Salutations

The question here is "How personal is too personal?" or to be more specific, how do you open your e-mail: “Dear Sir”, “Dear Mr. Smith”, “Joe” or none of the aforementioned.

If you posed this question to Miss Manners, I expect she would come back with a quick answer - use the standard formalities - but I don't know that I would agree.

In a non-business situation, I would recommend that you bypass the standard formalities. At most, I would only include something along the lines of “Dear Virgil” or just “Virgil”.

In the business situation, things are much more complicated. Each situation will need to be evaluated on its own, but in general, I would use the following as a guide: If you normally address a person as Miss/Mrs./Ms./Mr. Smith then that's the way I would initially address them in e-mail. If you normally call them by their first name then I would either omit the salutation or follow the guideline specified in the prior paragraph. If you are unsure, stick to the formal salutation. It's the safest bet.

Part II bank services Text 1. Various Services of Banks

Bank services cover an enormous range of activities today. A full list would include:

1.Current account services

They are extended to anyone whom banks regard as reliable. A new depositor should be recommended by his employer or should present a reference. A reference outlines the potential customer’s financial standing and creditworthiness. If this proves satisfactory the bank will accept a deposit from him which will be entered in his current account.

A cheque book will then be issued free of charge. Once the customer has received his cheque book he may use the cheques to order the banker to pay sums of money out of his current account. Money is being paid into and paid out of the account as often as the customer finds convenient.

2.Deposit account services

Companies and individuals can deposit cash resources that are not needed at present. They can withdraw the money either any day they need it or after a certain period in case of time deposits.

3.Savings account services

This type of account enables small savers to put money away for particular purposes, for example for holidays.

4.Other services:

• foreign exchange

• foreign exchange transactions

• services in foreign trade payments

• discounting bills of exchange

• granting loans

• investment management services

• cash dispensers and automated teller machines

• safe custody

• economic information

• banker’s credit cards

and many others.

Vocabulary Notes

1. current account (demand deposits in USA) – an account on which the commercial bank customer receives no interest but can take money out of at any time - текущий счет

2. deposit – an amount of money that is paid into a bank account - депозит, взнос, вклад

deposit account – an account, the customer usually has to give seven days’ notice before ha can take his money out of. Often used as a reserve into which money not immediately needed can be put to earn interest - депозитный счет

time deposit – money placed in a deposit account earning interest and needing at least 30 days’ notice of withdrawal - срочный вклад

depositor – someone who deposits money with a bank, especially a person who has a deposit account with a bank - вкладчик

to deposit in an account – to put money in an account - вкладывать на счет

3. financial standing - someone’s rank or position in society based on their monetary resources - финансовое положение

4. creditworthiness – a situation in which one is considered to be able to repay debts - платежеспособность

5. to enter in an account – to put money in an account - вносить в счет, записывать на счет

6. to issue a cheque book – to provide somebody with a cheque book - выдать чековую книжку

7. free of charge – without payment - бесплатно

8. to pay in – to put money in an account - вносить (деньги)

to pay into an account - вносить на счет

to pay out of an account - снимать со счета

9. to withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn) from an account – to take money out of an account - снимать со счета

10. savings – all the money that you have saved, especially in a bank - сбережения

savings account – an account into which personal savings are paid and on which the bank usually pays a slightly higher rate of interest than on ordinary deposit accounts - сберегательный счет

saver – someone who saves money in a bank or building society - вкладчик

11. foreign exchange – foreign currency - иностранная валюта

foreign exchange transaction – a business deal (such as buying or selling) with foreign currency - сделка (операция) с иностранной валютой

12. foreign trade – an activity of exchanging goods between countries - внешняя торговля

13. bill of exchange – a written order telling one person to pay a certain sum of money to a named person on demand or at a certain time in the future. Now used mainly in foreign trade (syn draft) - вексель

discounting bills of exchange – in return for a discount buying, or advancing money on a bill of exchange, which is due for payment some time in the future - учет векселей

14. to grant a loan (formal) – to lend somebody money - давать, предоставлять ссуду

15. cash dispenser – a machine from which the customer of a bank can obtain cash in banknotes up to a certain value at any time of day or night - автомат для выплаты наличных

16. automated teller machine (ATM) – same as above - автоматическая кассовая машина

17. safe custody – when a bank takes care of important documents or other valuable possessions for somebody, in return for a regular charge - хранение банком ценностей клиентов