Lesson 3 From the History of Railways of Great Britain.

Грамматика: Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)

Упражнения:

I. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова:

To demonstrate, model, passenger, economy, locomotive, shilling, engineer, transport.

II. Образуйте существительные от глаголов и переведите их:

to develop, to transport, to operate, to communicate, to connect.

III. Образуйте прилагательные от существительных и переведите их;

economy, power, success

Пояснения к тексту:

Richard Trevethic[ ] – Ричард Тревитик

George Stephenson [ ]- Джордж Стефенсон

VI. Прочитайте текст. При чтении текста обратите внимание на то, когда и почему железные дороги стали самым важным средством перевозок.

The early railways were not like the railways we have today. The very first railways used horses for drawing trains and were put into operation for transporting such products as coal, ore and timber. Later, on the horse railways were used as passenger transport in large cities, But these railways did not last long.

One of the first attempts to use the steam engine to draw passenger and freight trains was made in 1808 by Richard Trevithick, an Englishman, who demonstrated his working model in London. This locomotive ran on a circular track of iron rails. For a shilling the public could travel in a carriage drawn by the steam engine. The locomotive was called "Catch-me-who-can", and people could really catch it because it developed only 12 mph (miles per hour).

But one day a rail broke and the locomotive overturned, eliding Trevithick's career as an inventor.

In 1829, George Stephenson, an English inventor and engineer, built a successful steam locomotive which he called the "Rocket”. This locomotive was much smaller and lighter than steam locomotives developed later on and it was much slower. However, it could draw a small train of loaded cars on the railway and developed speed of 13 mph (21 kph). The invention of the steam locomotives made the railway the most important of all means of transportation.

V. Найдите в тексте синонимы слов:

big, to construct, to do.

VI. Найдите в тексте антонимы:

small, slow, early, exhort, heavy.

VIII. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени от прилагательных:

fast, modern, safe, popular, late, slow

IX. Переведите предложения. Обратите особоe внимание на перевод подчеркнутых слов:

The locomotive ''Rocket" was very small and light.

In order to light the way they used a flashlight.

The light of the lamp was very dim.

IX. Вставьте вместо точек следующие слова

attempt rains, trains, function, invention.

1) The very first railways used horses for drawing ....

2) The ...of the steam locomotives made the railway the most important of ail means of transportation.

3) The most important ... of railways is to carry freight.

4) The first ... to use steam engine was made in 1808.

X.Согласитесь со следующими утверждениями или опровергните их:

Пример: "The Rocket" was built in 1810. That's wrong, "The Rocket” was built in 1829.

Stephenson's locomotive was small and light. That's right, Stephenson's locomotive was small and light.

1) The economy of the country is influenced by transport and communication.

2) Many developments were introduced on railways to make them an efficient means of communication.

3) People know much about the first railways.

4) "The .Rocket^” could draw a big train of loaded care.

XI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1) Why do railways play an important part in the development of a country?

2) Were the very first railways built to carry people?

3) Why could people catch the Trevithick's locomotive?

4) When and where did the first steam locomotive appear?

5) What made the railway the most important means of transportation?