- •Lecture 1 Methods of Foreign Language as a Science Outline
- •General Characteristics of Ways of Research used in Methods of flt
- •Main methodological categories
- •Aims and Content of f.L.Teaching in secondary schools
- •The content of teaching a f.L.
- •1) Young children (8-12) –a1 level;
- •2) Adolescents (12-16) – a2 level;
- •T he communicative language competence
- •Principles of Methods of Foreign Language Teaching Outline.
- •The Fundamental didactic principles
- •Individualization
- •Visualization;
- •Principles Specific for Methods of f.L.T.
- •5 Aspects of communication at a lesson (by prof. Passov):
- •Requirements to exercises:
- •Methods of Foreign Language Teaching
- •V (acquaintance) e
- •I organizing drill realization (drill) l
- •Role of teaching aids and teaching materials in flt.
- •Groups and kinds of teaching aids and teaching materials.
- •How to teach using a filmstrip; taperecording; a sound film fragment/loop, etc.
- •Visual audio audio-visual
- •Characteristic features of a textbook.
- •How to teach using a film fragment.
- •Lecture # 5 Planning in Foreign languages Teaching. Outline
- •The merits of the unit plan:
- •G roups of English phonemes
- •How to present a new sound
- •3 Main groups of ex-ses for t.Pr.:
- •Individual reading by a pupil
- •Lecture # 7 Teaching Grammar Outline.
- •Aspects of teaching Grammar have 3 sides:
- •The basic principles of selection of grammar material for the active minimum are as follows:
- •The principles of selection of the passive minimum of grammar material as follows:
- •Principle of polysemy. The content of teaching grammar in a secondary school includes:
- •Methodological classification of the grammar material of the English language comprises 3 groups:
- •How to introduce a grammatical structure to pupils:
- •Lecture # 8 Teaching Vocabulary
- •By vocabulary habits we mean the ability:
- •Different approaches to recognition of lexical (vocabulary) complexity:
- •The basic principles of selection of the active minimum Voc.:
- •The criteria of selection of the passive minimum Voc.:
- •The main stages of formation of the vocabulary habits.
- •How to work at a new word?
- •In a context
- •Lecture 9 Teaching Listening Comprehension
- •And skills in a an effective means of developing habits foreign language;
- •The psychological mechanisms of auditory perception of the living speech:
- •Difficulties of listening and comprehension of the living speech and factors influencing the success of lc
- •Inner factors : (interest, level of attention and concentration,
- •Individual peculiarities of pupils’ quick-wittidness, reaction and quick transfer from one intellectual operation to another, etc) which are strictly personal;
- •I. To the extra aural (linguistic) difficulties we refer:
- •Is interesting to the pupils of a particular age-group from the point of view of emotional colouring;
- •Is logically characterized by the development of events;
- •Is free from too many details;
- •C hief stages of teaching lc are:
- •How to organize lc of a text presented by a teacher or a tape recorder in steps.
- •The requirements to the speech ex-ses for t.Lc are as follows:
- •They should provide the formation of auding skills step by step in accordance with the level of pupils’ command of the target language, the character of the text etc.
- •Stages of formation of Listening Comprehension:
- •Ways of checking up understanding
- •Orally and in writing;
- •In the mother tongue or in the target language if the pupils’ level of mastering the target language is enough to convey the information;
- •Extralinguistic and linguistic ways - draw, underline, perform an action. Pupils are supposed to know the requirements to auding a particular text (e.G. The number of details).
- •Teaching Speaking
- •C ommunication
- •Interacted with other
- •The main features of any skill are as follows:
- •Speaking is closely connected with all other language activities:
- •Writing appeared as a means of fixation of the sounds for presenting and reproducing sound speech;
- •Reading is a transitional stage between Sp and Wr. And it has some features of both of them.
- •An impromptu speech is based on:
- •A situation is characterized by the following features:
- •The most effective are the following props:
- •It is difficult … (to work in bad weather).
- •Lecture 12 Teaching Dialogue
- •It is used for practicing the speech materials under supervision of a teacher;
- •It is used in a question-answer form (the teacher’s questions and the pupils’ answers).
- •The psychological features of d:
- •Linguistic characteristics of d
- •The communicative function in a d:
- •Stages and Techniques of td
- •It is aimed at developing the skills of producing microdialogues with the help of different props:
- •1) Props to be used here:
- •4) Stripped dialogues:
- •Indirect transformation: listen to the text and discuss it in pairs.
- •How to work at the model-dialogue:
- •Values of Reading
- •It presupposes:
- •The Requirements to texts for synthetical reading:
- •2) Understandable for this or that particular age group of pupils;
- •3) Logical and clear-cut composition; simple, laconic style of literary speech.
- •The requirements to texts for home-reading:
- •Analytical reading presupposes:
- •How to work at a text with the aim of grasping its general content.
- •Before-you-read activities:
- •How to evaluate the pupils’ utterances:
- •Rule for the teacher:
How to work at a new word?
T here are two ways: at an isolated word
In a context
How to work at an isolated word:
when you deal with proper names, geographical names;
sometimes you can give some words to develop the language guessing abilities (the first word is given in a context, the rest – in isolation: a runner – in a context; a jumper – will be easily guessed);
when teaching the pupils to work with a dictionary.
Work at a new word in a context is more widely used: in a phrase, in a situation, in a story, in question-answer form, in a talk, in a story with elements of a talk. It leads to better assimilation of new words.
Stage II – drilling. Aim: to create/form the stereotypes of usage of a new word.
Stage III – situational (communicative practice). Aim – improvement of the vocabulary habits and developing of the pupils’ skills of using the vocabulary independently.
Lecture 9 Teaching Listening Comprehension
Outline
Characteristics of LC as a means and as an aim of teaching.
Psychological mechanisms of perception of speech by the ear. Difficulties of perception of the living speech in a foreign language.
Chief stages of teaching LC and their interrelation. Exercises aimed at development of auding skills.
Ways and techniques of comprehension of dialogue and monologue by ear. Using of the mechanical teaching aids in teaching listening comprehension.
*******************
The term “auding” means hearing and comprehension. To aud means to recognize and to comprehend the content of speech. Auding is a receptive kind of language activity. It is both an aim and a means of teaching.
LC as a means of teaching is used as :
a way of introduction of the language material in oral form (in a talk, in speech patterns);
a means of forming well-set acoustic images of language phenomena (words) together with their meanings, which is ensured by multiple perception of the same material by the ear;
a means of acquiring pronunciation habits, because instruction only won’t help pupils to pronounce a sound strange to their mother-tongue if they don’t hear how it is pronounced by a teacher or by the speaker;
a major means of teaching speaking. Psychologists and methodologists (beginning with H. Palmer) have admitted the necessity of auding coming before outstripping speaking;
And skills in a an effective means of developing habits foreign language;
a means of mastering the (teaching) technique of reading aloud, as the mechanisms of reading aloud comprises also acoustic images. The year controls correctness of reading a text aloud.
LC as the means of teaching permits multiple listening of one and the same speech material; while LC as a language activity constitutes a skill of comprehending speech by ear at single (presented but once) perception (presentation).
****************