Учебное пособие 2100

ЗАДАНИЕ 13. Расскажите о влиянии архитектуры на жизнь современного человека по следующему плану, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1.What is architecture? (many meanings;a process and a result; aesthetic and functional criteria; Frank Lloyd Wright; art of making structure express ideas; Barack Obama; the most democratic of art forms)

2.What is an architect? (a person, implements, plans, designs, controls, construction of buildings, take the lead, administrating, goals)

3.Constituent elements of designing a structure (artistic imagination, creative vision, to design spaces, through form, light, textures, materials, colours, to fulfill needs, practical and technical knowledge; safe, efficient, sustainable spaces; interpersonal skills; psychological understanding, ethical practice, to craft spaces)

4.Number of architects around the globe (international organizations, between three and four million)

5.Architecture affects our lives and personality. (W. Churchill, shape our buildings, our buildings shape us,spend most of their lives, indoors or outdoors,surrounded by forms, shapes, artificial light, colors, furniture, buildings, cities, affect, mood, health, well-being)

6.Conclusion (architecture, profession, powerful tool, transform the quality of the environment, influences our lives).

Text 2

Architectural Education in Russia

ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Прочитайте интернациональные слова и определите их значения, обращая внимание на части речи:

а) существительные: model, exam, subject, diploma, project, experimentation, history, specialist, faculty, sculpture, plan;

b)прилагательные: ambitious, international, present, public, academic, industrial;

c)глаголы: model, subject, project, present, plan.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Прочитайте предложение и догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов.

1.In some other Russian cities we also may find renowned institutions that train specialists.

2.The unique approach to education and self-development in Britanka have secured its status as a place of free thinking and ambitious experimentation.

3.The educational process is completely in English there.

4.Study of architecture in Russia has successive stages.

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Civil Engineering3, etc. These are the most ancient architectural educational institutions in our country. But in some other Russian cities we also may find renowned institutions that train specialists in such fields as Town-Planning, Architecture of Residential and Public Buildings, Architectural Design, Architecture of Industrial Buildings, Theory and History of Architecture, Restoration of Architectural Monuments, Interior Architecture, Landscaping and so on. Such universities exist for instance in Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Voronezh.

Voronezh Architectural Institute has a long-standing history; it was established in 1930, now it has become a part of a well-respected Voronezh State Technical University. The academic year lasts from September to July consisting of two terms or semesters. At the end of each term or trimester students have to take exams.

Simultaneously with celebratedold-established universities at present some new forward-looking and very prestigious architectural schools are being opened. For example, Strelka Institute for Media, Architecture and Design or The British Higher School of Art and Design. Strelka Institute is an international educational project, founded in 2009 and located in Moscow and supported by foreign architects, e.g. Rem Koolhaas. The Institute aims to educate the next generation of architects, designers and media professionals, enabling them to shape the 21st century world. The British Higher School of Art and Design, known as Britanka, was founded in 2003.The unique approach to education and self-development in the course of 17 years in Britanka have secured its status as a place of creativity, free thinking and ambitious experimentation. The educational process is completely in English there.

Generally speaking, study of architecture in Russia is built according to the Western model, and has successive stages: Bachelor's degree, Master's degree, Postgraduate Course. To get a diploma, students pass the exams in core subjects and write a thesis or defend architectural project.

1Московский Архитектурный Институт (Государственная Академия) – МархИ 2Московское училище живописи, ваяния и зодчества 3Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Соедините части предложений по смыслу.

ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Вставьте необходимые предлоги.

1.The unique approach … education and self-development … the course … 15 years … Britanka have secured its high status.

2.The educational process is completely … English there.

3.Study … architecture … Russia is built…the Western model.

4.It was established … 1930, now it has become a part … Voronezh State Technical University.

5.Strelka Institute is an international educational project, founded …2009 and located…Moscow and supported…foreign architects.

ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Выбрав правильный вариант, закончите следующие предложения.

3.The Britanka aims to educate the next generation of …

a)economists and builders; b) architects and designers.

4.In Russia architects may be trained …

a)at some special architectural institutes; b) at architectural faculties with correspondence department.

5.Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering became a part

of a well-respected Voronezh State Technical University …

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ЗАДАНИЕ 10. Подтвердите словами из текста, что:

1.Воронежский архитектурно-строительный институт имеет долгую историю.

2.Образование в России строится по западной модели и имеет последовательные ступени: бакалавриат, магистратуру и аспирантуру.

3.Сегодня открываются новые престижные и перспективные архитектурные школы.

4.Британка зарекомендовала себя на протяжении уже 17 лет как учреждение с уникальным подходом к саморазвитию и образовательному процессу в целом.

5.Для того чтобы получить диплом, студентам надо сдать экзамены по ключевым предметам.

ЗАДАНИЕ 11. Читайте текст, вставляя пропущенные слова, которые соответствуют тексту.

These are the most ancient architectural e… i… in our country. But in some other Russian cities we also may find renowned institutions that t… specialists in such f… as Town-P…, A… of Residential and Public B…, Architectural D…, Architecture of I… Buildings, Theory and H… of Architecture, R… of Architectural M…, Interior Architecture, L… and so on. Such u… exist for instance in Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Voronezh.

Voronezh A… Institute has a long-s… history; it was established in 1930, now it has become a p… of a well-respected Voronezh State T… University.

ЗАДАНИЕ 12. Ответьте на вопросы, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1.Where are architects trained in Russia? (many engineering institutes)

2.What are the most famous universities of our country? (Moscow Architectural Institute; Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture; SaintPetersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering)

3.What do you know about history of Voronezh Architectural Institute? (longstanding; was established ; a part of)

4.What Russian prestigious architectural schools of present days do you know? (Strelka Institute for Media, Architecture and Design or The British Higher School of Art and Design.)

5.What are the successive stages of the educational process in Russian high school? (Bachelor's degree, Master's degree, Post-graduate Course.)

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ЗАДАНИЕ 13. Расскажите об архитектурном образовании в России по следующему плану, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1.In Russia architects are trained at … (special architectural and artistic institutes)

2.The most famous universities (Moscow Architectural Institute; Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture; Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering)

3.Voronezh Architectural Institute (a long-standing history; a well-respected Voronezh State Technical University;to takeexams)

4.New forward-looking and prestigious architectural schools (Strelka Institute for Media, Architecture and Design; The British Higher School of Art and Design)

5.The Western model of education (Bachelor's degree, Master's degree, Postgraduate Course; to get a diploma).

Тексты для самостоятельной работы по теме «Architecture»

Text A

Прочитайте текст и выполните задание.

Sir Christopher Wren

Sir Christopher Wren (20 October 1632 – 25 February 1723) is one the most significant architects in British history, and was a recognized astronomer, scholar, and physicist-mathematician. Wren was classically trained at the University of Oxford in physics and engineering where he developed his interest in architecture. He is perhaps most famous for designing London's iconic St Paul's Cathedral, however he is credited with the design of dozens of other churches, government buildings, and hospitals in England. Wren was knighted in 1673.

Wren received his first architectural commission in 1663 from his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, to design a new chapel for Pembroke College in Cambridge. After the Great Fire of London destroyed much of the city in 1666, Wren seized the opportunity to redesign the burned areas with a network of wide boulevards. His proposal was rejected, in part due to difficulties in establishing the owners of the land after such a huge disaster, but he succeeded in building 52 churches across the city, including St Paul's. Shortly thereafter, Wren was appointed surveyor of the Royal Works by King Charles II, tasked with supervising all government buildings and royal palaces in Britain.

His career in architecture quickly took off, receiving contracts to design the Royal Observatory in Greenwich; A hospital for retired soldiers Chelsea and a hospital for sailors in Greenwich; Trinity College Library in Cambridge; and a

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significant rebuilding project at Hampton Court Palace in London, which was originally constructed during the reign of King Henry VIII. In addition to his work in architecture, Wren was a lecturer at University of Oxford and Gresham College, and a co-founder of the Royal Society, a prestigious organization devoted to the study of science.

Wren is buried in St Paul's cathedral. In Latin, his grave reads: "If you seek his memorial, look about you."

WRITING TASK

Подготовьте презентацию на английском языке на тему «Известные английские архитекторы».

Text B

Прочитайте текст и выполните задание.

Green Facades

The firm Jakob presents Green façades, which is a wall system, where climbing plants or cascading groundcovers are trained to cover specially designed supporting structures.

Green façades use climbing plants, which are divided into self-supporting plants like root climbers or adhesive-suckers, and plants that need supporting structure, like twining vines, leaf-stem climbers, leaf climbers, or scrambling plants.

There are different types of support structures for Jakob's Green façades:

Modular trellis system. Stainless steel cable and rope wire systems consist of a kit of parts that includes high-tensile steel cables, wire trellises, anchors, spacers, and supplementary equipment. Vertical and horizontal wires can be connected through cross clamps to form a flexible trellis system in various sizes and patterns. And to cover large areas, stainless steel wire-rope nets can be supported on flexible or rigid frames.

Single cables system. Cables can be oriented in a vertical or horizontal arrangement and spaced to suit overall look and/or plant type selected. Single Cable Trellis systems are a great way to draw vines up a space while scrambling plants love to sprawl sideways along horizontal style trellises.

Webnet for Greening. The stainless-steel mesh Webnet as a plant support blends well with modern architecture and enables an exact greening of the façade.

Characteristics:

Green façades require a less intensive maintenance than living walls do.

Green façades supports a great diversity of plant species, including a mixture of groundcovers, ferns, low shrubs, perennial flowers, and edible plants.

Plant materials can be rooted at the base of the structures, in intermediate planters, or on rooftops.

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Green façades can be attached to existing walls or built as freestanding structures.

This system provides ventilated façades.

Provides indoor temperature control and noise reduction.

It improves air quality.

Generates eco-balance.

WRITING TASK

Подготовьте презентацию на английском языке на тему «Виды зеленых фасадов».

Unit 2

Designing and its Development

Text 1

Design and its Early History

ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Прочитайте интернациональные слова и определите их значения, обращая внимание на части речи:

а) существительные: décor, form, decoration, design, ornamentation, artist, innovation, production, image, promotion;

b)прилагательные: international, economic, technical, аesthetic;

c)глаголы: décor, design, ornament, produce, form.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Прочитайте предложение и догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов.

1.This term derived from English and nowadays is used in several meanings.

2.As a goal the union wanted to reorganize the handicraft production into the industrial one.

3.They “led a struggle” with superfluous decoration of goods produced.

4.The owner wanted his production to widespread all over the world.

5.Peter Behrens was one of co-founders of “Werkbund”.

ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Используя образец и выражения, данные справа, скажите, что могут создавать дизайнеры.

Образец: Designers may create decoration of goods produced.

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2.…may be produced by a designer. d) interiors

e)logotype, product design, publicity

f)industrial design

g)any graphic design

ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Познакомьтесь со словами и словосочетаниями, которые помогут вам понять текст:

1)metal-worktechnology – методика работы с металлоконструкциями

2)promotion of goods – продвижениетовара

3)the entire corporate identity – фирменный стиль организации под ключ

4)to train – давать образование, учить

5)to enhance – усиливать, упрочивать

6)specifics of molding – техникалепки

7)establishment– учреждение

8)superfluous – чрезмерный, избыточный

9)to turnout – оказываться

10)former – бывший, предыдущий

11)political pressure – политическое давление

12)technical training – техническое образование

13)a specialized course – специальный курс

14)the Nazi regime – нацистский режим

15)knowledge in handicraft – знание ремесленной работы

ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Design and its Early History

“Design” as a term came toRussia not so long ago – in the second part of the XX-th century. This term derived from English and nowadays is used in several meanings, most widespread of which are décor, decoration, ornamentation – in a more theatrical, demonstrative sense; and constructing, planning – with a rather engineering meaning.

In 1907 in Germany an industrial union named “Werkbund” was founded, which united industrialists, architects, artists and merchants. Its creation was demanded by economic and аesthetic causes in order to make craftsmen be able to conquer the international market. The founder, an architect Hermann Muthesius, was the president of the union till 1914.

As a goal the union wanted to reorganize the handicraft production into the industrial one and to create some ideal samples for manufacturing; they “led a struggle” with superfluousdecoration of goods produced. Their program was devoted to using and selecting the best ideas and opportunities in art, trade, manufacturing in order to unite the largest industrialists. Peter Behrens who was one of co-founders of

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“Werkbund” was invited as an art director to AEG Corporation that produced different electric staff: lamps, motors, tools. As the owner wanted his production to widespread all over the world, he was interested in creating a new image of his firm (that was an innovation in promotion of goods of that period). So P. Behrens designed the entire corporate identity - logotype, product design, publicity, etc.Virtually, P. Behrens work for AEG Corporation turned out to be revolution in the world of design and for he is considered to be the creator of industrial designas a basic form of design in general.

In 1919 in a little German town Weimar, there was founded “Bauhaus”– the first institution to train designers. The head of the establishment was a German architect Walter Gropius, a former Peter Behrence's student. During a very short period “Bauhaus” managed to become a large design-training center.

First year student had a specialized course to study ceramics, furniture, textile. The study included technical subjects – Werklehre and artistic course – Kunstlehre, also some knowledge in handicraft was necessary for a future designer.

The Bauhaus goods differed in design and graphics. Technical training consisted of studying of tools, metal-work technologies, etc. The students were taught all the specifics of molding and colour mixing techniques. During the last years of studying the theoretical basis in the study program was enhanced.

But in 1930 the college was closed as a result of political pressure of the Nazi regime.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний.