- •Дорогие первокурсники!
- •Meeting people
- •2. Match the following words and word-combinations. Use them in sentences of your own
- •Vocabulary to Text 2
- •1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks following it Forms of Address
- •2. Match the following words and word-combinations. Use them in sentences of your own
- •3. Answer the following questions
- •Dialogues
- •Dialogue 1
- •Dialogue 2
- •Dialogue 3
- •Dialogue 4
- •Greeting People
- •Dialogue 5
- •At the Friendship House
- •Exercises
- •1. Complete these conversations. Then practise them
- •3. You are on a stay in Britain on an exchange programme. Say how you would address each of the following:
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Questions on the topic
- •Jokes and fun
- •The activities
- •Role play
- •2. Match the following words and word-combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own
- •Vocabulary to Text 2
- •1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks following it a Quiet Revolution?
- •2. Match the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own
- •Dialogue 2.
- •Dialogue 3.
- •Dialogue 4.
- •Dialogue 5.
- •Dialogue 6.
- •Dialogue 7.
- •Dialogue 8.
- •1. Translate into English
- •*2.Translate the following dialogues and dramatize them in English
- •*3. Questions on the topic
- •4. Read the following announcement and if you are not married write your own announcement
- •5. Agree or disagree with the following statements by using the phrases like: I (fully/partly) agree. I couldn’t agree more. (I am afraid) I disagree. Try to prove your point
- •Jokes and fun
- •1.Daddy’s Little Girl
- •3. Numbers in my life
- •Let’s share
- •Role play
- •Talking about the weather
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary to Text
- •Text 1.
- •1. Read the following interview and translate it into Russian. Do the tasks following it Angry, Sad, Happy?-Blame the Weather! (Interview with an expert)
- •2. Match English word-combinations with their Russian equivalents
- •3. Translate the following questions into English, then answer them
- •Weather in New York
- •2. Answer the following questions
- •The Weather in Britain
- •Dialogue 1. Read and dramatize the following dialogue Talking about Weather
- •Read the following dialogue. Render the contents of the dialogue in indirect speech
- •Dialogue 3. Read and dramatize the following dialogue
- •Dialogue 4. Complete the open dialogue using the vocabulary of the unit
- •Exercises
- •1. A) Fill the gaps in sentences 1-5 with the correct-form of one of these verbs
- •2. Match these adjectives with suitable weather nouns
- •3. Guess the meanings of the weather idioms in italics in these sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian
- •4. Translate into English
- •5*. Translate the following text into English, then write a short text about the weather in your country or another country
- •6*. Translate into English
- •7. Questions on the topic
- •Jokes and fun Read the stories
- •2. The Woman Who Wanted To Sing
- •Role play
- •Keeping fit
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary to Text1.
- •1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks following it Self-Care Has Come of Age – Again!
- •2. Match the following words and word-combinations and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •3. Translate the following questions into English, then answer them.
- •Text 2.
- •1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks following it
- •Aerobic dancing
- •2. Match the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own
- •3. Translate the following questions into English, then answer them
- •Dialogues
- •How to ask about people's health
- •Dialogue 1 Read and dramatize the following dialogue
- •Visiting the Doctor
- •Dialogue 2. Read the following dialogue. Render the contents of the dialogue in indirect speech
- •Dialogue 3.
- •At the Doctor's
- •Dialogue 4.
- •Dialogue5. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Exercises
- •1. Filling gaps. (Cloze technique) Going to the doctor
- •Going to the dentist
- •2. Translate into English
- •3*. Translate into English
- •4*. Translate the following dialogues into English. Use the vocabulary of the unit
- •5. Questions on the topic
- •Jokes and fun
- •Role play
- •Ways of holiday-making. Travelling
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary to Text 1.
- •Text 1.
- •Planning Holidays
- •2. Match the following words and word-combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own
- •3. Translate the following questions into English, then answer them
- •4. Find statements in the text you agree with
- •5. Discuss the text with a friend. Work in pair. Speak of your own experience in planning a holiday and spending one
- •Vocabulary to Text 2.
- •Text 2.
- •1. Read and translate the following text. Do the tasks that follow it Ways of Holiday-Making
- •2. Match the following words and word-combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own
- •3. Translate the following questions into English, then answer them
- •4. Find statements in the text you agree with
- •2. Match the following words and word combinations. Give definition to them
- •3. Answer the following questions
- •Dialogues
- •Dialogue 2. Read the following dialogue. Render the contents of the dialogue in indirect speech
- •Dialogue 3. Read and dramatize the following dialogue
- •Dialogue 4. Learn the following dialogue by heart
- •Dialogue 5. Complete the open dialogue. Use the vocabulary of the unit
- •Exercises
- •1. Fill in prepositions where necessary
- •2. Translate into English
- •3. Translate into English
- •4*. Translate the following dialogues into English. Use the vocabulary of the unit a
- •5. Questions on the topic
- •Jokes and fun
- •3. The Vacation In Florida
- •Short activities
- •Role play
- •Education
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary to Text 1.
- •Text 1.
- •1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks that follow it How to Educate a Child
- •2. Match the following words and word-combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own
- •3. Translate the following questions into English, then answer them
- •4. Find statements in the text you agree with.
- •Vocabulary to Text 2.
- •Text 2. Higher Education Part one
- •6. Match the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own
- •7.All Students a do task I together
- •Vocabulary to Text 2.
- •Text 2. Part two
- •8. Match the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •9.All Students b do task I together
- •10*. Translate the following questions into English, then answer them
- •11. Speak for or against: a)European system of education; b)American system of education; c) Russian system of education
- •12. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of bachelor's degree, master's degree
- •13. Discuss the problem of higher education
- •Dialogues
- •Dialogue 1 Read and dramatize the dialogue
- •Dialogue 2.
- •Education in England
- •Dialogue 3.
- •Dialogue 4.
- •Dialogue 5.
- •Exercises
- •1. Read three different descriptions of early school memories. What are the memories about? Are the memories happy or unhappy? Note down three memories for each speaker
- •2. Translate into English
- •3. Questions on the topic
- •4. Talking points
- •Jokes and fun
- •2. Dreams
- •3. Income Tax
- •I opened the door and income tax. Role play Dramatize one of the following situations
- •5. Speak with your friend about Ufa State Aviation Technical University. Use the words given below
- •6. Make up and write down 10 questions which you would include in a questionnaire for a University graduate in Ufa
- •Text 1.
- •1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks that follow it.
- •Virtual reality
- •2. Match the following words and word-combinations, use them in the sentences of your own.
- •1. Match the following words and their definitions. Use them in the sentences of your own
- •Dialogue 2.
- •Exercises
- •1. Filling the gaps (cloze technique) the twenty-first century
- •2. Are you a ‘computer nerd’ or a ‘technophobe’?
- •3. Crossword puzzle
- •Villagers adapt to laboratory life
- •5*. Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap Computers in the Classroom
- •6*. Translate into English
- •Questions on the topic
- •Active voice
- •Passive voice
- •Indirect speech Sequence of Tenses
- •Exercise 2. Change the following sentences Into Indirect Speech
- •Modal verbs Obligation and Likelihood Must, Need
- •Should /Ought to
- •Ability, Likelihood and Permission
- •May, Might
- •The infinitive
- •Complexes with the infinitive Complex Object
- •Complex subject
- •The participle
- •The subjunctive mood
- •Grammar Tests Test 1 Tenses
- •Test 2. Modal Verbs
- •Test 3.
- •Verbals
- •Test 4. Subjunctive Mood
- •Final Test
- •Keep the conversation going
- •Situation 1.
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 2.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 3.
- •Invitation is Incomplete
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 4.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 5.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 6.
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 7.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 8.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 9.
- •In-Laws Demand Helping Hand
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 10.
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 11.
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 12.
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 13.
- •Vocabulary
- •Situation 14.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Supplementary reading Unit 1. Cultural adjustment
- •Initial
- •Isolation
- •Integration
- •The Re-entry Process
- •Individual reactions
- •"Comfort Zones"
- •Business Cultures
- •Eye Contact
- •Shaking Hands
- •North America
- •Titles and Names
- •Beating Culture Shock
- •Unit 2. The Japanese Family
- •American Family Trends
- •An Irish Wedding
- •Climate
- •Climate, Vegetation and Wildlife
- •Climate in Canada
- •Climate in Australia
- •Eurorailing
- •Why laughter is the best medicine.
- •Long life
- •Are you on top of the world? Some things that can make you feel better...
- •Getting moving
- •A lively social life.
- •Self-indulgence
- •Schooling
- •Secondary Education
- •Public Education: Historical Review
- •American School System
- •Higher Education
- •Higher education in Russia
- •Computers: History and Development
- •Key Developments of the Information Age
- •Teacher’s corner
- •1. Tongue twisters
- •2. Associations
- •3. Brainstorm round a word
- •4. Damaged property
- •5. General knowledge
- •Intermediate Level
- •6. Questions about a statement
- •7. The Moon survival problem
- •Cultural adjustment
- •Celebrating holidays and special events
- •American holidays
- •Whom do you invite to dinner party?
- •Plan the Perfect «Core» College Curriculum.
- •1. Pizza
- •2. That Terrible Bus
- •Improve your ability to use the idioms in conversation with a couple of your classmates by acting out one or more of the roleplays below:
- •American slang
- •1. Read the following dialogue in slang and try to guess the meaning of the underlined expressions At school
- •2. Use the explanations given below and compile the dialogue in standard English
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Read the same dialogue translated into Standard English and compare it with your variant of translation At school
- •4. Read the following dialogue in slang and try to guess the meaning of the expressions At the movies
- •5. Use the explanations given below and compile the dialogue in standard English
- •Vocabulary
- •At the movies
- •7. Complete the phrases by choosing the appropriate words from the list below
- •9. Underline the word that best completes each phrase
- •Speak test
American School System
Education is not mentioned in the Constitution, nor is there any federal department of education, so the matter is left to individual States. Education is free and compulsory in all States, however, from the age of 6 till 16 or 18. So, most American children go to State schools. In the USA these are called public schools. There are also some private schools, which are usually supported by religious organizations.
At 6 years of age children begin the first year of elementary school, which is called “Grade I” or “First Grade” (the second year is “Grade 2”, etc.). At elementary school the emphasis is placed on the basic skills — speaking, reading, writing and arithmetic, though the general principle throughout the American school system is that children should be helped and encouraged to develop their own particular interests.
Children move on to high school in the seventh grade, where they continue until the twelfth grade. There are two basic types of high school: one with a more academic curriculum, preparing students for admission to college, and the other offering primarily vocational education (training in a skill or trade). The local school board decides which courses are compulsory. There is great freedom of choice, however, and an important figure in high schools is the guidance counselor, who advises the students on what courses to take on the basis of their career choices.
There are no national exams, although some schools and States have their own exams. Generally examination is given by continuous assessment, which means that teachers assess children throughout the year on how well they do in tests, classroom discussions and written and oral work.
In order to receive the high school diploma necessary in most States to get into college, students must accumulate a minimum number of credits, which are awarded for the successful completion of each one- or half-year course. Students hoping to be admitted to the more famous universities require far more than the minimum number of credits and must also have good grades (the mark given on the basis of a course work and a written examination). Some colleges and universities require the students to take the SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test).
Extra-curricular activity (such as playing for one of the school’s sports teams) is also very important in the American school system and is taken into consideration by colleges and employers.
Higher Education
There are about 3,000 colleges and universities, both private and public, in the United States. Students have to pay to go to both private and State universities. Private universities are generally smaller but very expensive, which means that the tuition fees are extremely high. State colleges and universities are not that expensive, the tuition fees are usually lower, and if the students are State residents, they pay much less.
Every young person who enters a higher educational institution can get financial assistance. If a student is offered a loan, he should repay it (with interest) after he has left the college. Needy students are awarded grants which they do not have to repay.
Scholarships are given when a student is doing exceptionally well at school.
American universities and colleges are usually built as a separate complex, called “campus”, with teaching blocks, libraries, dormitories, and many other facilities grouped together on one site, often on the outskirts of the city. Some universities are comprised many campuses. The University of California, for example, has 9 campuses, the biggest being Berkeley (founded in 1868), San Francisco (1873), Los Angeles (1919), Santa Barbara (1944), Santa Cruz (1965).
All the universities are independent, offering their own choice of studies, selling their own admission standards and deciding which students meet those standards. The greater the prestige of the university, the higher the credits and grades required.
The terms “college” and “university” are often used interchangeably, as “college” is used to refer to all undergraduate education; and the four-year undergraduate program, leading to a bachelor’s degree, can be followed at either college or university. Universities tend to be larger than colleges and also have graduate schools where students can receive post-graduate education. Advanced or graduate university degrees include law and medicine.
Most college and university undergraduate courses last for four years. During the first two years students usually follow general courses in the arts or sciences and then choose a major — the subject or area of studies in which they concentrate. The other subjects are called minors. Credits (with grades) are awarded for the successful completion of each course. These credits are often transferable, so students who have not done well in high school can choose a junior college (or community college), which offers a two-year “transfer” program, preparing students for degree-granting institutions. Community colleges also offer two-year courses of a vocational nature, leading to technical and semi-professional occupations, such as journalism.
There are no final examinations at colleges and universities, and students receive a degree if they have collected enough credits in a particular subject. The traditional degree which crowns the undergraduate course is that of a Bachelor of Arts (B. A.) or a Bachelor of Science (B. S.). The lower level of graduate school is for obtaining the Master’s Degree (M. A. or M. S.), and the upper level is for the degree of Ph.D.
The most famous American higher educational institutions that were already in operation during the early period came into being through the religious zeal and philanthropy of their founders.
Higher education began in the United States long time ago, when the Puritan leaders of the settlement called the Massachusetts Bay Colony founded in 1636 Harvard College (Massachusetts). Established by John Harvard, English clergyman, this college was to turn into the most famous of the American Universities.
The College of William and Mary (Virginia, 1693) was the second institution of higher education founded in the Colonies. In 1701 Connecticut Puritans established Yale College (Connecticut).
All these Colonial colleges which were gradually turned into Universities with classical education established a balance between a Humanities and Science. Their aim was to train men for service in church and civil state.
By the 1770s several more colleges had been opened: University of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania, 1740), Princeton University (New Jersey, 1746), Washington and Lee University (Virginia, 1749), Columbia University (New York, 1754), Brown University (Rhode Island, 1764), Rutgers College (New Jersey, 1766), Dartmouth College (New Hampshire, 1769).
Though the colleges in the first half of the first half of the 19th century were numerous and widely scattered over the settled area, their enrollments were comparatively small. Since 1870s the colleges have developed enormously. Their resources have multiplied, the number of their students has increased by leaps and bounds, the program of studies has broadened and deepened, the standards have been raised, and the efficiency of the instruction has greatly increased. Rigidly prescribed courses of study have given way to elective courses.
In the course of time, when research centers and experiment stations were attached to the Universities, these institutions turned into the strongholds of science and higher education. They developed a unique, typically American structure unlike any other existing University system in the world.