Учебное пособие 2100

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Innovations in Construction

ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Прочитайте интернациональные слова и определите их значения, обращая внимание на части речи:

a)существительные: progress, management, system, energy, progress, computer, control, resources, problem, ecology, transport, sector, economy, product, structure, industry, mechanization;

b)прилагательные: economical, natural, technological, human, effective;

c)глаголы: to minimize, to base.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Прочитайте предложение и догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов.

1.Innovations are introduced to all spheres of our life.

2.The materials and equipment should be eco-friendly to natural environment.

3.The mechanisms replaced the work of people.

4.Innovations in construction can be divided into managerial and technological.

5.Management innovations include the application of effective construction management methods.

ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Познакомьтесь со словами и словосочетаниями, которые помогут понять текст:

1)to enhance – повысить, улучшить

2)achievement – достижение

3)to facilitate – облегчить

4)to solve – решить

5)to require – требовать

6)to increase – увеличить

7)scientific – научный

8)demand –спрос

9)profitability – прибыльность

10)to take into account – принять во внимание

11)advanced – передовой

12)experience – опыт

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ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Innovations in Construction

Progress never stops; innovations are being rapidly introduced to all spheres of our life, especially construction business.

The materials and equipmentwe choose to construct our buildings should enhance safety, minimize pollution, be economical, eco-friendly to natural environment and aesthetically better. The buildings should have good waste management system, water conservation and use less of artificial energy.

Firstly, the achievements of technological progress facilitate the work of people, and somewhere they can even replace human resources.

Secondly, innovations solve some problems. They may be associated with the production, ecology, transport or household life. Innovative solutions are required everywhere.

Construction is one of the rapidly changing progressive sectors of the economy, characterized by constantly increasing rates of technology change.Innovations in construction are the creation of construction products based on scientific and technical developments. Innovations must have a scientific and technical novelty, market demand and profitability.

Innovations in construction can be divided into managerial and technological. Managerial innovations take into account the advanced experience of the

construction industry and include the application of effective construction management methods and organizational structures of construction organizations.

Technological innovations in construction are divided into product: new materials, products, structures and equipment; and process: new technologies and means of mechanization.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний:

улучшить безопасность, быть экологичным для окружающей среды, система управления отходами, сохранение воды, связаны с производством, постоянно растущие темпы, техническая новинка, управленческий, передовой опыт, средства механизации.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Соедините части предложений по смыслу.

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ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Вставьте необходимые предлоги.

1.Innovations are being rapidly introduced … all spheres of our life.

2.The achievements … technological progress facilitate the work of people.

3.Innovations may be associated … the production, ecology, transport or household life.

4.Construction is characterized … constantly increasing rates of technology change.

5.Innovations in construction is based … scientific and technical developments.

6.Technological innovations in construction are divided … product and process.

ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Ответьте на вопросы об особенностях инноваций в строительстве.

1.What is rapidly introduced to all spheres of our life?

2.What requirements should the materials and equipment meet?

3.What do the achievements involve?

4.What are the innovations in construction based on?

5.How can innovations in construction be divided?

6.What are managerial innovations?

7.What do technological innovations include?

ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Подтвердите словами из текста, что:

1.К материалам и оборудованию предъявляются высокие требования

(enhance safety, minimize pollution, be economical, eco-friendly to natural environment and aesthetically better).

2.Достижения технологического прогресса приводят к существенным переменам (facilitate the work, replace human resources).

3.Инновации могут решить проблемы в разных отраслях жизни (the

production, ecology, transport, household life).

4.Инновации в строительстве могут быть двух видов (managerial, technological).

5.Управленческие инновации предполагают новшества в структуре управления (effective construction management methods, organizational structures of construction organizations).

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ЗАДАНИЕ 10. Выбрав правильный вариант, закончите следующие предложения:

1.Technological progress …

a)facilitates the work; b) stops the work.

2.Innovations …

a)create difficulties; b) solve some problems.

3.Construction is one of the … sectors of the economy.

a)regressive; b) progressive.

4.Managerial innovations … the advanced experience of the construction industry.

a)take into account; b) ignore.

ЗАДАНИЕ 11. Читайте текст, вставляя пропущенные слова, которые соответствуют тексту.

Innovations are rapidly i… to all spheres of our life. The materials and equipment should e… safety, m… pollution, be economical, e… and aesthetically better. The achievements of technological progress f… the work of people and can r… human resources. Innovative solutions are r… in the production, ecology, transport, household life. Innovations in construction must have a scientific and technical novelty, market d… and profitability. Innovations in construction can be divided into m…- the application of effective construction management methods and organizational structures - and t… - new materials, products, equipment, technologies and means of mechanization.

ЗАДАНИЕ 12. Расскажите об инновациях в строительстве по следующему плану, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1.The requirements to the new materials, equipment and buildings (safety, minimize pollution, economical, eco-friendly, less of artificial energy).

2.The role of the achievements (facilitate the work, replace human resources).

3.Problems which innovations solve (the production, ecology, transport, household life).

4.The basics of innovations (scientific and technical developments, market demand, profitability).

5.The classification of innovations in construction (managerial, technological).

6.Managerial innovations (advanced experience, effective construction management methods).

7.Technological innovations (new materials, products, structures and equipment, new technologies and means of mechanization).

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Тексты для самостоятельной работы по теме “Innovation”

Text A

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Important Tips for Innovations

Construction Materials

Building materials constitute about 40 % of the project cost in construction projects. Therefore it becomes necessary that the materials should be used more efficiently. Innovation in respect of the materials should be done considering the requirements and suitability in the project:

-acceptance of building materials – they should be accepted by the construction industry and the end user;

-economy of materials – which is an essential requirements of any activity. The new materials which are economical in use will be accepted more.

-sustainability of building materials - one of the factor affecting this criteria is non availability for a long period of time;

-using local resources – the advantage will be saving on the transport cost and easy availability;

-future modification potential - the new material should have quality of changing as on the need;

-environment friendlythe new material should not have adverse effect on the environment.

Equipment and Machinery

Equipments produce output at accelerated speed, and enables performance of

tasks in shorter time. Equipments improve productivity, quality and safety. Innovated equipment should posses some important features: easy to use, easy to maintain, be economical, sustainable, multifunctional, flexible, safe, energy saving, least polluting, have future modification potential.

WRITING TASK

1.Напишите эссе на английском языке о необходимости использования инновационных материалов в строительстве.

2.Подготовьте презентацию на английском языке об особенностях инноваций применительно к строительным материалам, оборудованию и технике, работающей на строительной площадке.

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Text B

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Innovations in Construction Technology

Construction is one of the branches of civil engineering that is concerned directly with common people. Buildings have been built for a long time but with the differences in technology. The first buildings were simple and just for the purpose of shelter. They were made from stones and mud but in recent time we construct buildings using multiple types of materials including stone, timer, concrete, metals, glass, etc.

Types of construction technologies

Construction industry includes a wide range of constructions suitable for all classes of society: commercial, domestic, industrial, heavy or civil constructions, etc. Each of these requires different technological treatments. For domestic construction, simple technological methods are usually preferred and frequently available materials are mostly used. In commercial construction, the basic concern is infrastructure that is responsible for strength and life of project.

Role of technology in building designs

Construction industry has passed through advancements. One of them is focused on designing buildings before constructing them. Progress in technology has introduced successful techniques to develop strong and long-lasting buildings. Building Information Modeling (BIM is one of such computerized systems that facilitate for collecting information about buildings under construction on regular basis. This system greatly enhances the communication among engineers and designers that are working on the project.

Innovations in construction technology

Technological progress has introduced many innovations in field of construction industry. Most of the building parts such as pillars, roofs and concrete blocks are available in prepared forms that increase the speed of construction process greatly. Use of pre-stressed concrete units strengthens the buildings along with speedy construction.

Green construction

The green revolution has also some effects on this industry. It means while constructing buildings natural environment should not be spoiled and materials used for building must be eco-friendly. This concept should be implemented to all types of construction including domestic as well as commercial construction.

WRITING TASK

1. Напишите эссе на английском языке о роли, которую играет инновация в строительстве.

2. Подготовьте презентацию на английском языке о технологических инновациях в строительстве.

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ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Познакомьтесь со словами и словосочетаниями, которые помогут вам понять текст:

1)government, n – правительство

2)effort, n – усилие, старание, стремление

3)accomplish, v – выполнять, совершать, достигать

4)purpose, n – цель, задача, назначение

5)employee, n – служащий, работник

6)objective, n – цель, задача

7)imply, v – подразумевать, означать, предполагать

8)enterprise, n – предприятие, компания, фирма

9)perform, v – выполнять, осуществлять, совершать

10)environment, n – окружающая среда, обстановка

11)contribute, v – способствовать

12)outcome, n – результат, итог

13)charity, n – благотворительная деятельность

14)involve, v – вовлекать, задействовать, затрагивать

15)consist, v – состоять

ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Management

Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body. Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural, technological, and human resources. The term "management" may also refer to those people who manage an organization.

Management involves identifying the mission, objective, procedures, rules and manipulation of the human capital of an enterprise to contribute to the success of the enterprise. This implies effective communication: an enterprise environment (as

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opposed to a physical or mechanical mechanism) implies human motivation and implies some sort of successful progress or system outcome.

From this perspective, Henri Fayol (1841–1925) considers management to consist of five functions: 1) planning (forecasting); 2) organizing; 3) commanding; 4) coordinating; 5) controlling.

One habit of thought regards management as equivalent to "business administration" and thus excludes management in places outside commerce, as for example in charities and in the public sector. More broadly, every organization must "manage" its work, people, processes, technology, etc. to maximize effectiveness.

English-speakers may also use the term "management" or "the management" as a collective word describing the managers of an organization, for example of a corporation. Historically this use of the term often contrasted with the term "labour" – referring to those being managed.

Management on the whole is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, leading and controlling.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Соедините части предложений по смыслу.

ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Вставьте необходимые предлоги.

1.Management includes the activities … setting the strategy … an organization and coordinating the efforts … its employees to accomplish its objectives … the application … available resources.

2.An enterprise environment (as opposed … a physical or mechanical mechanism) implies human motivation and implies some sort … successful progress or system outcome.

3.… this perspective, Henri Fayol (1841–1925) considers management to consist … five functions.

4.English-speakers may also use the term "management" … a collective word describing the managers of an organization.

5.Management … the whole is the process … planning, organizing, coordinating, leading and controlling.

ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Выбрав правильный вариант, закончите следующие предложения.

1.Management is the administration of an … .

a)organization; b) activity.

2.Management … the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources.

a)includes; b) excludes.

3.Management involves identifying the mission, objective, procedures, rules and manipulation of the human capital of an enterprise to contribute to the …

a)physical or mechanical mechanism; b) success of the enterprise.

4.Henri Fayol (1841–1925) considers management to consist of … : planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling.

a)five functions; b) five resources.

5.Management on the whole is … of planning, organizing, coordinating, leading and controlling.

a)the public sector; b) the process.

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