Innovation (part 1)

Innovation is the application of new solutions that meet new requirements, inarticulate needs, or existing market needs. This is accomplished through more effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily available to markets, governments and society. The term innovation can be defined as something original and new that "breaks in to" the market or into society. One usually associates it to new phenomena that are important in some way. A definition of the term, in line with these aspects, would be the following: "An innovation is something original, new, and important - in whatever field - that breaks in to (or obtains a foothold in) a market or society."

Innovation differs from invention in that innovation refers to the use of a better and, as a result, novel idea or method, whereas invention refers more directly to the creation of the idea or method itself.

Innovation differs from improvement in that innovation refers to the notion of doing something different rather than doing the same thing better.

IV. Having read the text find all the cases of using Simple Tenses. Define them.

V. Answer the following questions.

1.What is the text about?

2. What is innovation?

3. What are new solutions accomplished through?

4. Can the term innovation be defined as something original?

5. How can the term innovation be defined?

6. What does innovation differ from invention in?

7. What does innovation refer to?

8. What does innovation differ from improvement in?

9. What does improvement refer to?

10. What can you say in conclusion?

VI. Retell the text according to the questions.

U se the expressions: Now a few words about …; it should be said that …; it is interesting to note that …; in conclusion I`d like to say that ….

LESSON 2

Text: Innovation (part II)

Grammar: Simple Tenses (Passive Voice) Простые времена (страдательный залог)

Tasks:

I. Review Passive Voice. The Simple Tenses.

Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple

I am asked I was asked I will be asked

(меня спрашивают) (меня спросили) (меня спросят)

You are asked You were asked You will be asked

He/she/it is asked He/she/it was asked He/she/it will be asked

II. Learn the following words.

1.Invention [ in`venSn] n изобретение

2. Good [gud] n польза, добро, благо

3. Service [`sWvis] n услуга, сфера деятельности

4.Create [kri`eit] v создавать

5. Value [`vxljH] n ценность

6. Customer [ `kAstqmq] n клиент, заказчик, покупатель

7.Call [kLl] v вызывать

8. Replicable [`replikqbl] a репродуцированный

9. Satisfy [ `sxtisfai] v удовлетворять, соответствовать

10. Specific [ spq`sifik] a определенный, конкретный

11.Involve [in`vLlv] v подразумевать, затрагивать

12. Deliberate [di`libqrqt] a преднамеренный

13. Apply [q`plai] v обращаться, применять

14. Imagination [I,mxGi`neiSn] n воображение

15. Derive [di`raiv] v получать, извлекать

16. Include [in`klHd] v включать

17. In order to [in`Ldq tq] для того чтобы

18. Further [fWDq] adv далее

19. Expectation [ekspek`teiSn] n ожидание, надежды

20. Alliance [q`laiqns] n объединение

21. Purchasing power [pq`CeisiN `pauq] покупательная способность

22. Joint-venturing [`joint venCqriN] совместное предприятие

23. bring about (brought) v [briN q`baut] осуществлять

24. Incremental [ inkrq`mentl] a прибыльный

25. Advance [qd`vRs] n улучшение, продвижение

26. Disruptive [dis`rAptiv] a разрушительный

III. Read and translate the following text.

Innovation (part II)

Innovation is the process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value or for which customers will pay.

To be called an innovation, an idea must be replicable at an economical cost and must satisfy a specific need. Innovation involves deliberate application of information, imagination and initiative in deriving greater or different values from resources, and includes all processes by which new ideas are generated and converted into useful products. In business, innovation often results when ideas are applied by the company in order to further satisfy the needs and expectations of the customers. In a social context, innovation helps create new methods for alliance creation, joint venturing, flexible work hours, and creation of buyers' purchasing power. Innovations are divided into two broad categories:

(1) Evolutionary innovations (continuous or dynamic evolutionary innovation) that are brought about by many incremental advances in technology or processes and

(2) revolutionary innovations (also called discontinuous innovations) which are often disruptive and new.

Innovation is synonymous with risk-taking and organizations that create revolutionary products or technologies take on the greatest risk because they create new markets.

Imitators take less risk because they will start with an innovator's product and take a more effective approach. Examples are IBM with its PC against Apple Computer, Compaq with its cheaper PC's, etc.

IV. Having read the text find all the cases of using the Passive Voice.

V. Answer the following questions.

1. What does the text deal with?

2. What process is innovation?

3. What can you say about the idea of innovation?

4. What does the innovation involve?

5. What processes does innovation include?

6. Into what categories are innovations divided?

7. What can you say about evolutionary innovations?

8. What can you say about revolutionary innovations?

9. What can you say in conclusion?

VI. Retell the text according to the questions.

Use the expressions: Now a few words about …; it should be said that …; it is interesting to note that …; in conclusion I`d like to say that ….

LESSON 3

Text: Innovation (part III)

Grammar: The Imperative Mood. Повелительное наклонение.

The Gerund (Герундий)

Tasks:

I. Review the Gerund.

Example

Active Passive

Simple choosing –выбор, выбирать being chosen

Perfect having chosen having been chosen

2. Pay attention to the translation of the Imperative Mood.

Example:

I do not use this method in my research.

Я не использую этот метод в своем исследовании.

Use this method in your research.

Используйте этот метод в своем исследовании.

II. Learn the following words.

1.Innovate [`inOuveit]v вводить новшества

2. Generally [`Genrqli]adv обычно

3. Implement [`implimqnt]v выполнять, осуществлять

4. Improve [im`prHv]v улучшать

5. Catalyst [`kxtqlist]n катализатор

6. Growth [grouT]n рост

7. Success [sqk`ses] n успех, удача

8. Successful [sqk`sesfl] а успешный, удачный

9. Adapt [q`dept]v приспосабливать

10. Environment [in`vaiqrqnmqnt]n окружающая среда, окружение

11. Deliver [di`livq]v доставлять, производить

12. Thinking [ `TinkiN]n мышление

13. Common [kOmqn] a общий

14. Conduct [kqn`dAkt]v проводить, вести

15. Competitor [kqm`petitq]n конкурент, соперник

16. Entire [in`taiq]a весь, полный

17. Employee [,implOi`J] n служащий, рабочий по найму

18. Empower [im`pauq]v давать возможность, разрешать

19. Inspirational [,inspq`reiSnql]a вдохновляющий

20. Internally [in`tWnli]adv внутренне

21. Externally [iks`tWnli]adv внешне

22. Available [q veilqbl `]a имеющийся в распоряжении, наличный

23. Adviser [qd`vaizq]n советник, консультант

24. Intellectual property protection охрана прав интеллектуальной

собственности

25. Competitive [kqm`petqtiv]a конкурентоспособный

26. Advantage [qd`vRntiG]n преимущество

27. Utilize [`jHtilaiz]v использовать

III. Read and translate the following text.