this camera made it possible for photographers to move with the action, taking shots of events as they were unfolding.
Until the 1980s, newspapers were printed with turn-of-the-century “letterpress” technology using easily smudged oil-based ink and low-quality paper. In the 1980s a majority of newspapers switched to “offset” presses. Smaller, lighter cameras greatly enhanced the role of the photojournalist. Since the 1960s, motor drives, electronic flash, auto-focus, better lenses and other camera enhancements have made picture taking easier. New digital cameras free photojournalists from the limitation of film roll length, as thousands of images can be stored on a single memory card.
Now, equipped with a digital camera, a mobile phone and a laptop computer, a photojournalist can send a high-quality image in minutes, even seconds after an event occurs. Camera phones and portable satellite links increasingly allow for the mobile transmission of images from almost any point on the earth.
EXERCISES