The most effective are the following props:

Logical-semantic schemes, or incomplete sentences which determine the succession of composing an utterance of particular communicative types.

Logical-semantic scheme:

Content Vocabulary to be used

Name kinds of summer rest. We can spend our holidays….

Choose a preferable one for you. I prefer…

Say why. It is in…

… is the most preferable…

b) Plan (outline) of an utterance which predetermines its structure.

c) Pictures (of an object or situational ones);

d) Situations (real or teaching),

e) Independent work with cards at the lesson, e.g. each pupil gets a separate task:

A rgumentation:

In summer the farmers have to work very In summer there is …(a lot of work in the field

quickly. and the garden.

Say why, using the scheme suggested. The weather …(may change)

It is difficult … (to work in bad weather).

So… ( the farmers must work very quickly).

Description:

D escribe the town you live in to your friend, Our town is….

who has come to visit you. It has…

+ strip-stories There are…

Stage Three - development of the skill of producing a topic-based utterance. Ex-ses of this level imply the highest degree of independence. Natural stimuli in these ex-ses are: pictures, film strips, texts, topics, situations, pupil’s background and life experience.

Ex-ses used here are:

1. The ex-ses, aimed at producing an utterance based on a picture and accompanying text.

2. Ex-ses, aimed at producing an utterance based on a picture or a series of pictures (or a film-strip) without an accompanying text.

3. ex-ses, aimed at producing an utterance based on what has been heard or read. Pupils do oral communicative ex-se on the plot of the text:

read and say what you have found out;
read and say what you could foresee and why;
read and compare (find differences and similarities).

4. ex-ses aimed at producing an utterance based on the topic.

5. ex-ses aimed at thinking of a title to the story (picture) and discussing it with friends.

6. ex-ses aimed at making up texts of postcards.

7. ex-ses aimed at illustrating a proverb.

8. ex-ses aimed at making up a story (by analogy, in different persons, according to the plan, using the key-words).

9. ex-ses aimed at commenting on the story, event/ speech – after you read activities.

10. Draw a map of your dream town/ favourite district or street. Label it with the necessary symbols. The task for the friends is to find a school/library/factory…. And to explain how we can get there.

11. “A Town Survey”. Team or pair work: Go to the factory and ask how many people work there; what they produce; salary; vacations; privileges….or Go to your avourite café and ask the sales-man/woman what the most popular dish/dessert is; what the “busiest” hours are; salary, customs… and tell about it to your classmates.

12. time-line of your life.

1980 1984 1986 1990 1997 2000 2004 2006