книги / English for Aerospace Engineering

Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ

Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

«Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет»

Ю.В. Михайлова, Ю.Ю. Тимкина

ENGLISH

FOR AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета

в качестве учебно-методического пособия

Издательство Пермского национального исследовательского

политехнического университета

2022

УДК 811.111:629.7(075.8). ББК 81.2Англ-923 М690

Рецензенты:

кандидат филологических наук, доцент К.А. Клочко (Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет),

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент М.Н. Новоселов, (Пермский государственный гуманитарнопедагогический университет)

Михайлова, Ю.В.

М690 English for Aerospace Engineering: учеб.-метод. пособие / Ю.В. Ми-

хайлова, Ю.Ю. Тимкина. ‒ Пермь: Изд-во Перм. нац. исслед. политехн.

ун-та, 2022. – 122 с.

ISBN 978-5-398-02844-7

Составлено в соответствии с рабочей программой дисциплины «Иностранный язык». Предназначено для обучения английскому языку обучающихся первого курса бакалавриата и специалитета по программам аэрокосмического факультета, очной и заочной форм обучения в рамках аудиторной и самостоятельной работ.

Цель учебно-методического пособия ‒ формирование иноязычной речевой и коммуникативной компетенции для решения социально-коммуникативных задач в общепрофессиональной деятельности при взаимодействии с носителями английского языка, а также для дальнейшего самообразования. Реализуются системный, компетентностный, профессионально-ориентированный, коммуникативный подходы. Состоит из модулей (Module) «Авиация» и «Космонавтика», модуль включает 9–10 тем (Units), контрольные работы. Каждая тема включает аутентичный текст, коммуникативно-речевые упражнения, обеспечивающие отработку речевых навыков и их использование в ситуациях общения. Содержит тексты для дополнительного чтения, англо-русский словарь, список используемых источников.

УДК 811.111:629.7(075.8). ББК 81.2Англ-923

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MODULE 1. AVIATION

Aviation is proof that given the will, we have the capacity to achieve the impossible.

Eddie Rickenbacker American aviator (1890–1973)

Unit 1. Aviation

I. Read the following words paying attention to the pronunciation:

Aviation [eɪvɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n], aircraft [ˈeəkrɑː ], civil [ˈsɪv(ə)l], pioneer [paɪəˈnɪə], glider [ˈɡlaɪdə], biplane [ˈbaɪpleɪn], direction [dɪˈrekʃ(ə)n], engine [ˈendʒɪn], though [ðəʊ], initially [ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)lɪ], reconnaissance [rɪˈkɒnɪs(ə)ns], gun [ɡʌn], target [ˈtɑːɡɪt], mission [ˈmɪʃ(ə)n], armament [ˈɑːməm(ə)nt], commercial [kəˈmɜːʃ(ə)l], monoplane [ˈmɒnəpleɪn], fuselage [ˈ uːzəlɑːʒ], retractable [rɪˈtræktəbəl], undercarriage [ˈʌndəkærɪdʒ], vitally [ˈvaɪtəlɪ], propeller [prəˈpelə], jet [ˈdʒet], superiority [suːˌpɪərɪˈɒrɪtɪ].

II. Read the text carefully to get accurate information.

Aviation is the development and operation of heavier than air aircraft. The term “civil aviation” refers to the air transportation service provided to the public by airlines, while “military aviation” refers to the development and use of military aircraft.

The first man made objects to fly were balloons, which were pioneered in France by the Montgolfier brothers in 1783. Some of the basic scientific principles of heavier than air flight were laid down in England in the early 19th century by Sir George Cayley. In the 1890s Otto Lilienthal of Germany became the first person to make and fly successful gliders. The American brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright were inspired by Lilienthal and by 1902 had developed a fully practical biplane (double winged) glider that could be controlled in every direction. Fitting a small engine and two propellers to another biplane, the Wrights on Dec. 17, 1903, made the world’s first successful man carrying, engine powered, heavier than air flight at a site near Kitty Hawk, on the coast of North Carolina.

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The Wright brothers’ success soon inspired successful aircraft designs and flights by others, and World War I (1914–18) further accelerated the expansion of aviation. Though initially used for aerial reconnaissance, aircraft were soon fitted with machine guns to shoot at other aircraft and with bombs to drop on ground targets; military aircraft with these types of missions and armaments became known, respectively, as fighters and bombers.

By the 1920s the first small commercial airlines had begun to carry mail, and the increased speed and range of aircraft made possible the first nonstop flights over the world’s oceans, poles, and continents. In the 1930s more efficient monoplane (single wing) aircraft with an all metal fuselage (body) and a retractable undercarriage became standard. Aircraft played a vitally important role in World War II (1939–45), developing in size, weight, speed, power, range, and armament. The war marked the high point of piston engined propeller craft while also introducing the first aircraft with jet engines, which could fly at higher speeds. Jet engined craft became the norm for fighters in the late 1940s and proved their superiority as commercial transports beginning in the ’50s. The high speeds and low operating costs of jet airliners led to a massive expansion of commercial air travel in the second half of the 20th century.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/aviation

ACTIVE WORDS

aviation [eɪvɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] – авиация, авиационный

aircraft [ˈeəkrɑːft] – воздушное судно, самолет, самолеты, авиация, авиационный

civil [ˈsɪv(ə)l] – гражданский, государственный pioneer [paɪəˈnɪə] – вести, прокладывать путь glider [ˈɡlaɪdə] – планер

biplane (double winged) [ˈbaɪpleɪn] – биплан direction [dɪˈrekʃ(ə)n] – направление

aviation engine [ˈendʒɪn] – авиационный двигатель, авиамотор expansion [ɪkˈspænʃ(ə)n] – спец. (тепловое) расширение

though [ðəʊ] – хотя, однако, несмотря на, если бы, однако, все же initially [ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)lɪ] – первоначально, сначала, в начальной стадии aerial [ˈeərɪəl] – воздушный, авиационный

reconnaissance [rɪˈkɒnɪs(ə)ns] – разведка

gun [ɡʌn] – пистолет, пушка, оружие, пушечный, оружейный, стрелять target [ˈtɑːɡɪt] – цель, мишень, задание, нацеливать, планировать

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mission [ˈmɪʃ(ə)n] – миссия, задание, цель, посылать с поручением armament [ˈɑːməm(ə)nt] – вооружение, оружие, боеприпасы, вооруженная сила, вооруженные силы

commercial [kəˈmɜːʃ(ə)l] – коммерческий, торговый, доходный monoplane (single wing) [ˈmɒnəpleɪn] – моноплан

fuselage [ˈfjuːzəlɑːʒ] – фюзеляж

retractable [rɪˈtræktəbəl] – убирающийся, втягивающийся, вытяжной undercarriage [ˈʌndəkærɪdʒ] – шасси

vitally [ˈvaɪtəlɪ] – жизненно важно, насущно, существенно необходимо propeller [prəˈpelə] – пропеллер, воздушный винт, двигательный

jet [ˈdʒet] — реактивный самолет, реактивный superiority [suːˌpɪərɪˈɒrɪtɪ] – превосходство velocity [vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ] – скорость, быстрота, скоростной ornithopter [ˈɔːnɪˌθɒptə] – орнитоптер, махолет

III.Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (T) or false (F).

1)Aviation is the flying on a plane.

2)Civil aviation is the air transportation service.

3)Military aviation is the development and use of public aircraft.

4)The first man made objects to fly were gliders.

5)Wilbur and Orville Wright had developed a fully practical biplane (single winged) glider.

6)Aircraft were soon fitted with machine guns to shoot at other aircraft and with bombs to drop on ground targets.

7)These types of missions are known as fighters and bombers.

8)The first small commercial airlines had carried mail.

9)The increased engine made possible the first nonstop flights over the world’s oceans, poles, and continents.

10)In the 1930s aircraft with an all plastic fuselage and a retractable undercarriage became standard.

11)The war marked the high point of steam engined propeller craft.

12)The high speeds and low operating costs of jet airliners led to a massive expansion of commercial air travel.

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IV. Find English equivalents in the text.

Авиация, самолет, гражданская авиация, планер, биплан, авиационный двигатель, воздушный, разведка, оружие, цель, задание, вооружение, моноплан, фюзеляж, убирающийся, шасси, реактивный самолет.

V. Choose the appropriate definition.

VI. Complete the following sentences. Choose the ending according to the text.

1)Aviation is

2)The term “civil aviation” refers to

3)The term “military aviation” refers to

4)The first man made objects to fly were balloons,

5)In the 1890s Otto Lilienthal became the first person

6)The American brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright had developed a fully practical biplane glider

7)World War I (1914–18) further

8)Aircraft were soon fitted with machine guns

9)By the 1920s the first small commercial airlines had begun

10)In the 1930s aircraft with an all metal fuselage and a retractable undercarriage

11)The high speeds and low operating costs of jet airliners led to

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a)a massive expansion of commercial air travel.

b)accelerated the expansion of aviation.

c)became standard.

d)that could be controlled in every direction.

e)the air transportation service provided to the public by airlines.

f)the development and operation of heavier than air aircraft.

g)the development and use of military aircraft.

h)to carry mail.

i)to make and fly successful gliders.

j)to shoot at other aircraft.

k)which were pioneered in France in 1783.

VII. Complete the sentences.

(Авиация) is the (разработка и эксплуатация) of (воздушных судов). (Гражданская авиация) is the (воздушно транспортные услуги) provided to the (население) by airlines. (Военная авиация) is the (разработка и эксплуатация) of (военных самолетов). The first (объект) to fly were (шары, планеры). The first (коммерческие) airlines had carried (почту). The increased (скорость самолетов) made possible the first (беспосадочные полеты) over the world’s (океанами, полюсами и континентами).

IX. Read the text and complete it with the necessary words.

Aviation is the (1) _____ surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. (2) _____ includes fixed wing and rotary wing types, morphable wings, wing less lifting bodies, as well as lighter than air craft such as hot air (3) _____

and (4)_____.

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Aviation began in the 18th century with the development of the hot air balloon, an apparatus capable of (5) _____ displacement through buoyancy. Some of the most significant advancements in aviation technology came with the

(6) _____ gliding flying of Otto Lilienthal in 1896; then a large step in significance came with the construction of the first (7) _____ airplane by the Wright brothers in the early 1900s. Since that time, aviation has been technologically revolutionized by the introduction of the (8) _____ which permitted a major form of transport throughout the world.

Unit 2. The History of Aviation

I. Read the following words paying attention to the pronunciation:

Kite [kaɪt], religious [rɪˈlɪdʒəs], invention [ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n], forerunner [ˈfɔːrʌnə], strength [streŋθ], aerodynamics [ˌeərə(ʊ)dæɪˈnæmɪks], theory [ˈθɪərɪ], ornithopter [ˈɔːnɪˌθɒptə], helicopter [ˈhelɪkɒptə], astronomer [əˈstrɒnəmə], aerodrome [ˈeərədrəʊm], source [sɔːs], circle [ˈsɜːk(ə)l].

II. Read the text “Early Efforts of Flight”, match its parts in history sequence and draw sketchy the Aviation History scales.

Around 400 BC, Chine – kite

the 1st century AD, Ancient Greece ‒

___ Leonardo da Vinci ‒ ___

___ Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier ‒ ___

___ George Cayley ‒ ___

___ Otto Lilienthal – ___

___Samuel P. Langley ‒ ___, that included a steam powered engine

___ Octave Chanute published ___

___Wright Brothers ‒ ___

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