Учебное пособие 1669

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 4 (27), 2019 ISSN 2587-8093

with the subordinate clauses corresponding to their deep structures disclosing the meaning of the main sentence included into the article context.

Method of the study is the method of word-for-word translation allowing to analyze the sentence structures, to determine the way of grammatical and lexical changes which are essential for context awareness during the translation.

Results of the research

Three main structures of CSIC were identified in the process of work.

1.S + Pраs.+ Inf., where S–subject of the action, Ppas. –predicate in the passive voice, Inf. –infinitive;

2.S + P +Inf, S –subject of the action, P– predicate in the active voice, Inf. –infinitive;

3 S + be+adj + Inf., where S–subject of the action, be+adj.–personal form of the verb to be + adjective.

Our research, of course, would not be complete, if we limited it by giving the definitions to the key structures. It was also very important to look at the grammatical structures which this construction is achieved by and lexical filling needed for characterizing the surface typical propositions and their deep structures

The example analyses of the first construction S + Ppas. +Inf.– «who/what is influenced by any impact in order to perform something» has revealed that it is provided in the contexts by the verbs expect, understand, believe, assume, report, say, think, suppose and know. This structure corresponds to the situation when somebody is under any outside circumstances feeling various kinds of conditions. It’s obvious, the English concept in this situation is «patiens is influenced by any impact condition». In the Russian language a similar situation is given by the sсheme “who is needed/obliged what to do” [7, p. 146] and corresponds to the concept «patiens undergoes the condition». In general, it is approximately the same. We can say, in this case, about the possibility of forming the identical syntactical concepts in mind of the Russian and English speakers at the same situation in the world picture given to our perception.

In the common context the mentioned construction is not difficult for understanding: He was asked to help her. Он был опрошенный помочь ей. Otherwise: Его попросили помочь ей. Why is it tough to catch the meaning of the sentence with SCSC? Apparently, it does not concern with its surface structure. It can have a connection with its semantic filling.

As we know, the predicate in the passive voice is formed with personal tense forms of the verb to be and Participle II of the main verb transmitting the meaning of the activity. In the English grammar books Participle II is called as Past Participle performing the function of complete reflection of an action (perfect forms), and, at the same time, the function of an impact on any subject affected by that influence (passive forms).

Verbs taking part in creating the constructions mentioned above enter the group of static verbs conveying the sense perception and mental conclusion. They are not used in forming the active continuous action, that is, there is not a moment of visual reflection of any active process. Probably, this distinctive feature influences the process of understanding and as a result the translation.

Frequency of use of a separately taken verb in a sentence including the construction of the construction SCIC of the first type is presented in Figure.

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Fig. The quantity of examples with verbs in structures with SCIC of the first type (as a percentage of the total number of received results).

As it is shown in the diagram the verb expect is the most frequently used among other verbs in the first type construction. In that regard, we started our study exactly with examining this group of examples.

It is necessary to note, that the definition of this verb in the article contexts having been looked through is implemented in the area of the mental verbs like suppose and think unlike the non-active verbs wait and stay expressing the process of waiting and staying somewhere.

Suppose and think are interpreted as: 1. «to consider probable or certain»; 2. «to consider reasonable, due, or necessary»; «to consider bound in duty or obligated» [2**]. It is really hard to imagine the impact of probability or possibility on someone, but the semantic filling of the verb expect dominates the situation and points out its modal character. To our mind, all this is a result of “preposition” reflected in the sentence.

In explaining the «complex structures» in the English practical grammar in use by R.Murphy it is noted that the structure introduced by impersonal pronoun it and the verb expect in passive voice: “It is expected that“ (это есть предполагаемым, что) means the same as the structure S + Pраs.+ Inf. For example, the structures: “It’s expected that the strike will end soon” [12, p. 90] – “это есть предполагаемым, что забастовка закончится вскоре” and “The strike is expected to end soon” – “забастовка есть предполагаемым закончить вскоре” have the identical meaning such as “People expect that the strike will end soon” - “люди предполагать, что забастовка закончится вскоре”.

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 4 (27), 2019 ISSN 2587-8093

We proceed from the fact that the structure with impersonal pronoun it telling about the general situation and people’s attitude to it and the subordinate clause disclosing it are included into the structure with Complex Subject. Under this approach, it is evident that it is the deep structure of CSIC. The mentioned above scheme S + Pраs.+ Inf. is reconstructed into It + Ppas, that S+ P/Ppas., where It – impersonal active subject of the main clause expressed by the pronoun in the third person of singular form., Ppas. – predicate of CSIC in the passive voice, that– “conjunction” entering the subordinate clause where S-subject CSIC,

P – predicate in the active voice or Ppas. Passive voice of the main verb performing the function of the infinitive in CSIC.

In case with the verb expect, the scheme is converted into It + be expected that S + Ppass/P – «what is probable/possible, that who/what is under the impact to perform something/ will perform something» - «что быть предполагаемым/вероятным, что кто-то/что-то находится под воздействием выполнить что-то/выполнит что-то. Thus, the subject of the sentence with CSIC is moved to the subordinate clause, and Infinitive acts as the predicate of the action.

So at the first reading of the sentence: «Cambodia is expected to become latest country to issue a national cryptocurrency » [1*] according to «situation of undergoing the condition» reflected in the context [7, p. 147, it is possible to form the English concept «patiens undergoes the impact condition» - «пациенс претерпевает состояние воздействия», which is corresponds to the structural scheme lies on the surface of the sentence. It sounds like:

Cambodia undergoes the impact of probability or possibility to become latest country to issue a national cryptoc urrency . Apparently, the perception like this follows to the wrong interpretation.

Based on the situation, it is necessary to make the mentioned above transformations, which will cause the changes of the written form of the sentence: It is expected that Cambodia will become latest country to issue a cryptocurrency. The meaning has become clear and corresponds to the deep proposition reflected in it: This is proba - ble/possible that Cambodia will become latest country to issue a cryptocurre n- cy. Это есть предполагаемым /вероятным , что Камбоджа станет послед - ней страной, выпускающей криптовалюту.

The impersonal pronoun “it”–«это» is taken away during the translation and the sentence becomes like this: Probably/possibly that Cambodia will become latest country to issue a cryptocurrency . - Предполагается / вероятно, что Камбоджа станет последней страной, выпускающей криптовалюту.

As the result, we have come to the conclusion that the syntactic concept «patiens undergoes modal-evaluative condition» - «пациенс претерпевает модально-оценочное состоя-

ние» becomes the concept of the main clause when the situation is «(who) is probable/possible that» - «(кому) предполагается/вероятно, что». The subject formed by a noun people –

люди is hidden as the semantic subject in the sentence of the construction like this. It means that the estimation of the sentence is done on the base of the modal state, which people suffer from as the representatives of the definite society.

The structural scheme «who performs what» - «кто-что выполнит что-то» of the clause «Cambodia will become latest country to issue a cryptocurrency » corresponds to the concept «agens influences object» - «агенс воздействует на объект» when the situation is «agens changes object» - «агенс изменяет объект». The predicate points out the changes in agens’s status in the object position. From our standpoint, the transformations having been done in the structure of the sentence containing SCIC have resulted in dividing the main concept «patiens undergoes the impact condition» - «пациенс претерпевает состояние воздействия» into two concepts «patiens undergoes modal-evaluative condition» - «пациенс претерпевает модально-оценочное состояние» and «agens influences object» - «агенс воз-

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 4 (27), 2019 ISSN 2587-8093

действует на объект». Its unique ability to combine two concepts inside itself in the hidden form gives us the opportunity to name it the combinatory concept – комбинаторный концепт.

In the other example: «The number of children receiving the top GCSE mark is expected to be cut in half under new reforms » [2*], the performed transformations convert the sentence into the next:

It is expected that the number of children receiving the top GCSE mark will be cut in half under new reforms. - Предполагается /видимо, что количе-

ство детей , получающих высшие баллы в аттестате о среднем образовании, сократиться вдвое в соответствии с новыми реформами .

There are some changes in the second part of CSIC. The structure “who is under influence for a reason” - «кто-то находится под воздействием по причине» is the reflection of the concept “agens undergoes the impact condition” - «агенс претерпевает состояние воздействия» of the typical situation “agens undergoes cause-and-effect impact condition”

- «агенс претерпевает причинно-следственное состояние воздействия».

It is important to emphasize, that SSSS of the subordinate clause is created under the direct influence of the real situation taking place in the society.

It has been shown by the analysis that in the great amount of situations the most frequent examples with CSIC are with the verb to be. In the new English-Russian dictionary the verb to be is defined as: «1) быть, существовать (be, exist) 2) находиться; бывать (take place) 3) происходить; случаться (happen)» [2**, p.158]. That is the intransitive verb by definition of Webster’s dictionary having the meaning: «to have an objective existence: have reality or actuality: live (иметь предметное существование, обладать реальностью или актуальностью:

жить, существовать); to have, maintain, or occupy a place, situation, or position (иметь, со-

держать, занимать место ситуацию или положение); to take place: occur (иметь место, случаться); to come or go (приходить или ходить в значении бывать) » [3**].

In the detailed formulation of the verb быть – to be in the Russian thesaurus dictionary it is found out approximately the same understanding of the transferable meaning of the its action as in the English language: «1. существовать (exist). 2. иметься (be). 3. присутствовать,

находиться с кем-либо, где-либо (be anywhere with anyone). 4. располагаться, размещать-

ся (be located, be situated) » [4**, p. 107].

We intentionally have compared the meaning of the verbs in two languages in order to be sure to say that the English verb to be and the Russian verb быть are the verbs of the «object existence» - «бытия объекта» in time and space. It gives us the ability to claim that there are similar types of concepts in two languages where these verbs are used. We consider, the verb to be can take part in the reflection of the concept «existence of object attribute» - «бытие признака объекта» [7, p. 33] corresponding to the Russian concept. The type of the concept is caused by the lexical filling of the sentence predicative group.

Within the context of our work the subject of the clause action with the predicative to be is considered to be as «protagonist» because of being the main active person of CSIC. It does not lose its significance during the movement from the CSIC subject position to the subject of the clause and is involved into the proposition «protagonist-existence sign-attribute» with various displays of situations.

The examples of different kinds of situations having been formed on the base of the subject meanings of the subordinate clause with the predicate to be are given below:

1.Situation «who/what will be what kind» - «кто/что будет каким»

«Kieran Gibbs is expected to be available for Arsenal against Burnley on

Saturday» [3**].

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 4 (27), 2019 ISSN 2587-8093

It’s expected that Kieran Gibbs will be available for Arsenal against Burnley on Saturday.

Предполагается, что Киеран Гибс будет доступным для Арсенала против Бернли в субботу.

2.Situation «who will be whom» - «кто будет кем»

«Welshman is expected to be Dutchman's right -hand man when Louis van

Gaal's appointment is confirmed» [4*].

It is expected that Welshman will be Dutchman's right -hand man when Louis van Gaal's appointment is confirmed.

Предполагается, что валлиец будет правой рукой (помощником ) го л - ландца, когда подтвердится назначение Луиса ван Гаала.

3. Situation «who/what will be more or less than who/what» - «кто/что будет более или менее, чем кто/ что»

«The next generation iPhone is also expected to be thinner and feature more curved edges than in the past … » [5*].

It is also expected that the next generation iPhone will be thinner and fea - ture more curved edges than in the past .

Предполагается, что следующее поколение iPhone будет более тон - ким и отличаться более изогнутыми краями, чем в прошлом.

In the other scheme «who/what announce condition of whom/what» - «кто/что объяв-

ляет состояние кого/чего» the verbs of the mental speech activity are used to report about the object attributes expressed in the situation (see a table).

Table The verbs of the mental speech activity used for creating the concept «agens marks object» - «агенс маркирует объект»

Based on the material of our study, the verb announce in CSIC publicly announces about any object condition of the subordinate clause. The definition of this verb confirms that fact: «transitive verb–to make known publicly: proclaim (переходный глагол – сделать публично известным: объявить); to give notice of the arrival, presence, or readiness of (something)» (уведомить о прибытии, присутствии или готовности); to indicate beforehand: foretell (сообщить заранее: предсказывать). Intransitive verb–to declare one's candidacy (непереходный глагол–объявить чью-то кандидатуру)» [5**].

As it is presented in the examples given below, the subject of the main CSIC sentence could be, as a rule, a person-representative of the modern society or well-known company:

«Hillary Clinton is expected to announce her campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2016 as early as this Sunday, according to reports» [6*].

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It’s expected that Hillary Clinton will announce her campaign for the

Democratic presidential nomination in 2016 as early as this Sunday, a c- cording to reports.

Предполагают, что Хилари Клинтон объявит о её компании на Дем о - кратические президентские выборы в 2016 уже в это вос кресенье, со - гласно отчетам.

«In addition, Google is also expected to announce a new version of its

Android operating system» [7*].

In addition, it’s expected that Google will also announce a new version of its Android operating system.

К тому же ожидают, что Google также обнародует новую версию ее Android операционной системы .

Below there are some examples with other verbs presenting the concept «agens marks object» - «агенс маркирует объект».

DECLARE

«Candidates will no longer be expected to declare m edical issues during the recruitment stage unless it is specifically related to their job role»

[8*].

It will no longer be expected that candidates will declare medical issues during the recruitment stage unless it is specifically related to their job role.

Уже больше не будут ожидать того, что кандидаты объявят мед и- цинские проблемы во время набора персонала, если только это не о т- носится к их рабочим функциям.

MARK

«The IBF - WBA world title unification bout…. is expected to mark Sky Box Office’s return to plac ing boxing on a pay -per-view platform….» [9*].

It’s expected that the IBF -WBA world title unification bout will mark Sky

Box Office’s return to placing boxing on a pay -per -view platform….

Предполагают, что бой за звание чемпиона мира IBMWBA знаменует воз вращение Sky Box Office в рейтинговый спорт на платной основе просмотра….

REVEAL

« Watch The Telegraph's live stream of Google's autumn event, where the company is expected to reveal new Nexus smartphones and Android

Marshmallow» [7*].

Watch The Telegraph' s live stream of Google's autumn event, where it’s expected the company will reveal new Nexus smartphones and Android Marshmallow .

Смотрите прямую трансляцию канала The Telegraph где, как ожид а- ется, компания покажет новые смартфоны Nexus и Android Marsh - mallow.

Thus, the mentioned above examples with the verbs declare, mark and reveal reaffirm that they act as the way of announcement about any expected object condition like in case with the verb announce.

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Conclusion

Based on the foregoing, it should be concluded that during the reading of the sentences with CSIC of the first type, the English syntactic combinatory concept «patiens undergoes the impact condition» - «пациенс претерпевает состояние воздействия» of the surface structure «who/what is under the impact to perform something» - «кто/что испытывает какое-

то воздействие, чтобы что-то выполнить» is perceived at first. Later on it is transformed during the meaning recoding process and divided into two concepts, which have the logical connection resulting from a situation as well as the typical proposition lying at the basis of its formation. We have also to underline that the first type CSIC concept formation of the main sentence «patiens undergoes modal-evaluative condition» - «пациенс претерпевает модаль-

но-оценочное состояние» is due to the passive predicate from the verb expect, which is more widely used among the other verbs of that construction, and is the situation modal modifier. Of course, the versions of the subordinate clause situations are more various. In the result of our work, the next types of concepts serving those situations were found out: «agens influences object» - «агенс воздействует на объект», “agens undergoes the impact condition” - «агенс претерпевает состояние воздействия», «existence of object attribute» - «бытие признака объекта» and «agens marks object» - «агенс маркирует объект».

Further studies of the CSIC lexical-and-grammatical filling gives the opportunity to identify the other types of the English syntactic concepts of the simple sentence. Studying CSIC from the point of cognitive linguistics could be applied in the sphere of the professional translation from the Russian language into the English as well as from English into Russian for the reason that it touches upon the areas connected with the formation patterns of syntactic structures of two languages.

The received results could be interesting for the English language lecturers engaged in the working sphere of the professionally orientated translation and students obtaining the practical skills in that area, and also for all who takes interest in structural syntax of the English language.

References

[1]Lurija A.R., Yazyik i soznanije. Pod red. E.D.Homskoj, Rostov n/D.,: iz-vo “Feniks”, 1998. – 416s.

[2]Kubrjakova E. S., Rratkij slovar Kognitivnikh Terminov [Tekst] / E.S.Kubrjakova, V.Z. Demjankov, U.G. Luzina.-Moskva, 1992.-247s.

[3]Popova Z.D. Syntaksicheskij koncept i mezhkul’turnaja kommunikatcija / Z.D.Popova // Vestnik Voronezhskogo gos.univer. Serija: lingvistika i mezhkul’turnaja kommunikatcija. -2004. Nom.2-S.27-31.

[4]Kuz’mina S.E., Variativnost strukturnoj shemy predlozhenija (na material anglijiskogo jazyka) / S.E.Kuz’mina // Vestnik Cheliabinskogo gos. univer. – 2010. – nom.13 (194) – S.88-93.

[5]Susov I.P., Vvedenie v jazykosnanie. / I.P. Susov. M.: Vostok – Zapad, 2006. – 382s.

[6]Manaenko G.N., Propozitsija kak srmantichskaja struktura znanija / G.N. Manaenko // Svero-Kavk.-Kavk. univer. Jazyk. Tekst. Diskurs. – 2010. - №8. – s.53-68.

[7 ] Fedorov V.A. Teoriya syntasicheskikh konseptov v praktike perevoda /V.A.Fedorov// Nauchnyi zhurnal Sovremrnyi lingvisticheskye i metodoko-didakticheskye isledovaniya. 2019. –

№2(42). - С. 130-139.

[8]Volokhina G.A., Popova Z.D. Syntaksicheskije koncepty russkogo prostogo predlozhenija / G.A.Volokhina, Z.D. Popova. –Voronezh: Istoki, 2003. -196s.

[9]Fedorov V.A. Avtoreferat dissertatcii doktora filologicheskih nauk. / V.A.Fedorov // Voronezh. gos. un-t. Voronezh, 2013. -36s.

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[10] Saakjan A.S., K voprosy teorii “slozhnogo podlezhashhego” v sovremennom anglijiskom jazyke / A.S. Saakjan // Sbornik Aktual’nye problem lingvistiki, literaturovedenija, jazykovogo obrazovanija mat-ly II Nauchnoj sessii. Moskovskij gor. ped. univ., Institut inostrnnyh jazykov, 2009-S. 103-109.

[11]Teplyh L.V., Perevod s anglijskogo jazyka slozhnyh grammaticheskih konstruktcij v svete teorii dinamicheskih informatcionnyh system / L.V.Teplyh // Nauchnyj vestnik Magistr - 2016. –nom.2. –S. 20-26.

[12]Mkrtchjan T.U., Borisenko V.A., Infinitivnye predikativnye kostruktcii kak sredstvo yazykovoj kompressii v sovremennom anglijskom jazyke / T.U.Mrkchjan, V.A. Borisenko // Baltijskij gumanitarnyj zhurnal. -2017. -T.6 nom.4 (21). –S. 128-132.

[13]Murphy R., English Grammar in Use / R/Murphy // Cambridge University Press- 2012.-Forth Edition. - P. 380.

Analyzed sources

[1*] Telegraph-Telegraph Online, Daily Telehraph, Sundy Telegraph, URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/06/cambodia-expected-follow-venezuela-plans- national-cryptocurrency/ (время обращения–30.05.2019).

[2*] Telegraph-Telegraph Online, Daily Telehraph, Sundy Telegraph, URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cycling/2017/11/27/chris-froome-expected-attempt-complete- clean-sweep-grand-tour/ (время обращения–30.05.2019).

[3*] Telegraph-Telegraph Online, Daily Telehraph, Sundy Telegraph, URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/arsenal/11191638/Arsenal-hope-to-avoid- another-defensive-headache-with-Kieran-Gibbs-expected-to-be-fit-for-Burnley-clash.html (время обращения–30.05.2019).

[4*] Telegraph-Telegraph Online, Daily Telehraph, Sundy Telegraph, URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/manchester-united/10832608/Ryan-Giggs- expected-to-accept-Louis-van-Gaals-offer-of-becoming-his-No-2-at-Manchester-United.html (время обращения–30.05.2019).

[5*] Telegraph-Telegraph Online, Daily Telehraph, Sundy Telegraph, URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/iphone/10922027/iPhone-6-production-starting- next-month.html (время обращения–30.05.2019).

[6*] Telegraph-Telegraph Online, Daily Telehraph, Sundy Telegraph, URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/hillary-clinton/11526669/Hillary-Clinton- expected-to-announce-presidential-run-this-weekend.html (время обращения–30.05.2019).

[7*] Telegraph-Telegraph Online, Daily Telehraph, Sundy Telegraph, URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/11899348/Watch-live-coverage-as-Google- expected-to-unveil-new-smartphones.html (время обращения–30.05.2019).

[8*] Telegraph-Telegraph Online, Daily Telehraph, Sundy Telegraph, URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1308840/Arithmetic-may-not-add-up-for-the- Eurosceptics.html (время обращения–30.05.2019).

[9*] Telegraph-Telegraph Online, Daily Telehraph, Sundy Telegraph, URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/boxing/9821166/Carl-Froch-super- middleweight-rematch-with-Mikkel-Kessler-expected-to-be-pay-per-view-says-Eddie- Hearn.html (время обращения–30.05.2019).

Dictionaries used

[1**] Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: samyj nadezhnyj v Amerike onlajn slovar, URL:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/complex (vremya obrashcheniya– 29.05.2019).

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[2**] Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: samyj nadezhnyj v Amerike onlajn slovar https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/expect#other-words (vremya obrashcheniya– 29.05.2019)

[3**] Mjuller, V.K., Novij anglo-russkij slovar: ok.200000 slov I slovosochetanij / V.K.Mjuller, T.E. Aleksandrova, A.Ya. Dvorkina, S.P. Romanova. -16-e izd., stereotip. – M. Drofa, Rus.yaz. - Media, 2011. – XII, [II],945, [1].

[4**] Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: samyj nadezhnyj v Amerike onlajn slovar https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/be (vremya obrashcheniya–29.05.2019)

[5**] BTS. / Sost. i gl.red. S.A.Kuznetsov. – SPb. ”Norint”, 2000. – 1536c.

[6**] Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: samyj nadezhnyj v Amerike onlajn slovar https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/announce (vremya obrashcheniya–29.05.2019).

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UDC 801=802.0

LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT «MAN»

IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL TEXTS OF F. BACON

I.Yu. Lavrinenko

____________________________________________________________________________

Voronezh State Technical University,

PhD in Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages and Technology of Translation

Irina Yuryevna Lavrinenko e-mail: Lavrinirina1@yandex.ru

____________________________________________________________________________

Problem statement. The article presents the analysis of the concept “man” in the philosophical discourse of F.

Bacon. Linguistic representatives of the concept with the help of semantic-and-cognitive analysis are determined, their quantitative analyses is carried out, basic features of the cognitive structure of the concept “man” are revealed. Contextual analysis of the philosophical discourse is carried out to determine contents and structural components of the cognitive structure of the concept “man”.

Results. In the result of the conducted experiment set of verbal explicators of the concept “man” was analyzed and classified. The features of the concept are based on the following parameters: individual nature – social nature, specificity – abstractness. Frame structure of the concept with its basic components: “features”, “functions”, “nature” of man is determined.

Conclusion. Complex character of the concept “man” in the philosophical discourse of F. Bacon demonstrates high degree of anthropocentrism of his philosophy. Basic structure determining components of the concept reveal the rationality of man`s nature, that is its connection with intellectual activity, endeavour to reach understanding and get knowledge, to conduct experiment, to get an insight of cause and effect regulations, his inclination to socialization and communication with the world. This fact demonstrates humanism of F. Bacon`s discourse, where science, knowledge and intellect act as basic prolegomena of man`s nature.

Key words: concept, man, intellect, semantic-and-cognitive analysis, linguistic representatives, philosophical discourse, F. Bacon, frame, cognitive structure, sociocentricity, anthropocentrism.

For citation: Lavrinenko I.Yu. Linguistic representation of the concept «MAN» in the philosophical texts of F. Bacon / I.Yu. Lavrinenko // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-didactic Researches”. –

2019. - № 4 (27). – P. 43-52.

Introduction

The interest to study the ontology of man, his mission, mental mechanisms and stimuli influencing his life arose at the dawn of civilization. The necessity to get a closer look at human`s nature influenced different philosophical schools, that initiated many conceptions of anthropological character. Philosophical postulates of the Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece are considered to be apologists of these conceptions. They presented different philosophical views on the issues of man`s origin, axiological components of his life, his ideology, motives, needs and demands, arrangement of life – all that determines conditions of man`s being.

It is no exaggeration to say that the main goal of philosophical doctrines is to get the insight of human nature. This idea is proved by the fact that one of the main questions the philosophy considers is “What is man?” A range of other philosophical issues followed by the main one is generally aimed at considering man`s nature, his abilities, affecting gnoseological aspect of man`s nature (“What can I know?”), his behavioristic intentions (“What should I do?”), spir- itual-and-ethical aspects of his life (“What should I hope for?”) and others. The central role of man in philosophy is declared in the citation of I. Kant in one of his main works – “Anthropology from pragmatic point of view” (1798). The philosopher determined anthropology as a fundamental element of all Philosophy.

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© Lavrinenko I.Yu. 2019

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