Mark Twain

One day Mark Twain ___ 1) (to arrive) at Salamanka, New York, where he ___ 2) (to be) to change trains. The people on the platform ___ 3) (to try) to get into the train which ___ 4) (to pack) already. He ___ 5) (to ask) if he ___ 6) (can) have a sleeping car, but the answer was: "No." He ___ 7) (to feel) hurt. And his companion ___ 8) (not to believe) they ... 9) (to give) anything. But just then Mark Twain ___10) (to notice) that the porter of a sleeping car ___ 11) (to look) at him. He ___ 12) (to see) the expression of his face suddenly ___ 13) (to change). He ___ 14) (to whisper) something to the uniformed conductor and Mark Twain ___15) (to understand) that he ___ 16) (to talk) about. Then the conductor ___ 17) (to come) forward, his face all politeness. He ___18) (to offer) Mark Twain a big family compartment and asked if there ___ 19) (to be) anything he ___ 20) (to want).

Peter and Mary

Peter and Mary ___1) (to stand) at the top of the steps at the railway station. They ___2) (to wait) for John and Julie. John and Julie ___3) (to come) on the twelve o'clock train People ___4) (to walk) up and down the steps, and Peter and Mary ___5) (to watch) them and ___6) (to talk). They ___7) (to wonder) what the different people ___8) (to do) there at the entrance to the station. Then Mary said: "Some of the people ___9) (to walk) slowly up the steps, but some of them ___10) (to run) Than man ___11) (to walk) very fast and ___12) (to look) very worried and unhappy. I wonder what he ___13) (to hurry) for. This ___14) (not to be) the rush hour. Now there ___15) (to be) some schoolchildren. They have all got big cases." Peter ___16) (to explain) that the children ___17) (to be going) back to school. They ___18) (to carry) books and clothes in their cases. Their teacher ___19) (to take) them back to school. He asked Julie if she could see the man with a pack of mountain-boots over his shoulder. He and his wife ___20) (to limp) after their first mountain holiday. Then Peter and Miry ___21) (to look) round and ___22) (to see) their friends John and Julie.

The Use of Tenses in the Passive Voice

Preparatory activities.

Review the following topics:

1. What does the category of Voice express?

2. How many voices are there in English? Name and characterise them.

3. State the general formula of building the Passive Voice in English.

4. Which tense-aspect forms are missing in the Passive Voice?

5. Comment on the formation and use of tense-aspect forms in the Passive Voice.

6. What are the ways of translating the Passive Voice into Russian?

7. In which cases the agent of the action should be mentioned with the preposition “by”?

8. Comment on the uses of the Passive Voice peculiar to the English language.

9. State the cases where the combination to be + Participle II denotes an action or a state.

Exercises

Exercise 1. Put the verbs given in brackets in the required passive tense-aspect forms.

1. "I don't want to hear another word. I ____ never ____ so ____ in my whole life. (to insult) 2. But what shall I do if you ____? (to kill) 3. Godfrey waited, before he spoke again, until the ale ____ and the door ____ (to bring, to close) 4. In whatever spare time he could find, he read the current research journals, trying to understand the implications of the experiments which ____ throughout the world. (to perform) 5.Merriman, order the dog-cart at once. Mr. Ernest ____ suddenly to town. (to call back) 6. The gentleman was so startled that he, took the night train for the. Continent and ____ , never ____ of since. (to hear) 7. In 1834, the Houses of Parliament, with the exception of Westminster Hall ____ by fire. They ____ by Sir Charles Barry. (to destroy, to rebuild) 8. "I'm afraid that we're going to have to move," he said. "This lab won't be big enough for us after all. But there's a double room on the eleventh floor that ____ ." (to use — negative) 9. Lanny noticed that he ____ by three white men from the coffee stall on the other side of the road. (to watch) 10. It was past eleven o'clock – a late hour for the little village of Cobham – when Mr. Pickwick retired to the bedroom which ____ for his reception. (to prepare) 11. We ____ if we ____, but never mind. (to scold, to see) 12. The Nobel. Prize ____ to him in 1924 when the advent of wave mechanics had revealed the importance of his work, ten years after his famous experiment ____. (to give, to perform) 13. Antonia: Thank you. Thank you. Martin: What ____ I____ for? (to thank) 14. I called to ask if a diamond brooch of mine ____. (to find) 15. The tea-things ____ scarcely ____ when the London coach deposited Mr. Weller, senior, at the door. (to put away) 16. Annette's most valuable stone was ruby, which ____ to her when she was twelve by an Indian prince who was in love with her mother. (to give) 17. Jim put down his pail and bent over the toe with absorbing interest while the bandage ____ (to unwind) 18. He carefully examined the contents of his case, and did not speak again until the beer ____ and he had paid for it. (to bring) 19.The little patient ____ and ____ , and now lay composed in her crib. (to examine, to. soothe) 20. It was an idea that ____ at that moment ____ by Colonel Melchett and Colonel Bantry. (to discuss) 21. Lanny ____ cruelly, heartlessly in the way Sam ____ .When he ____ , the barking of a dog ____ . It ____ by hurried footsteps. (to beat, to beat, to beat, to hear, to follow) 22. Arthur went up to his room. Nothing in it ____ since his arrest. (to change) 23. You can feel when you ____ .(to watch) 24. The oldest of London's present-day theatres is the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, which ____ in 1663 and ____ since ____ several times. (to open, to reconstruct) 25. Below decks the atmosphere was close. Many cigarettes ____ and ____ . (to smoke, to smoke) 26. She kept an eye on the Leanham people to see that her action ____ duly ____ . (to notice) 27. Rumania is a Balkan State which ____ long ____ for its mineral springs. (to know) 28. After a few routine questions ____ and ____ Dr. Lord leant back in his chair and smiled at his, patient. (to ask, to answer) 29. Harry was twenty-three. He ____ by an uncle in San Francisco and was visiting his father and mother in Torino when war ____ . (to bring up, to declare) 30. He strode up to the front door of the house and rang the bell like one who ____ there for weeks. (to expect) 31. After lunch, we heard that Charles Lenton ____ for. (to send) 32. Breakfast ____ scarcely ____ when a waiter brought in Mr. Dowel’s card. (to clear away) 33. One could not walk or drive about Philadelphia without seeing or being impressed with the general tendency toward a more cultivated and selective social life. Many excellent and expensive houses ____. (to erect) 34. I ____ constantly ____ in the street. I like it. It gives an amuse­ment to the dullest walk. (to follow) 35. A minute earlier, a small boy with a partly deflated red balloon had run out into the cleared forbidden street. He ____ just ____ and ____ back to the curb by his father. (to capture; to drag) 36. The railway ____ at all at that time. (to use - negative)

Exercise 2. State where the combination to be + Participle II is a simple predicate and where it is a compound nominal predicate.

1. Mr. Dorrit's rooms were reached. Candles were lighted. The attendants withdrew. 2. The door was instantly opened. 3. I have been treated and respected as a gentleman universally. 4. About noon, I was summoned to dress Madame. 5. My boxes are locked, strapped and la­belled; I hate being hurried. 6. This brisk little affair was all settled before breakfast. 7. He was like a. man who had been separated from one he loved for many years. 8. I stopped at a barber shop and was shaved and went home to the hospital. 9. We shall have time to-morrow, when my packing is finished. 10. My wife and daughters were charmed with her. 11. The purchase was completed within a month. 12. You are deceived. 13. The door was opened by a girl. 14. I'll be dressed in a min­ute. 15. The small room was lit only by a dying fire and one candle with a shade over it. 16. A short bridge .. over a canal was blown up but we climbed across on what was left of the span. 17. The chambermaid's curiosity was aroused at once. 18. Was your novel ever published? 19. He has not been well educated up to now. 20. Huckleberry was filled with admiration of Tom's facility in writing and the sublimity of his language. 21. The beds, which for years had been neglected, now were trim with the abominations of carpet bedding. 22. A whisper goes about the house that Mr. Dombey's hair is curled. 23.He was in the house when the diamond was lost. 24. When at last the notes were finished, I typed them out. 25. Penn was fascinated and troubled by this suggestion. 20. The big brightly lit stone-flagged kitchen was silent. The shutters were closed and barred. 27. Red carpet was laid down for the occasion; hothouse plants and evergreens were arranged in bow­ers at the extremities and in every recess of the gallery. 28. Perhaps you know that Mirah's brother is found! 29. Another half-hour and all doors would be Socked – all lights ex­tinguished. 30. Sam's body was twisted and deformed. But he had not been born like that. Early one morning farm labourers on their way to work had come upon a twisted heap lying in the open. It had turned out to be Sam. The right side of his head had been crushed in, as though by a boot. Most of the ribs in the right side of his chest were broken. His right arm was broken in many places. 31. The scoop, under the ranger's fence, selected for his sleeping place, was overhung by branches. 32. My things are all packed. 33. Two doors opened out of the pas­sage to the left and to the right. One of these had obviously been closed for many weeks. 34. In the front room the bricks of the floor were being tumbled aside by the shoots from old tree-roots. 35. She realised that the old life was gone and done with.

Exercise 3. Translate into Russian.

1. That day she was seen little of. 2. At that moment hasty steps were heard in the entry. 3. A man who is much talked about is always very attractive. 4. I was told, too, that neither masters nor teachers were found fault with in that establishment. 5. I shall be quite safe, quite well taken care of. 6. I've been sent for urgently, to get at the truth. 7. A sound of a piano is heard in the living room. 8. He could see that the bed was empty, and that it had not been slept in. 9. The gate was opened by one of the maids. 10. Nothing more was said on either side. 11. I don't suppose there's anybody who isn't cared of by someone or other. 12. With old and young great sorrow is followed by a sleepless night.. 13. He was forbidden to receive either letters or telegrams. 14. The visitor was allowed to come forward and seat himself. 15. The match was looked upon as made by her father and mother. 16. Klesmer bowed round to the three sisters more grandly than they had ever been bowed to before. 17. That's a thing I've not been accused of before. 18. The child shall be taken care of somehow. 19. I just chatter when I'm chattered to. 20. And for four years now I have been trying to make myself heard in the popular press. I have been laughed at as a crank. I have endured insults. 21. Knight had been looked upon as a bachelor by nature. 22. We know that she likes Nurse O'Brien and is well looked after. 23. Her uncle and mother came two days ago, and she is being well taken cane of. 24. The effect of my education can never he done away with. 25. The strained and precarious relationship between Ann and Randall, which had been quite unprepared for, was also a constant source of pain and surprise. 26. She is so absolutely to be relied on as that? 27 Fabrizi told me he had been written to and had consented to come and take up the campaign against the Jesuits. 28. One child in a household of grown people is usually made, very much of, and in a quiet way I was a good deal taken notice of by Mrs. Bretton, who had been left a widow, with one son, before I knew her. 29. She's quite well thought of in Cambridge. 30. I was taught music and singing. 31. Habble was dismissed, but Kinney was not allowed to retire with him. 32. By now we had been joined by two other people. 33. About an hour or so later I was sent for and found Mary unconscious. 34. Gemma was both pleasant to look at and interesting to talk to.

Exercise 4. Translate into English, using the Passive Voice and the Compound Predicate where possible.

1. Его нигде не видели в течение всей недели. Он болен? 2. Пожар начался ночью, и пламя было видно издалека. 3. Когда я приехала в Лондон, этот дом еще строился. 4. Этот дом был построен до того, как началась война. 5. Я уверена, что вам помогут в вашей работе. 6. Город, в котором родился Ни­зами, был основан в IX веке. 7. Московский университет назван именем Ломоносова. 8. Павлову была присвоена почетная сте­пень доктора Кембриджского университета. 9. Как мало еще сделано, а уже свистит свисток на обед. 10. После того, как письмо Петру было написано, он по­веселел. 11. Телеграмму послали поздно вече­ром, так что она будет получена только утром. 12. Эта книга уже распродана. 13. Когда Ленни вернулся, дома никого не было. Миссис Шварц попросили прийти постирать бельё. 14. Произве­дения Пушкина переведены на 76 языков народов России. 15. В этот момент обсуждался очень важный вопрос, и все внимательно слушали. Он обсуждался уже более двух часов. 16. Мис­сис Лекки стояла в прихожей, держа в руках открытку, кото­рую только что принесли. 17. Она знала, что сестра вернется домой поздно. Ее пригласили в театр. 18. Домой они пришли очень поздно, все двери были уже закрыты. 19. Ког­да я появился здесь, уже все было утверждено, подписано. 20. В кабинете давно не открывали окна. Воздух был тяжел. 21. Почему такая работа не напечатана? 22. Когда Джона привезли в Ливерпуль, ему было семь лет. 23. В тот же день послано было письмо в город. 24. Его повели вниз. 25. Послышался топот копыт. 26. В доме заметны были некоторые приготовления: все было вытерто и вычищено. Видно было, что нас ждали. 27. Не прошло трех минут, как преступник был связан. 28. Его везде охотно принимали. 29. Мне только что предложили интересную работу. 30. Боль­ному запретили курить. 31. Детям велели идти спать. 32. Меня попросили прийти через несколько дней 33. Мне задали несколько вопросов, на ко­торые я не сразу мог ответить. 34. Больному посоветовали ехать на юг. 35. Мне вчера сказали, что вы были больны. 36. Нам вчера дали несколько новых журналов и книг. 37. Ему посоветовали остаться дома. 38. Мне показали проект нового театра. 39. Это как раз та статья, которую нам посоветовали прочесть. 40. Меня прислали помочь вам. 41. Мне велели прийти ровно в пять часов.42. Ей посоветовали заниматься музыкой. 43. Ему посоветовали обратиться к хорошему врачу. 44. Оратора слушали очень внимательно. 45. Дети любят, когда им читают. 46. Не понимаю, почему об этом фильме так много го­ворят. 47. Он исключительно добросовестный человек, на него можно положиться. 48. На эту книгу никогда не ссылаются. 6. О поступке Бермана много говорили в колонии. 49. За машиной послали, как только вещи были уложены. 50. В нашей стране с неграмотностью давно покончено. 51. Зимой в этом доме никогда не жили. 52. Послали ли за свежим молоком? 53. От Ивана с тех пор не было никакой весточки. 54. Послали за такси. 55. В нашей стране дети обеспечены всем необходимым. 56. Его речь на собрании была такой блестящей, что о ней потом много говорили. 57. К счастью, доктор жил в этом же доме, и я была из­бавлена от необходимости выходить ночью. 58. Когда самолет скрылся из виду, все пошли домой. 59. Опять вы опоздали. С этим надо покончить. 60. Ребенка положили в больницу, где за ним очень хорошо ухаживали. 61. После лекции был концерт. 62. В доме миссис Рид к Джейн Эйр постоянно придирались. 63. Когда длинноногий парень скрылся из виду, Давид сел отдох­нуть. 64. За первой мировой войной последовала революция в России. 65. После смерти миссис Копперфильд к Давиду всегда придирались. 66. С такими серьезными вещами не шутят. 67. За молнией последовал удар грома. 68. Перевод такой хороший, что в нем нельзя найти никаких недостатков.

ASSIGNMENTS FOR SELF-CONTROL

Use the verb in the required form. Check your answers in the keys.

1. The building ______ two years ago. a) destroyed b) was destroyed

2. I ______ by the news he had told me the day before. a) am surprising b) surprised c) was surprised d) am surprised

3. ______ he ______ at the airport tomorrow? a) Is ____ being met b) Will ____ be meet

4. The place ______ to me. a) is hands b) was handed c) will be handing

5. I ______ into buying a motorbike by Martha. a) was talked b) talk c) have been talked

6. Yesterday the whole program ______ over to a report from Bosnia. a) has been given b) was given c) gave d) gives

7. A number of priceless works of art ______ in the earthquake. a) have been destroyed b) was destroyed c) has been destroyed

8. Because my visa had expired I ______ from re-entering the country. a) prevented b) am prevent c) prevent d) was prevented

9. It’s generally agreed that new industries ______ for the southern part of the country. a) are need b) are needed c) need

10. It’s incredible to think that these clothes ______ by Queen Victoria. a) wear b) are being worn c) were worn

11. A new drug ______ to combat asthma in small children. a) is developing b) has been developed c) develops

12. A number of political prisoners ______ within the next days. a) will be released b) release c) were released

13. The problem ______ to me. a) was saying b) was mentioned c) was being mentioning

14. The game ______ to the children. a) demonstrates b) was demonstrate c) is demonstrating d) will be demonstrated

15. When I was young I ______ by my aunt and uncle. a) was looked for b) was looked after c) was looked at d) was being looked

16. He ______ for nearly 12 hours. a) operates with b) is operated at c) was operated on

17. His decision ______. a) approves of b) was approved of

18. The land next to our house ______. a) has been bought b) have been bought c) was being bought

19. The tennis court ______ so we couldn’t play. a) has been used b) was used c) was being used

20. Better results ______ soon. a) will be expected b) are expected c) expect